Guo Boxiong

Guo Boxiong (born July 1942)[1] is a former general of the People's Liberation Army of China. He served as the Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, China's top military council, between 2002 and 2012.[2] During the same period he also held a seat in the Politburo of the Communist Party of China,[3] China's top decision-making body. He was expelled from the Communist Party on 30 July 2015. On July 25, 2016, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for bribery.[4]

Guo Boxiong
郭伯雄
General Guo Boxiong
Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission
In office
State Commission:
16 March 2003 – 14 March 2013
Party Commission:
15 November 2002 – 15 November 2012
ChairmanJiang Zemin
Hu Jintao
Personal details
BornJuly 1942 (age 78)
Liquan, Shaanxi, China
Political partyCommunist Party of China (1963–2015, expelled)
Military service
Allegiance People's Republic of China
Branch/service People's Liberation Army
Years of service1961-2013
Rank General (1999–2016, deprived)
CommandsBeijing Military Region
Lanzhou Military Region
This is a Chinese name; the family name is Guo.
Guo Boxiong
Chinese郭伯雄

Career
Guo Boxiong met U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates in 2007.

Guo was born in Liquan County, Shaanxi province. In August 1958, Guo, aged 16 and just finished middle school, began working at a military factory in Xingping, Shaanxi province. Guo joined the People's Liberation Army in 1961. Two years later, he joined the Communist Party of China. Guo was trained at China's National Defense University and the Xi'an Army Academy in People's Liberation Army Military Academy where he graduated.[5]

Guo earned a series of promotions in the 1970s. In the 55th Division of the 19th Army, Guo rose from a soldier to chief of staff of the 55th Division by 1982.[3] By 1983 Guo was chief of staff of the 19th Army until 1985, when he became deputy chief of staff of the Lanzhou Military Region after a major re-organization of the PLA that took place under Deng Xiaoping. Afterwards Guo became commander of the 47th Group Army for three years. In 1993 Guo became deputy commander of the Beijing Military Region, the heart of China's defense establishment, and in 1997 commander of the Lanzhou Military Region. In September 1999, Guo became a member of the Central Military Commission, deputy chief of staff, and was also promoted to the rank of General (the highest rank in the army).

In 2002, at the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Guo became the Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), serving alongside Hu Jintao, who became nominal General Secretary of the Communist Party at the same Congress. The Vice-Chairmanship of the CMC is the highest executive position given to military officers. Guo served for ten years. He retired at the 18th National Congress in November 2012.

Investigation

After Guo's retirement, Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and supreme commander of the PLA, began a far-reaching anti-corruption campaign. Guo was subject of intense rumours surrounding possible involvement with corruption during his time in office, particularly in overseas Chinese media. Guo and his former colleague of the same rank, retired general Xu Caihou, attended a new year's gala in early 2014, signalling that both may have "weathered the storm". However, shortly thereafter, in the summer of 2014, as part of the fallout of the Gu Junshan case, Xu was court-martialed and expelled from the party. After Xu's fall, Guo was euphemistically referred to in Chinese-language media as the "Northwest Wolf" (西北狼), an oblique reference to Xi Jinping's slogan to "crack down on 'tigers' and 'flies'." Sensing impending doom, friends from Guo's hometown visited Guo in Beijing, urging him to "clarify the situation to the authorities" to avoid the same fate as Xu. In response, Guo reportedly said, "some things cannot be easily clarified." His fate was sealed.[6]

In February 2015, Guo's son, Guo Zhenggang, a rear admiral in the PLA Navy, and his wife, were detained for investigation by military authorities in connection to business and real estate dealings.[7] This was followed by reports in international media that Guo himself was also undergoing investigation.[8] On March 5, in response to a reporter's question about whether Guo Boxiong was under investigation, the party's main anti-corruption crusader in the military, General Liu Yuan, responded simply with the phrase "ni dongde" (that is, "I think you know what I mean.")[9]

After approval from the Politburo of the Communist Party of China, Guo was placed under investigation on April 9, 2015 by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission. On July 30, following another Politburo meeting, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the party's top anti-corruption body, released a statement charging Guo with taking bribes personally and through his family in exchange "for aiding in the promotion [of officers]." He was duly expelled from the Communist Party of China and his case moved to military prosecution authorities for further processing.[10]

Guo was, remarkably, the fourth member of the 17th Politburo of the Communist Party of China to be expelled from the Communist Party (the first three were Bo Xilai, Zhou Yongkang, and Xu Caihou).[11]

On July 25, 2016, Guo was sentenced to life imprisonment for bribery.[4]

Personal life

Guo Boxiong has a brother, Guo Boquan (郭伯权) born in 1961, who, until 2015, headed up the Department of Civil Affairs of Shaanxi province and a former official in the city of Weinan. Boquan was reportedly detained by the authorities for investigation in March 2015, though it seemed that he was able to maintain his position following Guo Boxiong's investigation.[12] Guo Boxiong has a son, Guo Zhenggang, who was a major general in the People's Liberation Army, who held a leading military post in Zhejiang province; Zhenggang was also detained for investigation in February 2015.[13]

gollark: Rich people do not, as far as I'm aware, *actually* hoard vast amounts of water in developed countries.
gollark: And they actually have a disincentive to do that.
gollark: Strictly speaking I only "need" 1500 calories a day with some nutrient balance and maybe a litre of water.
gollark: It might be eventually if better power generation or something else allows dirt-cheap desalination.
gollark: If we had vast quantities of convenient water just sitting right where people need it would be unreasonable rent-seeking to charge for it, but distribution and extraction of it isn't trivial.

References
  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-07-23. Retrieved 2009-12-29.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. "New CPC top leadership line-up unveiled" Archived 2008-11-20 at the Wayback Machine, Bjinvest.gov.cn.
  3. Andrew Scobell and Larry Wortzel. Civil-Military Change in China: Elites, Institutes, and Ideas After the 16th Party Congress. Darby PA: DIANE Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1-4289-1026-3
  4. Ben, Blanchard (Jul 25, 2016). "China jails former top military officer for life in graft case". Reuters.
  5. "Guo Boxiong -- Politburo member of CPC Central Committee" Archived 2012-02-14 at the Wayback Machine, CCTV, October 23, 2007.
  6. Wang, Heyan (July 30, 2015). "郭伯雄沉浮". Caixin.
  7. "Chinese state media suggests retired general Guo Boxiong may be next to fall, after son comes under graft probe". South China Morning Post. March 3, 2015.
  8. "Exclusive: China investigates second top officer for graft - sources". Reuters. March 3, 2015.
  9. "被问及郭伯雄是否被捕 刘源答"你懂的"".
  10. "中共中央决定给予郭伯雄开除党籍处分 将郭伯雄涉嫌犯罪问题及线索移送司法机关依法处理". Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. July 30, 2015.
  11. "郭伯雄案通报解读 江胡态度几何？". Duowei News. July 30, 2015.
  12. "郭伯雄胞弟郭伯权被调查 恐凶多吉少[图]". Duowei News. March 3, 2015.
  13. "軍委前副主席郭伯雄之子 涉貪助查" (in Chinese). Ming Pao. 2014-07-10.
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