Ibn Majah

Abū ʻAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Yazīd Ibn Mājah al-Rabʻī al-Qazwīnī (Arabic: ابو عبد الله محمد بن يزيد بن ماجه الربعي القزويني‎; fl. 9th century CE) commonly known as Ibn Mājah, was a medieval scholar of hadith of Persian[1] origin. He compiled the last of Sunni Islam's six canonical hadith collections, Sunan Ibn Mājah.[2][3]

Abū ʻAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Yazīd Ibn Mājah al-Rabʻī al-Qazwīnī
TitleIbn Mājah
Personal
Born824 CE
Qazvin
Died887 (or 889) CE
ReligionIslam
EthnicityPersian
EraIslamic golden age
DenominationSunni
Notable work(s)Sunan Ibn Mājah, Kitāb at-Tafsīr and Kitāb at-Tārīkh

Biography
A map of present-day Iran showing the location of Qazwin, the place of birth and death of Ibn Mājah

Ibn Mājah was born in Qazwin, the modern-day Iranian province of Qazvin, in 824 CE/209 AH[2] to a family who were clients (mawla) of the Rabīʻah tribe.[4] Mājah was the nickname of his father, and not that of his grandfather nor was it his mother's name, contrary to those claiming this. The hāʼ at the end is un-voweled whether in stopping upon its pronunciation or continuing because it a non-Arabic name.[4]

He left his hometown to travel the Islamic world visiting Iraq, Makkah, the Levant and Egypt. He studied under Ibn Abi Shaybah (through whom came over a quarter of al-Sunan), Muḥammad ibn ʻAbdillāh ibn Numayr, Jubārah ibn al-Mughallis, Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mundhir al-Ḥizāmī, ʻAbdullāh ibn Muʻāwiyah, Hishām ibn ʻAmmār, Muḥammad ibn Rumḥ, Dāwūd ibn Rashīd and others from their era. Abū Yaʻlā al-Khalīlī praised Ibn Mājah as "reliable (thiqah), prominent, agreed upon, a religious authority, possessing knowledge and the capability to memorize."[2]

According to al-Dhahabī, Ibn Mājah died on approximately February 19, 887 CE/with eight days remaining of the month of Ramadan, 273 AH,[2] or, according to al-Kattānī, in either 887/273 or 889/275.[4] He died in Qazwin.[4]

What he compiled/did Al-Dhahabī mentioned the following of Ibn Mājah's works:[2]

  • Sunan Ibn Mājah: one of the six canonical collections of hadith
  • Kitāb al-Tafsīr: a book of Qur'an exegesis
  • Kitāb al-Tārīkh: a book of history or, more likely, a listing of hadith transmitters

The Sunan
Main article: Sunan ibn Majah

The Sunan consists of 1,500 chapters and about 4,000 hadith.[2] Upon completing it, he read it to Abu Zur’a al-Razi, a hadith authority of his time, who commented, "I think that were people to get their hands on this, the other collections, or most of them, would be rendered obsolete."[2]

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References
  1. Frye, ed. by R.N. (1975). The Cambridge history of Iran (Repr. ed.). London: Cambridge U.P. p. 471. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  2. al-Dhahabi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (1957). al-Mu`allimi (ed.). Tadhkirat al-Huffaz (in Arabic). 2. Hyderabad: Da`irat al-Ma`arif al-`Uthmaniyyah. p. 636.
  3. Ludwig W. Adamec (2009), Historical Dictionary of Islam, p.139. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810861615.
  4. al-Kattani, Muhammah ibn Ja`far (2007). Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Kattani (ed.). al-Risalah al-Mustatrafah (in Arabic) (seventh ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Bashair al-Islamiyyah. p. 12.

Further reading
  • Suhaib Hasan Abdul Ghaffar, Criticism of Hadith among Muslims with reference to Sunan Ibn Maja, Presidency of Islamic Research, IFTA and Propagation: Riyadh 1984. ISBN 0-907461-56-5.
  • Brown, Jonathan A. C. ‘The canonization of Ibn Mâjah: authenticity vs. utility in the formation of the Sunni ḥadîth canon’. Pages 169–81 in Écriture de l’histoire et processus de canonisation dans les premiers siècles de l’islam. Directed by Antoine Borrut. Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée 129. Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires de Provence, 2011.
  • Robson, James. 'The Transmission of Ibn Majah's "Sunan"', Journal of Semitic studies 3 (1958): 129–41.
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