Indy Lights

Indy Lights is an American developmental automobile racing series sanctioned by IndyCar, currently known as Indy Lights Presented by Cooper Tires for sponsorship reasons. Indy Lights is the highest step on the Road to Indy, a program of racing series leading up to the IndyCar Series. The Indy Lights series has been promoted by Anderson Promotions since 2014, which also manages the Road to Indy program.

Indy Lights
CategoryOpen wheel cars
CountryUnited States
Inaugural season1986 (original)
2002 (IndyCar sanctioned)
ConstructorsDallara
Engine suppliersMazda-AER
Tyre suppliersCooper Tires
Drivers' champion Oliver Askew
Teams' champion Andretti Autosport
Official websiteindylights.com
Current season

A similar series named Indy Lights filled the developmental role for the CART series, and ran from 1986 to 1993 as the American Racing Series and Dayton Indy Lights from 1991 to 2001. The current IndyCar sanctioned series was founded in 2002 as the Infiniti Pro Series as a way to introduce new talent to IndyCar, with the moniker Indy Lights returning in 2008 when CART and IndyCar unified. The Indy Lights champion is awarded a $1M scholarship toward the IndyCar Series, and guaranteed three races including the Indianapolis 500.

Early origins

In the post-WWII era, through the early 1960s, open wheel race cars were almost exclusively front-engined "roadsters". The primary ladder series included sprints and midgets. By the end of the 1960s, the cars evolved into rear-engine formula-style machines. Likewise, the feeder series began to follow the same mold. When USAC became the primary sanctioning body for top-level Indy car racing, the ladder of progression began to change.

USAC Mini Indy Series

The SCCA Super Vee and Formula Atlantic series were among the first formula-based ladder series. However, neither had any direct tie to USAC. In 1977, USAC started the "Mini-Indy" series, using Super Vee machines. The series ended after 1980 when USAC stopped sanctioning Indy car races outside of Indianapolis.

Following the end of the "Mini Indy" series, the driver pool in the early 1980s to CART and the Indy 500 was drawn in a somewhat unorganized fashion among Super Vees, Atlantics, SCCA, former Can-Am drivers, sprints, midgets, and even stock cars and off-road racing. In addition, a number of CART series drivers during the 1980s and early 1990s were former Formula 1 competitors, most of whom had climbed the European-based ladder series.

Original series (1986–2001)

Mark Smith racing an Indy Lights car at Phoenix International Raceway in 1991.

The original Indy Lights series was formed as an open-wheeled racing series that acted as a developmental circuit for CART from 1986 to 2001. It was founded in 1986 as the American Racing Series (ARS). The series was renamed Indy Lights in 1991. The CART-sanctioned series became widely popular and secured the title sponsorship of Firestone. Later, Firestone's subsidiary Dayton Tires took over as tire supplier and title sponsor.

A spec-series, CART Indy Lights used March chassis (essentially a modified 85B Formula 3000 chassis, renamed to Wildcat) from 1986 to 1992. In 1992 Lola became primary chassis constructor to the series, using a modified F3000 chassis. In 1997, a newly-updated and modern looking chassis was introduced, also based on an F3000 design. It would remain through 2001. Buick V6 engines were used for its entire existence.

The ARS/Indy Lights series' championship winners included two CART champions, two IndyCar Series champions, seven CCWS race-winners and two Formula One drivers.

The Indy Lights schedule closely followed that of the CART series, and typically had a gap of up to a month while the primary CART teams raced at the Indy 500. The races were usually held the morning of the CART series races, as an undercard event. In early years, the Indy Lights series skipped superspeedway races such as Michigan, but eventually found its way to race there. In some rare occasions, the Indy Lights ran at non-CART tracks, generally as a support race to a series other than CART. In 2001 Indy Lights ran at Road Atlanta the weekend of the Petit Le Mans, and ran at Kansas with the IRL.

The Lola T97/20 was the specified chassis used from 1997 to 2001. It is pictured here at a vintage racing event in 2016.

By the late 1990s and early 2000s, CART was suffering from financial problems. Meanwhile, in 1996, the rival Indy Racing League was formed. CART canceled the minor league outright after the 2001 season. By this time, the Toyota Atlantic series was equally effective in providing CART with new drivers. In addition, the Atlantics served as a springboard for such drivers as Greg Ray, Sam Hornish, Jr. and Richie Hearn to enter the IRL. The Atlantics effectively became CART's primary feeder system, and later became Champ Car World Series' official in-house feeder championship for a time.

Current series (2002–present)

The Infiniti Pro Series was re-founded by the Indy Racing League and began racing in 2002, the year after the CART-sanctioned Indy Lights series' demise. It was a spec series using a TWR (Tom Walkinshaw Racing) developed 3.5L version of the V8 engine used in the Infiniti Q45 combined with Dallara chassis producing 420 horsepower (310 kW). The series initially struggled to attract drivers and some races have had fewer than 10 entrants. However, with the introduction of a number of road-course races to the schedule in 2005, many of America's top prospects like Marco Andretti and Phil Giebler were attracted to the series to run part-time schedules on road courses. In 2006, a boost in prize money even further increased car counts to 16 or more, with an even six oval and six road course mix. The selected races being double races, and a stand-alone race (independent of the IndyCar Series) were scheduled on the USGP weekend.

