Gram domain containing 1a

GRAM domain containing 1A also known as Aster-A is a protein that is encoded by the GRAMD1A gene. [5][6] It contains a transmembrane region, a GRAM domain and a VASt domain that can bind cholesterol.[7][8] GRAMD1A has four paralogs: GRAMD1B and GRAMD1C and two without VASt domains, GRAMD2A and GRAMD2B. These proteins are mammalian representatives of the yeast lipid transfer proteins anchored at a membrane contact site (LAM) family.[7]

GRAMD1A
Identifiers
Aliases	GRAMD1A, KIAA1533, GRAM domain containing 1A
External IDs	MGI: 105490 HomoloGene: 10843 GeneCards: GRAMD1A
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human)[1] Band 19q13.11 Start 34,994,784 bp[1] End 35,026,471 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse)[2] Band 7 B1|7 19.3 cM Start 31,130,127 bp[2] End 31,155,896 bp[2]
Gene ontology Molecular function • GO:0001948 protein binding • cholesterol binding • GO:0017127 cholesterol transfer activity • lipid binding Cellular component • membrane • integral component of membrane • intrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane • extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane • organelle membrane contact site • endoplasmic reticulum • endoplasmic reticulum membrane • cell membrane • endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact site Biological process • cholesterol transport • cellular response to cholesterol • intermembrane sterol transfer • lipid transport Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	57655	52857
Ensembl	ENSG00000089351	ENSMUSG00000001248
UniProt	Q96CP6	Q8VEF1
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001136199 NM_020895 NM_001320034 NM_001320035 NM_001320036	NM_027898 NM_001360351
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001129671 NP_001306963 NP_001306964 NP_001306965 NP_065946	NP_082174 NP_001347280
Location (UCSC)	Chr 19: 34.99 – 35.03 Mb	Chr 7: 31.13 – 31.16 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

GRAMD1A localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum.[7] Its GRAM domain tethers it to the plasma membrane where it can bind phosphatidylinositol phosphate in areas enriched for it.[7][9] The protein alters intracellular cholesterol distribution, moving it from the plasma membrane.[8][10] GRAMD1A also is necessary for autophagosome biogenesis.[10]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000089351 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001248 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: GRAM domain containing 1A". Retrieved 2017-09-15.
6. "UniProtKB - Q8VEF1 (ASTRA_MOUSE)". Retrieved March 6, 2020.
7. Besprozvannaya M, Dickson E, Li H, Ginburg KS, Bers DM, Auwerx J, Nunnari J (February 2018). "GRAM domain proteins specialize functionally distinct ER-PM contact sites in human cells". eLife. 22 (7): e31019. doi:10.7554/eLife.31019. PMC 5823543. PMID 29469807.
8. Sandhu J, Li S, Fairall L, Pfisterer SG, Gurnett JE, Xiao X, Weston TA, Vashi D, Ferrari A, Orozco JL, Hartman CL, Strugatsky D, Lee SD, He C, Hong C, Jiang H, Bentolila LA, Gatta AT, Levine TP, Ferng A, Lee R, Ford DA, Young SG, Ikonen E, Schwabe JW, Tontonoz P (October 2018). "Aster Proteins Facilitate Nonvesicular Plasma Membrane to ER Cholesterol Transport in Mammalian Cells". Cell. 175 (2): 514-529.e20. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.033. PMC 6469685. PMID 30220461.
9. Wu YW, Waldmann H (December 2019). "Toward the role of cholesterol and cholesterol transfer protein in autophagosome biogenesis". Autophagy. 15 (12): 2167–2168. doi:10.1080/15548627.2019.1666595. PMC 6844521. PMID 31512558.
10. Laraia L, Friese A, Corkery DP, Konstantinidis G, Erwin N, Hofer W, Karatas H, Klewer L, Brockmeyer A, Metz M, Schölermann B, Dwivedi M, Li L, Rios-Munoz P, Köhn M, Winter R, Vetter IR, Ziegler S, Janning P, Wu YW, Waldmann H (July 2019). "The cholesterol transfer protein GRAMD1A regulates autophagosome biogenesis". Nat. Chem. Biol. 15 (7): 710–720. doi:10.1038/s41589-019-0307-5. PMID 31222192.

Further reading