Guangyun

The Guangyun (Kuang-yun; simplified Chinese: 广韵; traditional Chinese: 廣韻; pinyin: Guǎngyùn; Wade–Giles: Kuang3-yün4; lit.: Broad Rimes) is a Chinese rime dictionary that was compiled from 1007 to 1008 under the patronage of Emperor Zhenzong of Song. Its full name was Dà Sòng chóngxiū guǎngyùn (大宋重修廣韻, literally "Great Song revised and expanded rhymes"). Chen Pengnian (陳彭年, 961–1017) and Qiu Yong (邱雍) were the chief editors.

For other uses, see Guangyun (disambiguation).
The beginning of the first rhyme group of the Guangyun, with first character 東 ("east")

The dictionary is a revision and expansion of the influential Qieyun rime dictionary of 601, and was itself later revised as the Jiyun. Pingshui Yun system, the standard for poetry rhyming after the Song Dynasty, is also based on Guangyun. Until the discovery of an almost complete early 8th century edition of the Qieyun in 1947, the Guangyun was the most accurate available account of the Qieyun phonology, and was heavily used in early work on the reconstruction of Middle Chinese. It is still used as a major source.[1][2]

The Guangyun has a similar hierarchical organization to the Qieyun:

  • The dictionary is split into four tones in five volumes, two for the Middle Chinese level tone (平聲) and one each for the three oblique tones, rising (上聲), departing (去聲) and entering (入聲).
  • Each tone is split into rimes, with a total of 206 final rimes, increased from 193 in the Qieyun.
  • Each rime is divided into groups of homophonous characters, with the pronunciation of each group given by a fanqie formula.

The dictionary has a total of 26,194 character entries, each containing a brief explanation of the character's meaning.[3]

The Unihan database incorporates the "SBGY" (Songben Guangyun; "Song edition Guangyun") dataset with 25,334 head-entries for 19,583 characters.[4]

Table of Consonants
Table of Consonants in the Guangyun Sound System[5][6]
Location Manner
Traditional Name New Name Traditional
Name		 Unvoiced
Unaspirated		 Unvoiced
Aspirated		 Voiced Nasal
New
Name		 Unaspirated Aspirated Voiced Nasal l Semivowels
Stops Affricates Fricatives Stops Affricates Stops Affricates Fricatives
Labial Bilabials Bilabial p     pʰ   b     m    
Labiodentals Labiodental   pf     pfʰ   bv   ɱ    
Aveolar Dental
stops		 Dental
stops		 t     tʰ   d     n    
Retroflex
stops		 Palatal ȶ     ȶʰ   ȡ     ȵ    
Lateral Dental
affricates		 Anterior
coronal		   ts s   sʰ   dz z      
Retroflex/
Alveolo-palatal
affricates		 Tongue blade   tʃ ʃ   tʃʰ   dʒ        
Palatal   tɕ ɕ   tɕʰ   dʑ ʒ      
Velars Guttural k     kʰ   g     ŋ    
Glottal Glottal ʔ                    
Guttural     x         ɣ      
Laminal                     j
Half
dental
lateral		 Alveolar                   l  
Half
retroflex		 Palatal                 ȵ, ʑ    
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References
  1. Baxter, William H. (1992). A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 38–39. ISBN 978-3-11-012324-1..
  2. Norman, Jerry (1988). Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-521-29653-3.
  3. Teng, Ssu-yü; Biggerstaff, Knight (1971). An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works (3rd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-674-03851-6.
  4. Jenkins, John H.; Cook, Richard (2010). "Unicode Standard Annex #38: Unicode Han Database". Unicode Consortium.
  5. Li 2017, p. 48.
  6. JACQUES 2015.

Bibliography
  • JACQUES, Guillaume (2015). "Traditional Chinese Phonology". In Sybesma, Rint (ed.). Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics. Brill. Retrieved 21 December 2018.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Li, Jialong (李加龙) (2017). Hànyǔ Fāngyán Diàochá 汉语方言调查 [Chinese Phonological Research]. Beijing: The Commercial Press. ISBN 978-7-100-12869-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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