Green flag for the 2008 Miami 100 at the Homestead-Miami Speedway.

The series was called the Menards Infiniti Pro Series (MIPS) until 2006 when both Menards and Nissan dropped their sponsorship of the series. It was then known as the Indy Pro Series. On March 26, 2008, the series announced a changing of names, when the historical records and proprietary information of Champ Car were acquired by the IRL. The series then became known as Firestone Indy Lights.

The centerpiece of the Indy Lights schedule is the Freedom 100, contested at Indianapolis Motor Speedway on the Friday prior to the Indianapolis 500. The series also held a support race for the U.S. Grand Prix, the Liberty Challenge, from 2005 to 2007. It was the series' only event that was not a support race to an IndyCar event.

On September 9, 2007, during the Chicagoland 100, Logan Gomez beat Alex Lloyd by 0.0005 seconds (approximately 1.65 inches (42 mm) at 188 mph) which reflects the closest recognized finish in the over century-long history of organized automobile racing throughout the world.[1] In 2008, the margin was established by the Guinness Book of World Records as the closest finish ever in a car race.[2]

On May 24, 2013, Peter Dempsey captured his first Indy Lights win in the Freedom 100 in the closest finish in Indianapolis Motor Speedway history (0.0026 secs) in a four-wide finish.[3]

In June 2013, it was announced that the series would be promoted by Andersen Promotions beginning in 2014.[4] with IndyCar sanctioning remaining. In August it was announced that Cooper Tire would replace Firestone as the official tire of the series in 2014.[5] This resulted in all three levels of the Road to Indy leading up to the IndyCar Series being promoted by Andersen and feature Cooper tires, beginning in 2014. The Andersen team implemented a number of cost-reducing updates to the chassis and engine package in 2014 and introduced a new chassis and engine combination in 2015. On October 31, 2013, the series announced that Dallara would be the manufacturer of the fourth-generation Indy Lights chassis and it would be named the Dallara IL-15.[6] On November 1, 2013 a new logo was unveiled for the Indy Lights series[7] On November 26 it was announced that the engine for the new package would be a 2.0L turbocharged MZR-R four cylinder engine, tuned to last a full season of competition and producing 450 horsepower, with push-to-pass offering an additional 50 horsepower.[8]

Indy Lights racing at 2019 Freedom 100.

As of 2019, per the Indy Lights official website, the Dallara IL-15 continues to be the chassis employed by the series, but engines are now provided by AER, Advanced Engines Research, modifying and tuning base 2.0 I-4 liter Mazda power plants turbocharged to provide the same power and push-to-pass capability of the former engines, with the added capability of longevity: the engines are designed and fabricated to run an entire season without a rebuild.

Specifications (2002–2014)

2008 Firestone Indy Lights car during testing at the Homestead-Miami Speedway.
  • Engine displacement: Nissan/Infiniti built by Speedway Motors 3.5 L (214 cu in) DOHC V8
  • Gearbox: 6-speed sequential manual transmission
  • Weight: 1,490 lb (676 kg) on ovals; 1,520 lb (689 kg) on road/street courses
  • Power output: 420 hp (313 kW)
  • Fuel: Sunoco 100 RON unleaded
  • Fuel capacity: 25 US gallons (95 litres)
  • Fuel delivery: Fuel injection
  • Aspiration: Naturally aspirated
  • Length: 191.5 in (4,864 mm)
  • Width: 75 in (1,905 mm)
  • Wheelbase: 117 in (2,972 mm)
  • Steering: Manual, rack and pinion
Dallara IL-15, driven by Matheus Leist in the 2017 Freedom 100

Specifications (2015–present)

  • Engine displacement: Mazda-AER P63 2.0 L (122 cu in) DOHC inline-4
  • Gearbox: 6-speed sequential semi-automatic gearbox
  • Weight: 1,400 lb (635 kg) excluding driver and fuel
  • Power output: 450 + 50 hp (336 + 37 kW) push-to-pass
  • Fuel: VP Racing Fuels 101 RON unleaded
  • Fuel delivery: Direct fuel injection
  • Aspiration: Single-turbocharged
  • Length: 192 in (4,877 mm)
  • Width: 76 in (1,930 mm)
  • Wheelbase: Undisclosed
  • Steering: Manual, rack and pinion

Champions

USAC Mini-Indy Series

Season Driver Chassis Engine
1977 Tom Bagley Zink Z11 Volkswagen
Herm Johnson Lola T324 Volkswagen
1978 Bill Alsup Argo JM2 Volkswagen
1979 Dennis Firestone March Volkswagen
1980 Peter Kuhn Ralt RT1/RT5 Volkswagen
  • 1977: Bagley and Johnson tied in the points and were declared co-champions.

