Hakodate Main Line

The Hakodate Main Line (函館本線, Hakodate-honsen) is a railway line connecting the cities of Hakodate and Asahikawa via Sapporo in Hokkaido, Japan. It is one of the trunk lines operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido). The Sawara Line, a 35 km loop line from Ōnuma to Mori opened in 1945, is included as part of the Hakodate Main Line.

Hakodate Main Line
A local train running along the coast, near Asari Station in Otaru
Overview
Type	Regional rail
Locale	Hokkaido
Termini	Hakodate Asahikawa
Operation
Owner	JR Hokkaido
Technical
Line length	423.1 km (262.9 mi)
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Electrification	20 kV AC (Hakodate to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto, Otaru to Asahikawa)
Operating speed	130 km/h (80 mph)
Route map

The Sapporo—Minami-Otaru section was the first railway line opened in Hokkaido (including the Minami-Otaru - Temiya Line to the Otaru Port). The line was extended as the first to connect to Hakodate, though today all Sapporo—Hakodate direct passenger and freight services travel via the Chitose and Muroran lines until rejoining the Hakodate line at Oshamambe Station.

The Hokkaido Shinkansen route north of Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto approximately parallels the route of the Hakodate Main Line, with stations proposed to be built at Shin-Yakumo, Oshamambe, Kutchan, Shin-Otaru and Sapporo.

Train services

Rapid Hakodate Liner

Limited express Super Kamui

Rapid

Special Rapid Airport[1]

Sapporo - Shiroishi - New Chitose Airport

Rapid Airport

Otaru/Teine/Sapporo - Shiroishi - New Chitose Airport

Niseko Liner

Rankoshi/Kutchan - Sapporo

Hakodate Liner

Hakodate - Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto

Limited express

Hokuto[1]

Hakodate - Oshamambe - Higashi-Muroran - (Shiroishi) - Sapporo

Until the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen, these services usually operated on the 1966 built Nanae to Ōnuma section, bypassing (then) Oshima-Ono and Niyama. Now that Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto (formerly Oshima-Ono) is the major connection between the Hokkaido Shinkansen and zairaisen (local line) services on the Hakodate Main Line, these services have been re-routed accordingly.

Kamui, [1] Lilac[1]

Sapporo - Asahikawa

Sōya[1]

Sapporo - Asahikawa - Wakkanai

Okhotsk[1]

Sapporo - Asahikawa - Abashiri

Former Overnight Express services

Until the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen, the following sleeping car services operated;

Hokutosei, Cassiopeia

Ueno - (Goryōkaku) - Hakodate - Oshamambe - Higashi-Muroran - (Shiroishi) - Sapporo

Twilight Express

Osaka - (Goryōkaku) - Oshamambe - Higashi-Muroran - (Shiroishi) - Sapporo

Hamanasu

Aomori - (Goryōkaku) - Hakodate - Oshamambe - Higashi-Muroran - (Shiroishi) - Sapporo

Station list

Hakodate to Otaru

H: Rapid Hakodate Liner

N: Rapid Niseko Liner

Trains stop at stations marked "+", skip at stations marked "-".

