Hugo Rietveld

Hugo M. Rietveld (7 March 1932 – 16 July 2016[1][2]) was a Dutch crystallographer who is famous for his publication on the full profile refinement method in powder diffraction, which became later known as the Rietveld refinement method. The method is used for the characterisation of crystalline materials from X-ray powder diffraction data. The Rietveld refinement uses a least squares approach to refine a theoretical line profile (calculated from a known or postulated crystal structure) until it matches the measured profile. The introduction of this technique which used the full profile instead of individual reflections was a significant step forward in the diffraction analysis of powder samples.

Biography

After completing Grammar School in the Netherlands he moved to Australia and studied physics at the University of Western Australia in Perth. In 1964 he obtained his PhD degree with a thesis entitled "The Structure of p-Diphenylbenzene and Other Compounds", a single crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction study. This investigation was the first single crystal neutron diffraction study in Australia and was conducted at the High Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR) in Sydney.

In 1964 he became a research officer at the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland, ECN) in Petten, where he worked together with Bert Loopstra and Bob van Laar on the structure solution and refinement of uranates and other ceramic compounds using neutron powder diffraction. In 1967 he implemented the full profile refinement method in a computer program, which he published in his 1969 citation classic.[3] This innovation, however, was only slowly adopted by the community, and so Rietveld in 1974 chose to become head of the library department at Petten.[4] He stayed at ECN until he retired in 1992.

Awards
  • The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded Hugo M. Rietveld, the Aminoff prize in Stockholm, 31 March 1995.
  • Barrett Award on behalf of the Denver X-ray Conference Organizing Committee in Denver, U.S., 6 August 2003.
  • The Royal Award of Officer in the Order of Oranje-Nassau, for his outstanding contribution to the field of chemistry. Alkmaar, Netherlands, 28 October 2004.
  • Award for Distinguished Powder Diffractionists, awarded by The European Diffraction Conferences, handed out on 30 August 2010 in Darmstadt.
  • Hans-Kühl-Medal 2010, awarded by Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh), Fachgruppe Bauchemie, handed out on 7 October 2010 in Dortmund.
gollark: Quite a lot.
gollark: > The Planck time is the unique combination of the gravitational constant G, the special-relativistic constant c, and the quantum constant ħ, to produce a constant with dimension of time. Because the Planck time comes from dimensional analysis, which ignores constant factors, there is no reason to believe that exactly one unit of Planck time has any special physical significance. Rather, the Planck time represents a rough time scale at which quantum gravitational effects are likely to become important. This essentially means that while smaller units of time can exist, they are so small their effect on our existence is negligible. The nature of those effects, and the exact time scale at which they would occur, would need to be derived from an actual theory of quantum gravity.
gollark: Oh, no, never mind, that's not it.
gollark: ... you mean the Planck time or something?
gollark: Actually, picolightyears sounds better as light picoyears.

References
  1. Hewat, Alan; David, William I. F.; van Eijck, Lambert (2016). "Hugo Rietveld (1932–2016)". Journal of Applied Crystallography. 49 (4): 1394–1395. doi:10.1107/S1600576716012061. ISSN 1600-5767.
  2. http://www.familieberichtenopinternet.nl/personen/2e01/2016_07_16/dr_hugo_m_rietveld
  3. Rietveld, H. M. (2 June 1969). "A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures". Journal of Applied Crystallography. International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). 2 (2): 65–71. doi:10.1107/s0021889869006558. ISSN 0021-8898.
  4. Obituary Hugo Rietveld (1932–2016), loc. cit.

Further reading
  • Young, R. A. (Ed.). (1993). The Rietveld method (Vol. 6). Oxford. Oxford University Press.
  • Rietveld, H. M. (1967). Line profiles of neutron powder-diffraction peaks for structure refinement. Acta Crystallographica, 22(1), 151-152.
  • Rietveld, H.M. (1969). A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2(2), 65-71.
  • Rietveld, H. M. (2010). The Rietveld method: a retrospection. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie Crystalline Materials, 225(12), 545-547 doi:10.1524/zkri.2010.1356.
  • Rietveld, H. M. (2014). The Rietveld method. Physica Scripta, 89(9), 098002. doi:10.1088/0031-8949/89/9/098002
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