Haakon V of Norway

Haakon V Magnusson (10 April 1270 – 8 May 1319) (Old Norse: Hákon Magnússon; Modern Norwegian: Håkon Magnusson) was king of Norway from 1299 until 1319.

Haakon V Magnusson
Contemporary bust of Haakon (as duke) from the Stavanger Cathedral, dated to the 1280s.[1]
King of Norway
Reign15 July 1299 – 8 May 1319
PredecessorEric II
SuccessorMagnus VII
Born10 April 1270
Died8 May 1319(1319-05-08) (aged 49)
Burial
St Mary's Church, Oslo
SpouseIsabelle de Joigny
Euphemia of Rügen
IssueIngeborg, Duchess of Halland
Agnes Haakonsdatter
HouseSverre
FatherMagnus VI of Norway
MotherIngeborg of Denmark

Biography
Head from the Nidaros Cathedral, considered to possibly represent an older Haakon.[2]
Burial site of Håkon V in Oslo
A sculpture believed to be of King Haakon V Magnusson as Duke of Oslo, Oppland, Ryfylke, the Faroe Islands, and Shetland.[3]

Haakon was the younger surviving son of Magnus the Lawmender, King of Norway, and his wife Ingeborg of Denmark. Through his mother, he was a descendant of Eric IV, king of Denmark. In 1273, his elder brother, Eirik, was named junior king under the reign of their father, King Magnus. At the same time, Haakon was given the title "Duke of Norway", and from his father's death in 1280, ruled a large area around Oslo in Eastern Norway and Stavanger in the southwest, subordinate to King Eirik.[4] Haakon succeeded to the royal throne when his older brother died without sons.

In 1295, Haakon married firstly with Isabelle, daughter of Jean I, Count of Joigny, but she died in 1297 without issue. In early 1299 he married secondly with Euphemia, daughter of Vitslav II, Prince of Rügen, who in 1301 bore him his only legitimate daughter, Ingeborg Håkonsdotter, since 1312 wife of duke Eric Magnusson of Sweden, a younger brother of King Birger of Sweden. Their son, Magnus Eriksson would succeed Haakon V as king of Norway.[5] He also had an illegitimate daughter by Gro Sigurdsdatter, daughter of Sigurd Lodinsson and wife Baugeid Steinarsdatter, named Agnes Haakonsdatter.[6]

During Haakon's reign, Oslo gradually took over the functions of capital of Norway from Bergen, though there was no official pronouncement of this at any time. Haakon is also associated with the construction of Akershus Fortress (Akershus Festning) and Bohus Fortress (Båhus festning). During his reign he revived his brother's war policy against Denmark, but in 1309 he finally concluded a peace that in general was the end of a period of Dano-Norwegian wars. In domestic matters he energetically and successfully tried to limit the power of the magnates and to strengthen the king's power.

In 1319, Haakon was succeeded by his daughter's son, Magnus VII, who was an infant. Haakon's daughter Ingeborg was recognized as formal regent of her son. Havtore Jonsson was put in the guardianship government until he himself died the following year.

Haakon was buried in St. Mary's church (Mariakirken) in Oslo. Remains of two people, deemed to be Haakon and Eufemia, were discovered during excavations of the ruins of that church and reinterred in the royal mausoleum at Akershus Castle.[7]

  • Seal of Haakon as Duke (obverse), in known use 1292–98 (Norwegian coat of arms on reverse).
  • One-sided seal of Haakon as Duke from 1298.
  • Seal of Haakon as King (obverse), in known use 1305–18 (Norwegian coat of arms on reverse).
  • The reverse from another version of Haakon's seal as King, in known use 1300–02.
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References
  1. Lillehammer, Grete, et al. (1995) Museoteket ved Arkeologisk museum i Stavanger: Rogalandsfunn fra istid til middelalder, p. 108
  2. Helle, Knut (1995). Under kirke og kongemakt: 1130-1350, p. 209.
  3. House of Sverre
  4. Narve Bjørgo, "Eirik Magnusson" in Norsk biografisk leksikon vol. II, (Oslo, 2000), pp. 436-437
  5. Ingebjørg Håkonsdatter (Store norske leksikon)
  6. "Agnes Håkonsdatter". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  7. Håkon 5 Magnusson (Store norske leksikon)

Other sources
  • Helle, Knut (1964) Norge blir en stat, 1130–1319 (Universitetsforlaget) ISBN 82-00-01323-5
  • Holmsen, Andreas (1939) Norges historie. Fra de eldste tider til 1660 (Universitetsforlaget)
  • Gjerset, Knut (1915) History of the Norwegian People (MacMillan Company, Volumes I & II)
Haakon Magnusson
Cadet branch of the House of Hardrada
Born: 10 April 1270 Died: 8 May 1319
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Eric II		 King of Norway
1299–1319		 Succeeded by
Magnus VII

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