Hazelton, British Columbia

Hazelton is a village located at the junction of the Bulkley and Skeena Rivers in northern British Columbia, Canada. It was founded in 1866 and has a population of 305 (2011). The nearby larger community of New Hazelton is the northernmost point of the Yellowhead Highway, a major interprovincial highway which runs from Prince Rupert, British Columbia to Portage la Prairie, Manitoba.

Hazelton
Village
The Corporation of the Village of Hazelton[1]
Village of Hazelton Municipal Office
Location of Hazelton in British Columbia
Hazelton, British Columbia (Canada)
Coordinates: 55°15′21″N 127°40′32″W
CountryCanada
ProvinceBritish Columbia
Regional districtKitimat-Stikine
Government
 • TypeMunicipal corporation
 • MayorDennis Sterritt
Area
 • Total2.80 km2 (1.08 sq mi)
Elevation
305 m (1,001 ft)
Population
 (2016)
 • Total313
 • Density110/km2 (290/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−08:00 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−07:00 (PDT)
WebsiteOfficial website

The Hazelton area comprises two municipalities (the Village of Hazelton and District of New Hazelton), three unincorporated settlements (South Hazelton, Two Mile and the Kispiox Valley), four First Nations’ villages: three of which are of the Gitxsan people (Gitanmaax, Glen Vowell and Kispiox) and one of the Wetʼsuwetʼen people - (Hagwilget).

First Nations history

The Hazeltons are home to the Gitxsan and Wet'suwet'en First Nations.

Old Hazelton and Two Mile
Hazelton Hospital 1911
Main article: Steamboats of the Skeena River

Hazelton is one of the oldest settlements in northern British Columbia; its European settlement dates back to 1866 when the Collins Overland telegraph went through.[4] Hazelton was the original gateway and staging area for the Omineca Gold Rush of 1869-73. Besides the hunt for riches, there was one other important reason to visit: it had the only proper hospital for hundreds of miles in any direction. One of its other, less appreciated, distinctions was in having dozens of roaming, foraging and howling sled dogs, as nearly everyone had their own team and many were allowed to run free. Transportation options got better in 1891 when the Hudson's Bay Company’s sternwheeler Caledonia arrived from Port Essington. Being the head of navigation on the Skeena, Hazelton was to play host to more than a dozen sternwheelers throughout the next twenty-two years.

Two Mile was a community two miles out of Hazelton. During the gold rush and rail construction, it was home to a stopping house and a prosperous red-light district.

Soon after 1868 Thomas Hankin, father of Constance Cox marked out a town site at confluence of the Skeena River and the Bulkley River. He named it Hazelton because of the large number of hazelnuts ripening at the time.[5]:109

New Hazelton and South Hazelton
The Bulkley River (left) flowing into the Skeena River (right) near 'Ksan
Omineca Street

When it was announced in 1903 that the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway would be coming through near Hazelton, another flurry of excitement erupted and hundreds of settlers poured into the district, buying whatever land they could get a hold of. Everyone was certain there was a fortune to be made and Hazelton was widely advertised as the "Spokane of Canada". What made Hazelton even more attractive was her mines, the Silver Standard, and the Rocher de Boule. In 1911, two rival town-sites, Robert Kelly’s New Hazelton and the Grand Trunk Pacific’s South Hazelton, both came into existence and competed to sell the most lots. Thus, the original Hazelton was called "Old" and together they became known as the "Three Hazeltons". Where the railway station would be built was an issue for many years until both South and New Hazelton received one.

