Geraldo Alckmin

Geraldo José Rodrigues de Alckmin Filho (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒeˈɾawdu ˈaɫkmĩ]; born 7 November 1952) is a Brazilian politician who served as the Governor of São Paulo from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2011 to 2018. He was the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) presidential nominee for the 2018 presidential election. He is usually described by political analysts and supporters as a pro-business centrist, closely associated with the political and financial establishment.[1]

This name uses Portuguese naming customs: the first or maternal family name is Rodrigues and the second or paternal family name is Alckmin.

Geraldo Alckmin
National President of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party
In office 9 December 2017 – 31 May 2019
Preceded by	Alberto Goldman (Acting)
Succeeded by	Bruno Araújo
31st and 35th Governor of São Paulo
In office 1 January 2011 – 6 April 2018
Vice Governor	Guilherme Afif Domingos (2011–2015) Márcio França (2015–2018)
Preceded by	Alberto Goldman
Succeeded by	Márcio França
In office 6 March 2001 – 30 March 2006 Acting: 22 January 2001 – 6 March 2001
Vice Governor	Vacant (2001–2005) Cláudio Lembo (2005–2006)
Preceded by	Mário Covas
Succeeded by	Cláudio Lembo
Secretary of Development of São Paulo
In office 19 January 2009 – 1 April 2010
Governor	José Serra
Preceded by	Alberto Goldman
Succeeded by	Luciano Almeida
Vice Governor of São Paulo
In office 1 January 1995 – 6 March 2001
Governor	Mário Covas
Preceded by	Aloysio Nunes
Succeeded by	Cláudio Lembo
Federal Deputy for São Paulo
In office 1 February 1987 – 15 December 1994
State Deputy of São Paulo
In office 1 February 1983 – 1 February 1987
27th Mayor of Pindamonhangaba
In office 15 March 1977 – 15 May 1982
Preceded by	João Bosco Nogueira
Succeeded by	Thiers Fernandes Lobo
Alderman of Pindamonhangaba
In office 1 February 1973 – 1 February 1977
Personal details
Born	Geraldo José Rodrigues de Alckmin Filho (1952-11-07) 7 November 1952 Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Political party	PMDB (1972–1988) PSDB (1988–present)
Spouse(s)	Maria Lúcia Ribeiro ​ ( m. 1979)
Children	Sophia Alckmin (b. 1981) Geraldo Alckmin Neto (b. 1982) Thomaz Alckmin (1983 – 2015)
Alma mater	University of Taubaté
Signature
Website	Official website

Alckmin was elected governor of São Paulo in 2010 and reelected in 2014, for the fourth (not consecutive) time.[2] He was previously his party's candidate for president of Brazil in the 2006 elections. He attended the Universidade de Taubaté's medical school, specializing in Anesthesiology, before going on to work in the São Paulo Public Service Hospital. He resigned on 6 April 2018 to run for president, for a second time, in the 2018 elections.[3] His vice governor Márcio França will hold the office until the end of the term.

Biography

Geraldo José Rodriguez Alckmin Filho was born in the city of Pindamonhangaba, Vale do Paraíba. Alckmin is the son of Geraldo José Rodriguez Alckmin and Miriam Penteado. Geraldo is the nephew of José Geraldo Rodriguez de Alckmin, who was a minister of the Supreme Federal Court. According to Época magazine, Geraldo received a Christian formation from the Opus Dei Catholic prelature, and told the magazine that his uncle Jose Geraldo was from Opus Dei.[4]

Geraldo is married to Maria Lúcia Ribeiro Alckmin and is the father of three children. Sophia, Geraldo and Thomaz.[5] Thomaz died in a helicopter accident on 2 April 2015.[6]

Political career

While still in his first year of medical school, Alckmin began his political career in 1972 when he was elected to the Pindamonhangaba city council (1973–1977), and then its mayor (1977–1982). At age 25, he was the youngest Brazilian mayor. He was elected a federal deputy for two terms, (1983–1987 and 1987–1994), distinguishing himself by authoring consumer protection laws. In 1988, he was one of the founders of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB).

He was elected vice governor of São Paulo, Mário Covas's running-mate first in the 1994 election and then again in 1998. With the death of Covas, he assumed the governorship of the state of São Paulo in March, 2001, he continued Covas' policies, investing in large, state-run projects, health and education programs. All of these investments were possible through privatization programs that sold off public and state-owned companies. He was elected governor on October 27, 2002, through a runoff election, for the 2003–2006 term, with 12 million votes (or 58.64%). His current administration is marked by a reduction in the state payroll from 49% to 46% of the state's budget, the unification of purchasing systems and other "smart spending" initiatives, as well as the implementation of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs).