Indy Lights

Season Driver Team Chassis Engine
CART American Racing Series
1986 Fabrizio Barbazza Arciero Racing March 86A Buick 3800 V6
1987 Didier Theys Truesports March 86A Buick 3800 V6
1988 Jon Beekhuis Enterprise Racing March 86A Buick 3800 V6
1989 Mike Groff Leading Edge Motorsport March 86A Buick 3800 V6
1990 Paul Tracy Landford Racing March 86A Buick 3800 V6
CART Firestone/PPG/Dayton Indy Lights Series
1991 Éric Bachelart Landford Racing March 86A Buick 3800 V6
1992 Robbie Buhl Leading Edge Motorsport March 86A Buick 3800 V6
1993 Bryan Herta Tasman Motorsports Lola T93/20 Buick 3800 V6
1994 Steve Robertson Tasman Motorsports Lola T93/20 Buick 3800 V6
1995 Greg Moore Forsythe Racing Lola T93/20 Buick 3800 V6
1996 David Empringham Forsythe Racing Lola T93/20 Buick 3800 V6
1997 Tony Kanaan Tasman Motorsports Lola T97/20 Buick 3800 V6
1998 Cristiano da Matta Tasman Motorsports Lola T97/20 Buick 3800 V6
1999 Oriol Servià Dorricott Racing Lola T97/20 Buick 3800 V6
2000 Scott Dixon PacWest Lights Lola T97/20 Buick 3800 V6
2001 Townsend Bell Dorricott Racing Lola T97/20 Buick 3800 V6
IRL Infiniti Pro Series
2002 A.J. Foyt IV A.J. Foyt Enterprises Dallara IP2 Infiniti VRH35
2003 Mark Taylor Panther Racing Dallara IP2 Infiniti VRH35
2004 Thiago Medeiros Sam Schmidt Motorsports Dallara IP2 Infiniti VRH35
2005 Wade Cunningham Brian Stewart Racing Dallara IP2 Infiniti VRH35
IRL Indy Pro Series
2006 Jay Howard Sam Schmidt Motorsports Dallara IP2 Nissan VRH35
2007 Alex Lloyd Sam Schmidt Motorsports Dallara IP2 Nissan VRH35
INDYCAR Indy Lights
2008 Raphael Matos AGRAFS Racing Dallara IP2 Nissan VRH35
2009 J. R. Hildebrand AGRAFS Racing Dallara IP2 Nissan VRH35
2010 Jean-Karl Vernay Sam Schmidt Motorsports Dallara IP2 Nissan VRH35
2011 Josef Newgarden Sam Schmidt Motorsports Dallara IP2 Nissan VRH35
2012 Tristan Vautier Sam Schmidt Motorsports Dallara IP2 Nissan VRH35
2013 Sage Karam Schmidt Peterson Motorsports Dallara IP2 Nissan VRH35
2014 Gabby Chaves 1 Belardi Auto Racing Dallara IP2 Nissan VRH35
2015 Spencer Pigot Juncos Racing Dallara IL-15 Mazda MZR-R
2016 Ed Jones Carlin Dallara IL-15 Mazda MZR-R
2017 Kyle Kaiser Juncos Racing Dallara IL-15 Mazda MZR-R
2018 Patricio O'Ward Andretti Autosport Dallara IL-15 Mazda MZR-R
2019 Oliver Askew Andretti Autosport Dallara IL-15 Mazda MZR-R
2020 Season cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic

1 Chaves and Jack Harvey (Schmidt Peterson Motorsports were tied in points and wins (4 each). Chaves won the title based on more second-place finishes (5 vs 1).

Indy Lights Graduates who have competed in the IndyCar Series or Champ Car

a denotes driver who has won an IndyCar Series event.
b denotes driver who has won an IndyCar Series championship.
c denotes driver who has won an Indianapolis 500.
d denotes driver who has won a CART/Champ Car event.
e denotes driver who has won a CART/Champ Car World Series championship.

gollark: This is fearsome, yes.
gollark: https://www.pnas.org/content/119/8/e2120481119
gollark: Well, yes.
gollark: You did, yes.
gollark: Maybe I should add baidicoot at some point. Oh well.

See also

References

  1. "To the fourth degree". IndyCar.com. 2007-09-13. Retrieved 2007-09-14.
  2. "Closest finish recognized as world record". IndyCar.com. 2008-03-04. Retrieved 2008-03-04.
  3. Marot, Michael. Indianapolis Motor Speedway With Historic Final Lap, Huffington Post, 24 May 2013, Retrieved 2013-05-24
  4. Andersen Promotions to take over Indy Lights, Racer, June 20, 2013, Retrieved 2013-10-22
  5. Cooper Tires Named Official Tire Of New Indy Lights Series, Performance Racing Industry, August 22, 2013, Retrieved 2013-10-22
  6. DiZinno, Tony. No surprise: Indy Lights confirms Dallara for new 2015 chassis, NBC Sports, October 31, 2013, Retrieved 2013-10-31
  7. new logo image
  8. Pruett, Marshall. Indy Lights series selects 2015 engine supplier, Racer, November 26, 2013, Retrieved 2013-11-26
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