The first car in Hazelton 1911
First car in Hazelton

The first car, a Flanders 20, arrived in Hazelton on the evening of October 4, 1911. It came from Seattle. It did not arrive by rail, which wouldn't be completed from Prince Rupert until 1912, nor did it come in by sternwheeler. It was brought in overland from Seattle. None of the people in town believed that story, as it was nearly impossible to walk into Hazelton overland in 1911, much less drive. The next day everyone went to go see the car where it was parked in front of the Hazelton Hotel and questioned the owner, PE Sands, on how he had accomplished the feat. At a banquet held in his honour later that evening, Sands revealed his secret. He had brought along a mechanic and they had often had to disassemble the car and load it onto mules. Clearly they'd had enough of doing that by the time they reached Hazelton. They packed the car up on a sternwheeler and went to Skeena Crossing (Gitsegukla) where the car was loaded on the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway for the trip to Prince Rupert. There the car was loaded on a coastal steamer for the trip back to Seattle. At a banquet given in Seattle by the Pacific Highway Association in November, he was presented with the Challoner & Mitchell trophy, a solid 14 ct. gold medallion in the shape a small wheel, now owned by the Village of Hazelton. The automobile is now on display at the Kittitas County Historical Museum in Ellensburg, Washington.

The Union Bank robberies of 1913 and 1914
Main article: New Hazelton § Union Bank robberies of 1913 and 1914
Union Bank of Canada

In November 1913, the Union Bank at New Hazelton was robbed by gunmen. In the commission of the crime, a young bank teller by the name of Jock McQueen was mortally wounded. Even though a posse was swiftly formed to go after them, the bandits got away with $16,000, a great deal of money in those days. The second robbery occurred on April 7, 1914, already a red letter day for the area as the last spike of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway was being driven 180 mi (290 km) away in Fort Fraser. Little did anyone know that an equally historic event was about to happen right there in New Hazelton, one that would be remembered in hundreds of Canadian history books. Luckily, someone was there with a camera. Those pictures would become among the most famous of that era in British Columbia.

Climate

Hazelton has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb).[6] Winters are cold but are milder than what the latitude may suggest, owing to Pacific air masses. The average temperature in January is −8.9 °C (16.0 °F) and from December to February, there are an average of 32 days where the maximum temperature reaches or surpasses freezing.[7] However, Arctic air masses can push temperatures below −30.0 °C (−22.0 °F), occurring on average three days per year.[7] The average annual snowfall is 185 cm (72.8 in). Summers are warm, with a July daytime high of 23.3 °C (73.9 °F) although night time temperatures are cool, with a July low of 9.1 °C (48.4 °F). In an average summer, there are seven days where the temperature exceeds 30 °C (86.0 °F).[7] The average annual precipitation is 614 mm (24 in), with March and April being the driest months and October through January being the wetter months.[7] The record high was 36.7 °C (98.1 °F) on August 20, 1977 and the record low was −40.5 °C (−40.9 °F) on January 8, 1991.[7]