Station			Distance (km)	H	N	Transfers	Location
H75	Hakodate	函館	0.0	+		Hakodate City Tram: ■ Route 2 ■ Route 5 (Main Line and Ōmori Line, at Hakodate-Ekimae)	Hakodate
H74	Goryōkaku	五稜郭	3.4	+		South Hokkaido Railway
H73	Kikyō	桔梗	8.3	-
H72	Ōnakayama	大中山	10.4	-			Nanae, Kameda
H71	Nanae	七飯	13.8	-
H70	Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto	新函館北斗	17.9	+		Hokkaido Shinkansen	Hokuto
H69	Niyama	仁山	21.2				Nanae, Kameda
H68	Ōnuma	大沼	27.0			■ Hakodate Main Line Branch (Sawara Line)
H67	Ōnuma-Kōen	大沼公園	28.0
H66	Akaigawa	赤井川	31.7				Mori, Kayabe
H65	Komagatake	駒ヶ岳	36.5
H62	Mori	森	49.5			■ Hakodate Main Line Branch (Sawara Line)
H61	Katsuragawa	桂川	52.2
H60	Ishiya	石谷	56.1
H59	Hon-Ishikura	本石倉	60.0
H58	Ishikura	石倉	62.1
H57	Otoshibe	落部	66.1				Yakumo, Futami
H56	Nodaoi	野田生	71.4
H55	Yamakoshi	山越	76.6
H54	Yakumo	八雲	81.1
H52	Yamasaki	山崎	88.3
H51	Kuroiwa	黒岩	94.4
H49	Kunnui	国縫	102.8
H48	Nakanosawa	中ノ沢	107.7				Oshamambe, Yamakoshi
H47	Oshamambe	長万部	112.3			■ Muroran Main Line
S32	Futamata	二股	120.9
S30	Kuromatsunai	黒松内	132.3				Kuromatsunai, Suttsu
S29	Neppu	熱郛	140.4
S28	Mena	目名	155.8				Rankoshi, Isoya
S27	Rankoshi	蘭越	163.4		+
S26	Konbu	昆布	170.3		+
S25	Niseko	ニセコ	179.6		+		Niseko, Abuta
S24	Hirafu	比羅夫	186.6		+		Kutchan, Abuta
S23	Kutchan	倶知安	193.3		+
S22	Kozawa	小沢	203.6		+		Kyōwa, Iwanai
S21	Ginzan	銀山	213.4		+		Niki, Yoichi
S20	Shikaribetsu	然別	224.1		+
S19	Niki	仁木	228.2		+
S18	Yoichi	余市	232.6		+		Yoichi, Yoichi
S17	Ranshima	蘭島	237.9		+		Otaru
S16	Shioya	塩谷	244.8		+
S15	Otaru	小樽	252.5		+

Closed stations

• Washinosu: closed since 25 March 2016.
• Higashiyama: closed since 4 March 2017.
• Himekawa: closed since 4 March 2017.
• Kita-Toyotsu: closed since 4 March 2017.
• Warabitai: closed since 4 March 2017.

Otaru to Asahikawa

SRA: Special Rapid Airport

A: Rapid Airport

N: Rapid Niseko Liner

All trains stop at stations marked "+", some trains stop at stations marked "◌", and all skip stations marked "-".[1]

Station			Distance (km)	SRA	A	N	Transfers	Location
S15	Otaru	小樽	252.5		+	+		Otaru
S14	Minami-Otaru	南小樽	254.1		+	+
S13	Otaru-Chikkō	小樽築港	256.2		+	+
S12	Asari	朝里	259.3		-	-
S11	Zenibako	銭函	268.1		-	-
S10	Hoshimi	ほしみ	271.0		-	-		Teine-ku, Sapporo
S09	Hoshioki	星置	272.6		-	-
S08	Inaho	稲穂	273.7		-	-
S07	Teine	手稲	275.7		+	+
S06	Inazumi-Kōen	稲積公園	277.0		-	-
S05	Hassamu	発寒	279.2		-	-		Nishi-ku, Sapporo
S04	Hassamu-Chūō	発寒中央	281.0		-	-
S03	Kotoni	琴似	282.5		+	+
S02	Sōen	桑園	284.7		-	-	■ Sasshō Line (Gakuentoshi Line)	Chūō-ku, Sapporo
01	Sapporo	札幌	286.3	+	+	+	■ Sasshō Line (Gakuentoshi Line) ■ Chitose Line Subway Namboku Line ( N06 ) Subway Tōhō Line ( H07 ) Hokkaido Shinkansen (planned)	Kita-ku, Sapporo
H02	Naebo	苗穂	288.5	-	-		■ Chitose Line	Chūō-ku, Sapporo
H03	Shiroishi	白石	292.1	-	◌		■ Chitose Line	Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo
A04	Atsubetsu	厚別	296.5					Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo
A05	Shinrin-Kōen	森林公園	298.5
A06	Ōasa	大麻	300.8					Ebetsu
A07	Nopporo	野幌	304.2
A08	Takasago	高砂	305.5
A09	Ebetsu	江別	307.3
A10	Toyohoro	豊幌	313.5
A11	Horomui	幌向	316.7					Iwamizawa
A12	Kami-Horomui	上幌向	322.6
A13	Iwamizawa	岩見沢	326.9				■ Muroran Main Line
A14	Minenobu	峰延	335.3					Bibai
A15	Kōshunai	光珠内	339.8
A16	Bibai	美唄	343.7
A17	Chashinai	茶志内	348.1
A18	Naie	奈井江	354.3					Naie, Sorachi
A19	Toyonuma	豊沼	359.0					Sunagawa
A20	Sunagawa	砂川	362.2
A21	Takikawa	滝川	369.8				■ Nemuro Main Line	Takikawa
A22	Ebeotsu	江部乙	378.2
A23	Moseushi	妹背牛	358.7					Moseushi, Uryū
A24	Fukagawa	深川	392.9				■ Rumoi Main Line	Fukagawa
A25	Osamunai	納内	400.3
A26	Inō	伊納	413.0					Asahikawa
A27	Chikabumi	近文	419.1
A28	Asahikawa	旭川	423.1				■ Furano Line ■ Sekihoku Main Line ■ Sōya Main Line

