HMS Cydnus (1813)

HMS Cydnus was one of eight Royal Navy 38-gun Cydnus-class fifth-rates. This frigate was built in 1813 at Blackwall Yard, London, and broken up in 1816.

History
UK
Name: HMS Cydnus
Ordered: 16 November 1812
Builder: Wigram, Wells & Green, London
Laid down: December 1812
Launched: 17 April 1813
Completed: By 30 June 1813
Honours and
awards:		 Naval General Service Medal with clasp "14 Dec Boat Service 1814"[1]
Fate: Broken up in February 1816
General characteristics [2]
Class and type: Cydnus-class fifth-rate
Tons burthen: 1,078​82⁄94 (bm)
Length:
  • 150 ft 1 1⁄2 in (45.8 m) (overall)
  • 125 ft 2 3⁄8 in (38.2 m) (keel)
Beam: 40 ft 3 in (12.3 m)
Depth of hold: 12 ft (3.7 m)
Sail plan: Full-rigged ship
Complement: 315
Armament:
  • Upper deck: 28 x 18-pounder guns
  • QD: 14 x 32-pounder carronades
  • Fc: 2 x 9-pounder guns + 2 x 32-pounder carronades.

Design, construction and armament

The entire class was a version of the Leda-class frigates, but built of red fir (pine), which was cheaper and more abundant than oak. Most importantly, it permitted noticeably faster construction, but at a cost of reduced durability.

To enable the new frigate to meet the American frigates on less unequal terms, Cydnus, and her sister Eurotas received medium 24-pounders and an increased complement of men. Cydnus's 24-pounders were of a design by General Sir Thomas Blomefield, 1st Baronet and measured 7 ft. 6 in. in length while weighing about 40 cwt. The 24-pounders on Eurotas were to a design by Colonel Congreve.

During December 1813 and January 1814, Cyndus and Eurotas actually temporarily exchanged six 24-pounders, presumably to enable both vessels to test the designs against each other. Ultimately, the Royal Navy adopted General Blomefield's design.[3]

Service

Cydnus was commissioned in May 1813 under Captain Frederick W. Aylmer, but command passed later that month to Captain Frederick Langford.[2] On 2 December, Briton captured Wolf's Cove, while Cydnus and a squadron were in company.[4][Note 1]

On 8 January 1814, Cydnus recaptured the English ship Rachael and Ann, of 14 guns, 226 tons, and 20 men. She had been sailing from Buenos Aires for London.[5][Note 2]

On 14 March 1814 Cydnus and Pomone captured the American privateer Bunker's Hill, of 14 guns and 86 men. Though Bunker's Hill had been known for her past successes, on this cruise she was eight days out of Morlaix without having captured anything.[6][Note 3] Bunker's Hill was the former Royal Navy cutter Linnet, which the French frigate Gloire had taken on 25 February 1813 near Madeira.[8] Cydnus carried out convoy duties to the East Indies in 1814.[9]

Cydnus served in the operations against New Orleans in 1814. Her boats participated in the British victory at the Battle of Lake Borgne. On 8 December 1814, two US gunboats fired on Sophie, Armide, and the sixth-rate frigate Seahorse[10] while the British were passing the chain of small islands that runs parallel to the shore between Mobile and Lake Borgne.[11]

Main article: Battle of Lake Borgne

Between 12 and 15 December 1814 Captain Lockyer of Sophie led a flotilla of some 50 boats, barges, gigs, and launches to attack the US gunboats. Lockyer drew his flotilla from the fleet that was massing against New Orleans, including the 74-gun Third Rate Tonnant, Armide, Cydnus, Seahorse, Manly, and Meteor.

Lockyer deployed the boats in three divisions, of which he led one. Captain Montresor of the gun-brig Manly commanded the second, and Captain Roberts of Meteor commanded the third.[11] After rowing for 36 hours, the British met the Americans at St. Joseph's Island.[11] On 13 December 1814, the British attacked the one-gun schooner USS Sea Horse. On the morning of the 14th, the British engaged the Americans in a short, violent battle.

The British captured or destroyed almost the entire American force, including the tender, USS Alligator, and five gunboats. The British lost 17 men killed and 77 wounded; Cydnus had four men wounded. Anaconda then evacuated the wounded. In 1821 the survivors of the flotilla shared in the distribution of head-money arising from the capture of the American gun-boats and sundry bales of cotton.[12][Note 4] In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "14 Dec Boat Service 1814" to all surviving claimants from the action.