Climate data for Hazelton
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 8.9
(48.0)		 11.0
(51.8)		 17.0
(62.6)		 26.7
(80.1)		 32.5
(90.5)		 34.5
(94.1)		 36.0
(96.8)		 36.7
(98.1)		 32.2
(90.0)		 21.5
(70.7)		 12.5
(54.5)		 8.0
(46.4)		 36.7
(98.1)
Average high °C (°F) −5.4
(22.3)		 0.1
(32.2)		 6.7
(44.1)		 13.2
(55.8)		 17.5
(63.5)		 21.0
(69.8)		 23.3
(73.9)		 23.0
(73.4)		 17.2
(63.0)		 9.6
(49.3)		 0.6
(33.1)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 10.2
(50.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −8.9
(16.0)		 −4.5
(23.9)		 0.9
(33.6)		 6.2
(43.2)		 10.5
(50.9)		 13.8
(56.8)		 16.3
(61.3)		 15.9
(60.6)		 11.5
(52.7)		 5.5
(41.9)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 −7.1
(19.2)		 4.8
(40.6)
Average low °C (°F) −12.3
(9.9)		 −9.2
(15.4)		 −4.9
(23.2)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 3.4
(38.1)		 6.7
(44.1)		 9.1
(48.4)		 8.7
(47.7)		 5.8
(42.4)		 1.3
(34.3)		 −5.1
(22.8)		 −10.0
(14.0)		 −0.6
(30.9)
Record low °C (°F) −40.5
(−40.9)		 −35.0
(−31.0)		 −30.0
(−22.0)		 −11.1
(12.0)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 −1.1
(30.0)		 0.0
(32.0)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 −4.0
(24.8)		 −22.0
(−7.6)		 −32.5
(−26.5)		 −39.0
(−38.2)		 −40.5
(−40.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 69.2
(2.72)		 37.2
(1.46)		 24.2
(0.95)		 27.2
(1.07)		 41.9
(1.65)		 52.6
(2.07)		 48.9
(1.93)		 49.0
(1.93)		 60.9
(2.40)		 74.7
(2.94)		 64.6
(2.54)		 63.7
(2.51)		 613.9
(24.17)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 11.7
(0.46)		 13.4
(0.53)		 13.2
(0.52)		 24.9
(0.98)		 41.9
(1.65)		 52.6
(2.07)		 48.9
(1.93)		 49.0
(1.93)		 60.9
(2.40)		 71.9
(2.83)		 29.4
(1.16)		 11.5
(0.45)		 429.1
(16.89)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 57.5
(22.6)		 23.8
(9.4)		 11.0
(4.3)		 2.3
(0.9)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 2.8
(1.1)		 35.1
(13.8)		 52.2
(20.6)		 184.7
(72.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 14.9 11.1 9.8 11.2 14.2 14.1 13.5 13.4 16.1 18.2 16.0 14.5 167.0
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 3.7 4.5 6.5 10.7 14.2 14.1 13.5 13.4 16.1 17.8 8.4 3.4 126.3
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 12.3 7.7 4.4 0.75 0 0 0 0 0 0.92 9.5 12.7 48.2
Source: Environment Canada[7]

Notable people
Cataline's Mule Train at Hazelton

Attractions

Special events
  • Kispiox Valley Rodeo is held the first weekend in June,
  • Kispiox Valley Music Festival is held the last weekend of July.
  • Pioneer Day takes place on the second Saturday of August.
  • Gitxsan Cultural Days takes place on the third weekend in August.

Book references
  • The Far Land, Eva MacLean ISBN 0-920576-41-9
  • The Skeena River of Destiny, Dr. RG Large ISBN 1-895811-19-8
  • Pioneer Legacy Chronicles of the Lower Skeena River, Norma Bennet ISBN 0-9683026-0-2
  • A Thousand Blunders, the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway and Northern British Columbia, Frank Leonard ISBN 0-7748-0532-3
  • Barner, A. Surgeon of the Skeena : a brief résumé of the life and work of Rev. Horace C. Wrinch, M.D., D.D., Hazelton, B.C. The Committee on Missionary Education, The Literature Dept., Woman’s Missionary Society : [and] the United Church of Canada, [194?]
  • "The unmasking of Ksan", Eric Wilson ISBN 0-00-223182-4

Musical references
gollark: Clearly, people find conveniently getting water in a form they can carry better than just carrying a reusable water bottle around somehow.
gollark: Since most restaurants will let you get a glass or whatever of free tap water here.
gollark: Bottled water is really weird. I figure you're paying for convenience mostly.
gollark: I don't actually treat second hand reports of Facebook comments as a reliable source.
gollark: On the buying watery land thing. Not your opinions on lawn maintenance.

See also

Notes
  1. "British Columbia Regional Districts, Municipalities, Corporate Name, Date of Incorporation and Postal Address" (XLS). British Columbia Ministry of Communities, Sport and Cultural Development. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
  2. Village of Hazelton. "Village council". Archived from the original on 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
  3. Statistics Canada (2006). "Hazelton Community Profile". 2006 Census. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
  4. OurBC.com. "Hazelton". Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  5. Akrigg, G.P.V.; Akrigg, Helen B. (1986), British Columbia Place Names (3rd, 1997 ed.), Vancouver: UBC Press, ISBN 0-7748-0636-2
  6. Kottek, M.; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated" (PDF). Meteorol. Z. 15 (3): 259–263. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
  7. "Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000". Environment Canada. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
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