Sawara branch line

Station			Distance (km)	Transfers	Location
H68	Ōnuma	大沼	0.0	■ Hakodate Main Line (Main Line)	Nanae, Kameda
N71	Ikedaen	池田園	3.4
N70	Nagareyama Onsen	流山温泉	5.6
N69	Chōshiguchi	銚子口	6.8
N68	Shikabe	鹿部	14.6		Shikabe, Kayabe
N67	Oshima-Numajiri	渡島沼尻	20.0		Mori, Kayabe
N66	Oshima-Sawara	渡島砂原	25.3
N65	Kakarima	掛澗	29.0
N64	Oshironai	尾白内	31.9
N63	Higashi-Mori	東森	33.5
H62	Mori	森	35.3	■ Hakodate Main Line (Main Line)

Rolling stock

Local / Rapid / Semi-Rapid

Hakodate to Otaru

KiHa 40 series DMUs

H100 series DEMUs

KiHa 150 DMUs (Oshamambe to Otaru)

KiHa 201 series DMUs (Rankoshi to Ebetsu)

733-1000 series AC EMUs (Hakodate Liner only)

Otaru to Asahikawa

721 series / 731 series / 733 series / 735 series AC EMUs

KiHa 201 series DMUs (Rankoshi to Ebetsu)

Limited express / Home liner

Hokuto / Home Liner

KiHa 281 series DMUs

KiHa 261-1000 series DMUs

Okhotsk

KiHa 183 series DMUs

Sōya

KiHa 261 series DMUs

History

Construction of the line by the Japanese Government began with the 32 km Minami-Otaru - Sapporo section in 1880, with the 41 km Sapporo to Iwamizawa section opened in 1882 to provide a link from the significant coalmines near Iwamizawa to the Otaru Port.

The line was sold to the Hokkaido Coal Co in 1889, which extended the line 35 km from Iwamizawa to Sunagawa in 1891, and a further 61 km to Asahikawa in 1898.

The Japanese Government built the 224 km Hakodate - Shikaribetsu section, opened in 1902, with the remaining 28 km section to Otaru opening the following year.

In 1905 a 1.6 km line was built from Otaru - Minami-Otaru to connect the Hokkaido Coal Co owned line to the Hakodate line, and the Government nationalised the Hokkaido Coal Co in 1906.

Duplication

Doubling of the line between Minami-Otaru and Iwamizawa opened 1909-11, and was extended to Sunagawa 1924-26, to Takikawa in 1956 and to Asahikawa 1964-68. The Otaru - Minami-Otaru section was duplicated in 1965.

