Glutamate synthase (NADPH)

In enzymology, a glutamate synthase (NADPH) (EC 1.4.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+ 2 L-glutamate + NADP+
glutamate synthase (NADPH)
Glutamate synthase dodekamer, Azospirillum br.
Identifiers
EC number1.4.1.13
CAS number37213-53-9
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGO

Thus, the four substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamine, 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate), NADPH, and H+, whereas the two products are L-glutamate and NADP+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. This enzyme participates in glutamate metabolism and nitrogen metabolism. It has 5 cofactors: FAD, Iron, FMN, Sulfur, and Iron-sulfur.

It occurs in bacteria and plants but not animals, and is important as it provides glutamate for the glutamine synthetase reaction.[1][2]

Nomenclature

The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (transaminating). Other names in common use include:

  • glutamate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), synthase,
  • glutamate synthase (NADPH),
  • glutamate synthetase (NADP),
  • glutamine amide-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (oxidoreductase, NADP),
  • glutamine-ketoglutaric aminotransferase,
  • L-glutamate synthase,
  • L-glutamate synthetase,
  • L-glutamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, NADPH oxidizing,
  • NADPH-dependent glutamate synthase,
  • NADPH-glutamate synthase, and
  • NADPH-linked glutamate synthase.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, only one structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the PDB accession code 1EA0.

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See also

References

  1. Temple SJ, Vance CP, Gantt JS (1998). "Glutamate synthase and nitrogen assimilation". Trends in Plant Science. 3 (2): 51–56. doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(97)01159-X.
  2. Vanoni MA, Curti B (May 2008). "Structure-function studies of glutamate synthases: a class of self-regulated iron-sulfur flavoenzymes essential for nitrogen assimilation". IUBMB Life. 60 (5): 287–300. doi:10.1002/iub.52. PMID 18421771.

Further reading


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