2006 presidential election

On March 14, 2006, PSDB nominated Alckmin as its candidate for president in the 2006 elections. Because of electoral rules, no candidate running for office may currently be in an executive office, forcing him to resign the governorship on March 31, 2006. Cláudio Lembo, the lieutenant governor, finished Alckmin's term. Alckmin's party mate, José Serra, the PSDB's presidential standard-bearer who lost to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in 2002, then announced his candidacy to replace Alckmin in the 2006 state elections. Serra won the vote in Brazil's first round elections on October 1, 2006 and was elected as the governor of São Paulo.

Contrary to all major polls taken in the run-up to the October 1, 2006 balloting, Alckmin surprised almost everyone and came in second place in the presidential election. His 41.64% of the vote,[7] along with votes cast for two less significant candidates, as well as ballots that were left blank or spoiled, was enough to deny the simple majority necessary to re-elect incumbent President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ("Lula") in the first round. Lula and Alckmin faced one another in a run-off election on October 29, 2006. Alckmin received 39% of the vote, losing to Lula, who received 61% of the vote and was then reelected.

Return to São Paulo

On January 19, 2009, Geraldo was appointed Secretary of Development for the State of São Paulo by then-Governor José Serra.[8][9]

Governor of São Paulo; 2011–2018

State Elections 2010

At the PSDB Convenction held on June 13, 2010, Alckmin was officially named the party's candidate for the São Paulo government.[10]

Alckmin was elected governor in the first round with 11.5 million votes (50.63%) defeating Senator Aloizio Mercadante (PT) who obtained 8 million votes (35.23%).[11]

Third term as Governor; 2011–2014

Alckmin assumed the government of São Paulo for the third time on January 1, 2011. The inauguration took place during a ceremony held at State Legislative Assembly.[12]

His administration in 2013 faces strikes in education and health.[13][14] After the readjustment in the passage of the metropolitan trains and the subway, great manifestations of protests began, that also happened in all Brazil. The readjustment was later suspended by Alckmin and the mayor of São Paulo, Fernando Haddad.[15]

Alckmin's reelection campaign for 2014 was officialized on June 29, 2014.[16] In the first round, on October 5, 2014, he was re-elected with 12.2 million votes (57.31%), being the second highest percentage of votes since the redemocratization of Brazil.[17]

Fourth Term; 2015–2018

Geraldo Alckmin took office for the fourth time as governor of São Paulo on January 1, 2015.[18]

2018 presidential campaign

In a convention held on 9 December 2017, Alckmin was elected the PSDB's national president in a 470–3 vote, succeeding Minas Gerais senator Aécio Neves, and announced his pre-candidacy for next year's presidential race.[19] On 23 February 2018, after Manaus mayor Arthur Virgílio Neto suspended his campaign, Alckmin became the sole candidate for the party's primary. His candidacy became official on 6 March 2018.[20]

Since resigning as governor and losing his legal immunity, Alckmin has been the target of a probe by electoral justice authorities for allegations that construction company Odebrecht illegally funneled R$10 million into his 2010 and 2014 campaign. He has denied wrongdoing, saying the funds were of "electoral nature" and that the allegation "does not proceed".[21]

In early May 2018, Alckmin announced his campaign communications team, which is headed by Luis Felipe d'Avila with Lula Guimarães as marketing director.[22] Later that month, he announced his economic advisorial team, which includes Plano Real economists Edmar Bacha and Persio Arida.[23] In late July, Alckmin negotiated a coalition with the "centrão" (big centre), a group of parties in Congress composed of DEM, PP, PR, PRB and SD.[24] On 2 August 2018, Rio Grande do Sul senator Ana Amélia Lemos, a member of PP, was confirmed as Alckmin's running mate in the general election.[25] As the candidate with the largest coalition, Alckmin has secured the longest slot for political ads on free-to-air television channels.[26]

As candidate, Alckmin has proposed a smaller government and reduction of taxes, and has defended the labor reform that took place in the administration of President Michel Temer.[27]

