Hooded robin

The hooded robin (Melanodryas cucullata) is a small passerine bird native to Australia. Like many brightly coloured robins of the Petroicidae, it is sexually dimorphic; the male bearing distinctive black and white plumage, while the female is a nondescript grey-brown.

Hooded robin
male
female
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Petroicidae
Genus:	Melanodryas
Species:	M. cucullata
Binomial name
Melanodryas cucullata (Latham, 1801)

Taxonomy

Like all Australian robins, it is not closely related to either the European robin or the American robin, but belongs rather to the Corvida parvorder comprising many tropical and Australian passerines, including pardalotes, fairy-wrens, and honeyeaters, as well as crows. Initially thought to be related to Old World flycatchers, it was described as Muscicapa cucullata by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801.[2] Later described as Grallina bicolor by Nicholas Aylward Vigors and Thomas Horsfield,[3] it was later placed in the genus Petroica for many years before being transferred to Melanodryas.[4]

The generic name melanodryas derives from the Greek melas 'black' and dryas 'wood-nymph'. The specific name cucullata derives from Late Latin cucullatus meaning 'hooded'.[5]

Description

The hooded robin is around 16 cm (6 in) in length. The male has a distinctive pied coloration; with a black head and neck ("hood"), white chest and underparts, and black wings with white wing-bars. The eyes, bill, and feet are also black. The female is an undistinguished grey-brown above, with a pale grey throat and paler underneath, and dark brown wings and white wing-bars. Juveniles are similar to females.[6]

Distribution

It is found across the Australian continent, though not in Cape York nor Tasmania; its natural habitat is Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation.

Breeding

Breeding season is July to November with one or two broods raised. The nest is a neat cup made of soft, dry grass and bark. Spider webs, feathers, and fur are used for binding/filling, generally in a tree crevice, hollow or fork. The clutch generally consists of two pale olive- or bluish-green eggs, with darker spots and blotches, measuring 21mm x 16 mm.[7]

Conservation status

Hooded robins are not listed as threatened on the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. However, their conservation status varies from state to state within Australia. For example:

• The hooded robin is listed as threatened on the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988).[8] Under this Act, an Action Statement for the recovery and future management of this species has not yet been prepared.[9]
• On the 2013 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, the hooded robin is listed as near threatened.[10]

References

1. BirdLife International (2017). "Melanodryas cucullata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
2. Latham, John (1801). Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae (in Latin). London: Leigh & Sotheby. p. li.
3. Vigors, N.A.; Horsfield, T. (1827). "A description of the Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities (Part 1)". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 15 (1): 170–331 [233]. The title page of the issue has the year 1826.
4. Mayr, Ernst (1986). "Family Eopsaltriidae, Australasian robins". In Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William (eds.). Check-list of Birds of the World, Volume 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 566.
5. Jobling, James A. "Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird-names". Retrieved 2020-04-07.
6. Simpson K, Day N, Trusler P (1993). Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. Ringwood, Victoria: Viking O'Neil. p. 392. ISBN 0-670-90478-3.
7. Beruldsen, G (2003). Australian Birds: Their Nests and Eggs. Kenmore Hills, Qld: self. p. 337. ISBN 0-646-42798-9.
8. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria Archived 2005-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
9. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria Archived 2006-09-11 at the Wayback Machine
10. DELWP (2013), Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria: 2013 (PDF), Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning