Dolichoderus

Dolichoderus
Temporal range: Early Eocene – Recent
Dolichoderus mariae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Dolichoderinae
Tribe: Dolichoderini
Genus: Dolichoderus
Lund, 1831
Type species
Formica attelaboides[1]
Diversity[2]
178 species
Synonyms

Acanthoclinea Wheeler, 1935 Diceratoclinea Wheeler, 1935 Hypoclinea Mayr, 1855 Karawajewella Donisthorpe, 1944 Monacis Roger, 1862 Monoceratoclinea Wheeler, 1935

Dolichoderus is a genus of ants found worldwide.

Taxonomy

The ants of the Neotropical genus Monacis were revised in 1959 by Kempf. However, Brown in 1973 and G. C. Wheeler and J. Wheeler in 1973 and 1976 considered both Monacis and Hypoclinea to be junior synonyms of Dolichoderus.[3]

Description

The type species is Dolichoderus attelaboides. Worker ants in this genus have a body length that is typically about four millimetres and can be recognised by their thick, inflexible and strongly sculptured integument. There is a flange on the underside of the head near the base of the mandibles which is saw-like in some species. The longitudinal suture in the central plate of the metathorax is deeply impressed. The propodeum or first abdominal segment has the posterior face distinctly concave when viewed from the side.[4] The gaster and alitrunk are separated by a single segment, the petiole. The orifice of the cloaca is a horizontal slit rather than a circular opening. It is surrounded by a few rather stiff erect bristles.[5]

Distribution

Members of this genus are found worldwide, in all the continents except Antarctica.[4]

Biology

Colonies are of varying sizes and are constructed in the soil, in curled leaves, in the hollow stems of plants and in cartons which are formed by the ants chewing wood and mixing the product with secretions in a similar way to that used by wasps to build their nests. Some species are very versatile with Dolichoderus pustulatus nesting underground in northern parts of the United States while living wholly in trees in the south.[5] The workers seek out and tend sap-sucking insects such as aphids and scale insects that excrete honeydew and they also feed on small arthropods. Some species emit a pungent smelling fluid. Two species, Dolichoderus plagiatus and Dolichoderus taschenbergi, are believed to be polygynous with several queens in one nest. It is also possible that D. taschenbergi may be a temporary social parasite with D. plagiatus as host.[4]

Species
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References
  1. "Genus: Dolichoderus". antweb.org. AntWeb. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  2. Bolton, B. (2014). "Dolichoderus". AntCat. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  3. Notes on the ant genus Hypoclinea, Mayr, with descriptions of three new species
  4. Online Catalog of the North American Ants Archived August 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  5. Identification and nesting sites of North American species of Dolichoderus
  6. Dlussky, G.M.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Perfilieva, K.S. (2015). "The Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Bol'shaya Svetlovodnaya (Late Eocene of Sikhote-Alin, Russian Far East)" (PDF). Caucasian Entomological Bulletin. 11 (1): 131–152.
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