The line from Hakodate was duplicated for 8 km to Kikyo 1941-44, with the 9 km Ishikura to Nodaoi section double-tracked in 1945. The 5 km Kikyo to Nanae section was double-tracked in 1962, and the doubling effectively extended 13 km to Ōnuma in 1966 with the construction of a new alignment for northbound trains to avoid the 1 in 50 (2%) grades between Oshima-Ono and Ōnuma.

Doubling of the 41 km section between Nodaoi and Oshamambe (excluding two gaps totalling 8 km) was undertaken in sections between 1965 and 1984, with the 13 km Mori - Ishikura section doubled between 1974 and 1979. Although the Sawara Line provides an alternative route between Ōnuma and Mori, it is operated as a local line, with all express passenger and freight trains travelling via Ōnuma-Kōen.

Electrification

The Otaru – Sapporo – Takikawa section was electrified in 1968, and extended to Asahikawa the following year with the opening of the 4,523m Kamuikotan tunnel and associated deviation.

The 3 km Hakodate – Goryōkaku section was electrified in conjunction with the Seikan Tunnel project in 1988.

The 15 km Goryōkaku – Oshima-Ono section was electrified in conjunction with the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen, with the latter station renamed Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto.

Former connecting lines

Hakodate – Otaru section

• Goryōkaku Station - the uncompleted Toi line junctioned here, proposed to service a naval base to protect the Tsugaru Strait. Construction commenced in 1937, and the 29 km line was well advanced when works were suspended in 1943 due to a shortage of materials. The Seikan Tunnel was originally proposed to utilised the roadbed of the Toi line (as well as that of the uncompleted Oma line on Honshu) until the route was altered in 1968 to that subsequently constructed.
• Two private railways near Hakodate were affected by the opening of the Sawara branch line between Ōnuma and Mori in 1945;

- The 17 km Ōnuma-Kōen to Shikabe line opened in 1929, and had the misfortune to be affected by a volcanic eruption just six months later, which closed it for two months. It closed in 1945 when the Shikabe Station on the Sawara line opened, but as the new station was some distance from the township, locals agitated for re-establishment of services to the original station. This occurred in 1948 when the last 11 km of the line from Choshiguchi was reopened by the local government, but competition from bus services resulted in the line being permanently closed in 1952.

- A line was built from Mori 9.4 km south to Sunahara in 1928. The first 3.1 km of that line was rebuilt as part of the Sawara line, and the remaining 6.3 km closed when the parallel JR line opened.

• Nakanosawa Station - The 48 km line to Setana opened in 1929/32, closing in 1987.
• Kuromatsunai Station - The local government built the line to the port of Suttsu (17 km) in 1920. It introduced the first diesel locomotive used in Hokkaido in 1952, and was closed as a result of flood damage in 1968.
• Kutchan Station - In 1919 a 13 km line opened to Kyogoku, where it connected to the private Japan Steel Works 7 km line to a mine at Wakikata. The JR line was extended 11 km to Kimobetsu in 1928, and a further 60 km to Date Monbetsu on the Muroran Main Line in 1940/41. The Wakikata branch closed in 1970 when the mine closed, and the JR line closed in 1986.
• Ozawa Station - A 762 mm (2'6") gauge horse-drawn tramway opened to the port at Iwanai in 1905. In 1912 it was replaced by a 1067 mm (3'6") gauge line, which closed in 1985. Near Iwanai the first tramway in Hokkaido, and possibly Japan, opened in 1869 as a 2.8 km gravity line linking a coal mine to the port of Kayanuma. It used timber rails and a ~1050 mm gauge, with brakemen riding the loaded wagons, and horses and cattle hauling the empty wagon back to the mine. In 1881 the line was rebuilt to 762 mm gauge with iron rails, and steam locomotives were introduced in 1927. In 1931 the tramway was replaced by a 10 km cableway linking the mine to Iwanai port, which in 1946 was replaced by a 6.3 km 1067 mm gauge line. A bridge on the new line collapsed during a typhoon in 1962, and the line was closed, with the coal mine closing two years later.
• Yoichi Station - The local government operated a 2.8 km line to the waterfront from 1933-43.

