George R. Latham

George Robert Latham (March 9, 1832 – December 16, 1917) was a 19th-century Virginia farmer, lawyer and politician who helped found the state of West Virginia during the American Civil War, during which he served as a colonel in the Union Army. He later served one term in the United States House of Representatives representing West Virginia's 2nd congressional district(1864-1866), as well as became U.S. Consul in Melbourne, Australia (1867-1870) before returning to West Virginia to farm and hold various civic offices.[1]

George Robert Latham
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from West Virginia's 2nd district
In office March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867
Preceded by	William G. Brown
Succeeded by	Bethuel Kitchen
Personal details
Born	(1832-03-09)March 9, 1832 Hamarket, Virginia
Died	December 16, 1917(1917-12-16) (aged 85) Buckhannon, West Virginia
Political party	Unconditional Unionist
Profession	Politician, Lawyer

Early and family life

Born near Haymarket, Prince William County, Virginia, on March 9, 1832, Latham received an education suited to his class, then read law.

In 1857 in Taylor County, Latham married the former Caroline Thayer (1834-1928), daughter of blacksmith Franklin Thayer (1803-1878), who had been born in Massachusetts but married Virginian Nancy Mason and raised their children in Virginia. In the 1860 census, Latham's young family in Grafton in Taylor County also included Caroline's 15-year-old sister and two printers, presumably boarders.[2] By 1870, Franklin Taylor was incapacitated and had moved from Boothsville in Marion County to Pruntytown in Taylor County (at the intersection of the Northwestern Turnpike and the Beverly/Fairmont Road), and was the head of a household which consisted of his wife, three sons (including West Virginia infantry veteran Franklin T. Thayer) and another daughter, as well as George and Caroline Latham and their by then five children.[3] The Lathams would have eight children: Charles Ogilivie Latham (1858 - 1942), Juliet A. Latham (1862-), Annie V. Latham (1864-), Harriett Latham (1867-), John Franklin Latham (1868-), Elizabeth A. Latham (), George Robert Latham Jr. (1873 - 1936) and William Thayer Latham (1874 - 1962).[4] Franklin Thayer's great-grandfather, Capt. Abel Thayer, had been a patriot during the American Revolutionary War who had raised the alarm at Lexington and fought to defend Boston.[5]

Career

Latham crossed the Appalachian Mountains as a young man, was admitted to the Virginia bar in 1859, and began his legal practice in Grafton, Taylor County, Virginia (now West Virginia), a booming railroad town where the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad connected with the Northwestern Virginia Railroad. By 1860, he was publishing a weekly newspaper, the Western Virginian with a motto "the Constitution, the Union and the Enforcement of the Laws" and which endorsed the Constitutional Union Party slate consisting of John Bell of Tennessee and Edward Everett of Massachusetts.[6]

Latham soon commanded the local militia, the Grafton Guards. When contrary to the wishes of western Virginia delegates, the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861 voted for secession on April 17 and various Virginia militia units seized the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry the following day, Latham and his Grafton Guards protected their railroads. The Clarksburg Resolution called for western Virginians to meet at Wheeling on May 13, 1861, before the vote, and Latham became active Taylor County's primary for delegates to the Wheeling Convention. Days after Virginians (over the opposition of western Virginians) voted to secede from the Union on May 23, Latham and his Grafton Guards took the train to Wheeling where they became Company B of the 2nd West Virginia Infantry Regiment.

Thus, Latham began serving in the Union Army as captain. Latham was promoted to colonel of the 6th West Virginia Cavalry Regiment. However, he was court-martialed for neglect of duty in allowing the B&O railroad's New Creek Station to be captured by Confederates in November 1864 with almost no resistance.[7] Although convicted and sentenced to be dismissed from the service, perhaps because senior authorities recognized the number of times the station changed hands and the size of the raiding force, Latham nonetheless returned to duty and was brevetted brigadier general on March 13, 1865, days after the court martial conviction was reversed and shortly before he was honorably discharged.[8]

West Virginia voters elected Latham an Unconditional Unionist to the United States House of Representatives in 1864, and he served from 1865 to 1867, but did not seek re-election. Instead, he accepted an appointment consul at Melbourne, Australia in 1867, returning to West Virginia in 1870. Latham then briefly lived with his elderly father-in-law and relatives before moved to Buckhannon, the county seat of Upshur County, West Virginia, where he farmed as well as served as school superintendent from 1875 to 1877, Latham also supervised a district of the United States Census for the 10th Census (the first census division of West Virginia).[9]

Death and legacy

Latham died in Buckhannon, Upshur County, West Virginia on December 16, 1917. He was interred in Heavner Cemetery in Buckhannon.[10]

References

1. • United States Congress. "George R. Latham (id: L000107)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
2. 1870 U.S. Federal Census for Taylor County, Virginia, family no. 785
3. 1870 U.S. Federal Census for Webster District, Taylor County, West Virginia, family no. 140
4. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/154165030/caroline-amelia-latham
5. DAR genealogy on ancestry.com
6. George Wesley Atkinson and Alvaro Franklin Gibbens, Prominent Men of West Virginia (W.L. Callin 1890) p. 405, available at https://books.google.com/books?id=vLYUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA404&lpg
7. http://www.wvculture.org/history/sesquicentennial/18641128.html
8. National Archives, RG 153, Entry 15A, Court martial case file NN-3449
9. Prominent Men p. 405
10. "George R. Latham". Find a Grave. Retrieved 2008-02-14.

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by William G. Brown Sr.	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from West Virginia's 2nd congressional district March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867	Succeeded by Bethuel Kitchen