IRNSS-1A

IRNSS-1A is the first navigational satellite in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites been placed in geosynchronous orbit.[1][2]

IRNSS-1A
Mission typeNavigation
OperatorISRO
COSPAR ID2013-034A
SATCAT no.39199
Mission duration10 years
Spacecraft properties
BusI-1K
ManufacturerISRO Satellite Centre
Space Applications Centre
Launch mass1,425 kilograms (3,142 lb)
Dry mass614 kilograms (1,354 lb)[1]
Power1,660 watts
Start of mission
Launch date1 July 2013, 18:11 UTC (2013-07-01UTC18:11Z)
RocketPSLV-XL C22
Launch siteSatish Dhawan FLP
ContractorISRO
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric
RegimeGeosynchronous
Longitude55° E
Perigee altitude35,706.1 km (22,186.7 mi)[1]
Apogee altitude35,882.7 km (22,296.5 mi)[1]
Inclination29.3°[1]
Period1436.1 minutes[1]
Epoch22 January 2015, 16:27:41 UTC[1]
 

Satellite

The satellite has been developed at a cost of ₹1.25 billion (US$18 million),[3][4] and was launched on 1 July 2013. It will provide IRNSS services to the Indian public, which would be a system similar to Global Positioning System (GPS) but only for India and the region around it.[5]

Each IRNSS satellite has two payloads: a navigation payload and CDMA ranging payload in addition with a laser retro-reflector. The payload generates navigation signals at L5 and S-band. The design of the payload makes the IRNSS system inter-operable and compatible with GPS and Galileo.[6] The satellite is powered by two solar arrays, which generate power up to 1,660 watts, and has a lifetime of ten years.[1]

Launch

The satellite was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) on 1 July 2013 at 11:41 PM (IST).[7] The launch was postponed from its initial launch date of 26 June 2013 due to a technical snag in the 2nd stage of the PSLV-C22 launch rocket.[8] ISRO then replaced the faulty component in the rocket and rescheduled the launch to 1 July 2013 at 11:43 p.m.[9][10]

Scientists from the German Aerospace Centre (DLR)'s Institute of Communications and Navigation in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, have received signals from IRNSS-1A. On 23 July 2013, the German Aerospace Center scientists pointed their 30-meter dish antenna at Weilheim towards the satellite and found that it was already transmitting a signal in the L5 frequency band.[11]

Failure

The three Rubidium atomic clocks on-board IRNSS-1A failed, with the first failure occurring in July 2016. ISRO planned to replace it with IRNSS-1H, in August 2017, but this failed to separate from the launch vehicle, [12][13] but on 12 April 2018, ISRO launched successfully IRNSS-1I as a replacement for IRNSS-1A.[14]

The cause of failure was traced to one of the feed through capacitor carrying the DC supply to the physics package of clock, malfunctioning due to excessive rise in temperature.[15]

gollark: It isn't exactly very safe or performant, though.
gollark: I don't want to do that, but you could if you wanted to.
gollark: Or that.
gollark: Hook up its memory cells to real memory space?
gollark: So not really.

See also
  • Communication-Centric Intelligence Satellite (CCI-Sat)
  • GPS-aided geo-augmented navigation (GAGAN)
  • Satellite navigation

References
  1. "IRNSS-1A Satellite details 2013-034A NORAD 39199". N2YO. 22 January 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  2. "IRNSS". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
  3. "India's first ever dedicated navigation satellite launched". DNA India. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  4. "India's first dedicated navigation satellite placed in orbit". NDTV. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  5. "Planned Satellite Launches in 2013". satlaunch.net. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  6. "IRNSS". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  7. "India launches its first navigation satellite". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  8. "Technical snag puts off satellite launch: ISRO". SGP. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
  9. "PSLV-C22/IRNSS-1A Mission Status". ISRO. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  10. S Giri Prasad (14 June 2013). "Indian equivalent of the GPS satellite". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  11. "Indian Regional Navigation Satellite Starts Signal Transmissions". GPS World. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  12. D.S., Madhumathi. "Atomic clocks on indigenous navigation satellite develop snag". The Hindu. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
  13. "Questions: Loksabha- Q.No. 1112 Answered on: 08.02.2017".
  14. "PSLV-C41/IRNSS-1I Mission".
  15. "Launching of Replacement Navigation Satellite". pib.nic.in. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
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