References

1. "Brazil's Pro-Business Candidate Won't Win Alone, Protege Says". Bloomberg.com. 2018-05-15. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
2. Alckmin elected São Paulo governor for 4th time Agência Brasil, October 5, 2014
3. Mellis, Fernando (6 April 2018). "Governador com mais tempo no cargo, Alckmin renuncia nesta sexta" [Governor with longest time in office, Alckmin resigns this Friday]. Noticias.r7.com (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 April 2018.
4. Eliane Brum e Ricardo Mendonça (16 January 2006). "O Governador e a Obra". Época. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
5. "Candidatos - Presidente - Geraldo Alckmin" (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. 12 August 2006. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
6. Tim MacFarlan (6 April 2015). "Helicopter crashes into Sao Paulo house killing five including local politician's son". Daily Mail. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
7. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-12-01. Retrieved 2006-10-03.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
8. José Alberto Bombig e Fernando Barros de Mello (19 January 2009). "Alckmin é o novo secretário de Desenvolvimento de Serra". Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
9. "Geraldo Alckmin assume secretaria em São Paulo". Clicrbs. 19 January 2009. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
10. Daniel Roncaglia (June 13, 2010). "PSDB lança Geraldo Alckmin candidato ao governo paulista". Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
11. "Apuração completa - Governador". Folha de S.Paulo. October 3, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
12. "Alckmin toma posse e promete trabalhar 'não apenas por São Paulo, mas pelo Brasil'". Folha de S.Paulo. 1 January 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
13. Gabriela Vieira e Ricardo Chapola (5 June 2013). "Greve afeta 14 hospitais estaduais na capital, diz sindicato". O Estado de S. Paulo. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
14. Viana, Julia Basso (19 April 2013). "Professores decidem greve em assembleia na Avenida Paulista". Portal G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 July 2013.
15. "Haddad e Alckmin anunciam redução das tarifas para R$ 3 em SP". Terra. 19 June 2013. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
16. Tatiana Santiago (29 June 2014). "PSDB oficializa candidatura de Alckmin à reeleição ao governo de SP". G1. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
17. Paulo Saldaña (5 October 2014). "Geraldo Alckmin é reeleito governador de SP com 57% dos votos". O Estado de S. Paulo. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
18. Débora Melo e Janaina Garcia (1 January 2015). "Alckmin assume 4º mandato e não cita crise hídrica em SP". Terra. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
19. "Por 470 votos a 3, PSDB elege Geraldo Alckmin presidente nacional do partido". G1.globo.com. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
20. "Arthur Virgílio desiste, e Alckmin deve ser candidato do PSDB à Presidência". 1.folha.uol.com.br. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
21. "Alckmin diz que delação da Odebrecht é de 'natureza eleitoral' e 'não tem procedência' - Política - Estadão". Politica.estadao.com.br. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
22. Jardim, Lauro. "O time da comunicação - Lauro Jardim - O Globo". Lauro Jardim - O Globo. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
23. "Alckmin anuncia equipe econômica com criadores do Plano Real - Política - Estadão". Politica.estadao.com.br. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
24. "Após ameaças de divisão, Centrão fecha com Alckmin para tentar chegar ao segundo turno". G1.globo.com. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
25. "Alckmin confirma Ana Amélia como vice". Poder360.com.br. 2 August 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
26. "Alckmin terá 44% da TV; líderes, Bolsonaro e Marina dependerão da internet". 1.folha.uol.com.br. 5 August 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
27. "A trajetória de Alckmin, candidato do PSDB à Presidência". Nexojornal.com.br. Retrieved 1 November 2018.

External links

• Geraldo 45 - unofficial website

Political offices
Preceded by Aloysio Nunes	Vice Governor of São Paulo 1995–2001	Vacant Title next held by Cláudio Lembo
Preceded by Mário Covas	Governor of São Paulo 2001–2006; 2011–2018	Succeeded by Cláudio Lembo
Preceded by Alberto Goldman		Succeeded by Márcio França
Party political offices
Preceded by Mário Covas	PSDB nominee for Governor of São Paulo 2002, 2010, 2014	Succeeded by José Serra
Preceded by José Serra		Succeeded by João Doria
Preceded by José Serra	PSDB nominee for Mayor of São Paulo 2008	Succeeded by José Serra
Preceded by José Serra	PSDB nominee for President of Brazil 2006, 2018	Succeeded by José Serra
Preceded by Aécio Neves		Most recent
Preceded by Alberto Goldman Acting	President of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party 2017–2019	Succeeded by Bruno Araújo