On 18 January 1815, Captain the Honourable William Henry Percy faced a court martial on board Cydnus, off Cat Island, Mississippi for the loss of his vessel, Hermes, during his unsuccessful attack at the Battle of Fort Bowyer in September 1814. The court acquitted him of all blame, finding that the attack was justified.[14]

Langford died early in 1815 at Jamaica.[9] Sir Alexander Cochrane appointed Captain Robert Cavendish Spencer, of the sloop Carron,[15] to command Cydnus in 1815,[2] for his efforts in Louisiana and Florida. Spencer then spent a month camped at Prospect Bluff on the Apalachicola River with Britain's Indian allies, charged with settling their claims and dismissing them from British service.[16][17] Apparently he left them with some cannons as well.[18] Lieutenant Colonel Edward Nicolls received orders to withdraw his troops from the fort at Prospect Bluff.[19][20] In accordance with Cochrane's orders, the Cydnus was moored off Prospect Bluff,[21] and embarked the Royal Marine detachment on 22 April, arriving at Bermuda on 13 June 1815, to allow the detachment to rejoin the 3rd Battalion as a supernumerary company.[22][23] Thereafter Cydnus sailed to Halifax, arriving on 24 June 1815.[24]

Fate

Cydnus was then paid off. The Napoleonic Wars had ended and as she was not durable, she was broken up at Portsmouth in February 1816.[2]

Cydnus was among the ships and vessels under the command of-Admiral Lord Viscount Keith entitled to share in the Parliamentary grant for service in 1813 and 1814.[25]

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

  1. The prize money for an ordinary seaman was 6s 11¼d.[4]
  2. The prize money for an ordinary seaman was 9s 9¾d.[4]
  3. The prize money for an ordinary seaman was 16s 6¾d.[7]
  4. A first-class share of the prize money was worth £34 12s 9¼d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth 7s 10¾d.[13]

Citations

  1. "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 242.
  2. Winfield (2008), p.186.
  3. Lyon & Winfield (2004), p.30.
  4. "No. 16956". The London Gazette. 12 November 1814. p. 2243.
  5. "No. 16884". The London Gazette. 12 April 1814. p. 794.
  6. "No. 16874". The London Gazette. 26 March 1814. p. 651.
  7. "No. 17015". The London Gazette. 23 May 1815. p. 976.
  8. Winfield (2008), p.370.
  9. "NMM, vessel ID 383106" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol v. National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  10. "Index of 19th Century Naval Vessels and a few of their movements - HMS Seahorse". P. Benyon. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  11. "No. 16991". The London Gazette. 9 March 1815. pp. 446–449.
  12. "No. 17719". The London Gazette. 26 June 1821. pp. 1353–1354.
  13. "No. 17730". The London Gazette. 28 July 1821. p. 1561.
  14. Marshall, John (1823). Royal Naval Biography. 3. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green. p. 69.
  15. "HMS Carron". Patrick Marioné and Michael Phillips. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  16. The Annual Biography and Obituary of 1831. (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown), p.4.
  17. Landers, p125
  18. Monette (1846), p.89.
  19. Covington, 1993
  20. Letter from Spencer to Cochrane dated 17 February 1816 does mention that the Indian Chiefs were 'obeying Brevet Major Nicolls' orders until 22 April [1815]' UK National Archives reference WO 1/144 folio 133
  21. Letter from Vice Admiral Cochrane to Rear Admiral Malcolm dated 17 February 1815. This is within WO 1/143 folio 37, which can be downloaded for a fee from the UK National Archives website.
  22. "Royal Marines on the Gulf Coast". Retrieved 19 January 2014. Extracted information from the log of HMS Cydnus
  23. 3rd Battalion Royal Marines muster/pay Lists Jan to Oct 1815 ADM 96/471
  24. "Index of 19th Century Naval Vessels and a few of their movements". P. Benyon. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  25. "No. 17441". The London Gazette. 16 January 1819. p. 112.

References

  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
  • Landers, Jane G. (2010). Atlantic Creoles in the Age of Revolutions. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-05416-4
  • Lyon, David & Rif Winfield. 2004. The sail & steam Navy list: all the ships of the Royal Navy, 1815-1889. (London: Chatham).
  • Marshall, John. (1823–34) Royal naval biography; or, Memoirs of the services of all the flag-officers, superannuated rear-admirals, retired captains, post-captains, and commanders, whose names appeared on the Admiralty list of sea-officers at the commencement of the year 1823, or who have since been promoted. (London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green).
  • Monette M. D., John W. 1846. History of The Discovery and Settlement of The Valley of the Mississippi, by the Three Great European Powers, Spain, France, and Great Britain, and The subsequent Occupation, Settlement, and Extension of Civil Government by The United States, Until The Year 1846. (New York: Harper and Brothers., 1846), Vol. 1.
  • Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1794–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1-86176-246-1.

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