Sapporo area

• Teine Station - An 8 km 762 mm gauge line to Ban'naguro operated 1922-40. A proposed 10 km extension to the Ishikari river was not built.
• Sapporo Station - A horse drawn 762 mm gauge 11 km line operated north west to Kawabata, opening 1911/17 and crossing the Sassho Line near Shinkotoni. Petrol locomotives were introduced in 1922. The line was replaced by buses in 1943.
• Shiraishi Station - An electrified (1.5 kV DC) private 27 km line opened to Jozankei in 1918 for passenger service. In 1939 two branch lines totalling 8.3 km opened to link a silver/zinc/lead mine with a refinery. The ore traffic was lost to road transport in 1963, and the passenger service was replaced by buses in 1969.
• Nopporo Station - The private 57 km Yubari line was operated by the Hokkaido Colliery & Steamship Co. The initial 34 km line from Kuriyama on the Muroran Main Line (including a bridge over that line) to Yubari opened in 1926, including a switch-back (or zig-zag) section at Nishikisawa. A 23 km extension opened from Kuriyama - Nopporo in 1930. At its peak in 1965 the line carried annual tonnage of 1.5M tonnes of coal and another 0.5M tonnes of general freight, as well as 2M passengers. The entire line closed in 1975 after the closure of the mine in 1972. A 4.7 km branch to the Tsunoda mine operated 1927-70.
• Ebetsu Station - An 11 km 762 mm gauge line operated to Tobetsu, on the Sassho Line, although at each terminus the 762 mm gauge stations were on the opposite banks of the Ishikarigawa and Tobetsugawa rivers (respectively) to the JR stations.

Iwamizawa-Asahikawa section

Utashinai Station in 1986

Bridge built on the uncompleted Shumarinai to Chikubetsu line

• Iwamizawa Station - in 1882 the Hokkaido government opened an 11 km line to Mikasa, known as the Horonai line. In 1888 a 7 km extension to Ikushunbetsu and ~3 km branch line from Mikasa to the Horonai coal mine opened, and the line was sold to the Hokkaido Coal Co. in 1889. The line was nationalised in 1906, and closed in 1987. At Ikushunbetsu a forest railway comprising a 15 km 'main line' and a 3 km branch opened in 1938, and closed in 1955 to allow for the construction of the Katsurasawa dam.
• Bibai Station;

- The 3 km branch to Minami-Bibai opened in 1931 to service a coal mine, closing in 1973. Passenger services operated 1944-71.

- The Mitsubishi Mining Co. (MMC) opened an 8 km line to Sumiyama mine in 1914, extending the line 3 km to Tokiwadai in 1924. The line closed when the mine closed in 1972. The MMC also operated a 2 km line from Chashinai Station to a coal mine 1952-67.

• Naie Station - The Mitsui Mining Co. operated a 5 km line to Higashi Naie 1949/51 to 1968.
• Sunagawa Station;

- The Mitsui Mining Co. also opened the 7.3 km branch to Kamisunagawa in 1918. The line was nationalised in 1926, with passenger services introduced the same year. The line closed in 1994.

- A 15 km branch to Utashinai, opened by the Hokkaido Coal Co. in 1891, nationalised in 1906 and closed in 1988.

• Fukagawa Station - The first section of the Shinmei line to Nayoro on the Soya Line opened in 1924, opening to Nayoro in 1941 and closing in 1995. A 51.2 km line was proposed from Shumarinai on that line to Chikubetsu on the Hoboro line north of Rumoi with construction commencing in 1959. A substantial steel truss bridge was constructed before work was abandoned in 1962.

Accidents

In August 2013, three cars of a 20-car freight train derailed on the line near Yakumo after striking a two-meter piece of wood that obstructed the tracks. Although there were no injuries, the line was temporarily closed, impacting rail service to and from Hakodate Station.[2]

References

1. "Train Guide". Hokkaido Railway Company. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
2. "ＪＲ函館線で貨物列車脱線　帰省の足に影響、けが人なし". 共同通信. 17 August 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2013.