Giuseppe Cocconi

Giuseppe Cocconi (1914–2008) was an Italian physicist who was director of the Proton Synchrotron at CERN in Geneva. He is known for his work in particle physics and for his involvement with SETI.

Giuseppe Cocconi
Cocconi giving a lecture in CERN's main auditorium in 1967
Born1914
Como, Italy
Died9 November 2008
Geneva, Switzerland
CitizenshipItalian
Alma materUniversity of Milan
Known forPomeron, Roman pot, CHARM, CERN director
AwardsGuggenheim Fellowship
Scientific career
FieldsParticle and high-energy physics, Cosmic ray research
InstitutionsUniversity of Catania
Cornell University
Sapienza University of Rome
CERN: Proton Synchrotron
Brookhaven National Laboratory

Life

Cocconi was born in Como, Italy in 1914.[1] He went to study physics at the University of Milan, and then in February 1938, went to the Sapienza University of Rome on the invitation of Edoardo Amaldi.[1] There he met physicists Enrico Fermi, and Gilberto Bernardini. With Fermi, he built a Wilson chamber to study the disintegration of mesons.[1] In August of that year, Cocconi laid the foundation of cosmic ray research in Milan. While at Milan, Cocconi supervised Vanna Tongiorgi, who picked cosmic rays as her thesis' subject, and later married her in 1945.[1]

In 1942, Cocconi was nominated professor at University of Catania, but was engaged by the Italian army to research infrared phenomena for the Italian airforce until the end of World War II, in late 1944.[1] He taught at Catania until 1947, when Hans Bethe made a request that he would join Cornell University. During his stay at Cornell, Cocconi and his wife performed many experiments there and in Echo Lake located in the Rocky Mountains, where they demonstrated the galactic and extragalactic origins of cosmic rays.[1] In 1955, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.[2] While at Cornell he also wrote, with Philip Morrison, his most famous paper "Searching for Interstellar Communications", on the 21 cm Hydrogen line, which turned out to be of vital importance in the SETI program.[3]

During his sabbatical of 1959–1961, Cocconi helped kick-start the Proton Synchrotron research program at CERN, and conducted a series of experiment on proton-proton scattering, and on the cross section of protons and neutrons.[1] He also continued this research at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL).[1] In 1963 he returned at CERN, and discovered with Alan Wetherell, Bert Diddens, and others, that the diffraction peak in proton-proton scattering shrunk with the increase in collision energy. This was interpreted as the "exchange of two Regge Poles", which later became known as the pomeron.[1]

From 1967 to 1969, Cocconi was CERN's research director, and conceived the Roman pot, a type of particle detector.[1] Then with a group led by Klaus Winter, he formed the CHARM collaboration, which worked until the 1980s, which investigated elastic electron-neutrino scattering.[1] He retired in 1979, but kept in touch with the CERN research,[4] and particle physics related research in general.[1]

Cocconi died on 9 November 2008.[1][5] His colleagues and friends wrote the following in his CERN's obituary:

Giuseppe enjoyed the respect of great physicists in the world. As a man of culture and vision, he was very curious and attentive to what was going on in the world, and not only in the field of physics. Very kind and always ready to listen, straightforward but humble in his relations with his colleagues, always ready to admire other people’s success, he was happy to share his knowledge with juniors. His refusal of association with academies, and his lack of interest in prizes and honours, as well as his wish not to talk publicly, after his retirement, of his scientific life, are well known. He was a great physicist.

gollark: And nobody is going to globally implement ridiculous filtering things.
gollark: I mean, nobody is going to have a different version of all the products they sell with a different OS for one random state.
gollark: I don't think this is actually possible, yes.
gollark: All in accordance with my plan.
gollark: It would be great* if they did eventually get powerful enough and directed enough to cook unsuspecting passersby.

References
  1. His colleagues and friends (27 November 2008). "Giuseppe Cocconi (1914–2008)". CERN Bulletin (49–50). Retrieved 2008-12-05.
  2. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. "1955 U.S. and Canadian Fellows". Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
  3. Giuseppe Cocconi; Philip Morrison (1979). "Searching for Interstellar Communications". Cosmic Search. 1 (1). Retrieved 2008-12-05.
  4. Amaldi, Ugo; Barbiellini, Guido; Fidecaro, Maria; Matthiae, Giorgio (August 2009). "Giuseppe Cocconi and his love of the cosmos". CERN Courier. 49 (6): 19–22.
  5. "Faces and places: Giuseppe Cocconi 1914-2008". CERN Courier. 49 (2): 36. March 2009.
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