Gayndah

Gayndah /ˈɡeɪndə/[2] is a town and locality in the North Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia.[3][4] In the 2016 census, Gayndah had a population of 1,981 people.[1] It is the administrative centre for the North Burnett Region.

Gayndah
Queensland
Gayndah, seen from the town lookout
Gayndah
Coordinates25.6244°S 151.6080°E / -25.6244; 151.6080 (Gyndah (town centre))
Population1,981 (2016 census)[1]
 • Density29.090/km2 (75.34/sq mi)
Established1849
Postcode(s)4625
Elevation106 m (348 ft)
Area68.1 km2 (26.3 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location
LGA(s)North Burnett Region
State electorate(s)Callide
Federal Division(s)Flynn
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
28.2 °C
83 °F		 13.6 °C
56 °F		 766.9 mm
30.2 in
Localities around Gayndah:
Dirnbir Ideraway
Bon Accord		 Wetheron
Mount Debateable Gayndah Ginoondan
Woodmillar The Limits Campbell Creek

Geography
Map of the town of Gayndah, 2015

Gayndah is on the Burnett River and the Burnett Highway passes through the town. Apart from the town in the western part of the locality, the land is used for cropping and grazing. The Gayndah railway station is located on the north side of the river and is on the Mungar Junction to Monto Branch railway line.[5]

Duchess Mountain is immediately to the south-west of the town (25°38′00″S 151°36′47″E) and at 190 metres (620 ft) provides excellent views over the town (100 metres (330 ft) above sea level).[5][6]

Gayndah is 366 kilometres (227 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane, and 145 kilometres (90 mi) west of the regional city of Maryborough.

Agriculture and grazing have been the dominant industries of the area. The town is the centre of Queensland's largest citrus-growing area.

History

The name Gayndah is of Aboriginal origin but the derivative is unclear. It may derive either from Gu-in-dah (or Gi-un-dah), meaning thunder, or from Ngainta meaning place of scrub.[7] Alternatively it may be derived from Waka language kunda meaning range or ridge, or ga-een-ta meaning bushy land.[3] Wakka Wakka (Waka Waka, Wocca Wocca, Wakawaka) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Burnett River catchment. The Wakka Wakka language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the North and South Burnett Regional Council, particularly the towns of Gayndah, Cherbourg, Murgon, Kingaroy, Eidsvold and Mundubbera.[8]

The well-known "Wetheron" property, 12 miles from Gayndah, was taken up by William Humphrey in 1845, and from him it passed to the Hons. Berkeley Basil and Seymour Moreton, sons of the Earl of Ducie. When the foundations of Gayndah were being laid there were only a few squatters on the Burnett River, and these were nearly all educated men of good families with command of money and the confidence of the banks and financial institutions.

Exploration of the Gayndah area began in 1847 by explorer Thomas Archer and Surveyor James Charles Burnett (1815-1854).[9] The first European settlers arrived in 1848, and the town was established in the following year. A post office was established at Gayndah in 1850.[10] This suggests that Gayndah may be the oldest officially gazetted town in Queensland, although the Moreton Bay penal colony of 47 people was established at Redcliffe on Moreton Bay in 1824 but relocated in 1825 to a site on the Brisbane River (now Brisbane's central business district).

Brisbane's population by 1856 was only an estimated 3,840. Gayndah and Ipswich were regional towns of similar size and competed with Brisbane to become the capital of Queensland when it became a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859. The main impetus to the growth of Brisbane and the development of a distinctive city centre came through the introduction of self-government, hand-in-hand with immigration and general economic expansion. By 1868 Brisbane was the largest town in Queensland with a population of 15,240.[11]

In 1857 Tom White came to Gayndah and started the newspaper, The Burnett Argus in April 1861.[12][13]

Gayndah State School opened on 12 October 1863.[14]

In 1870 the first Catholic church opened in Gayndah. In 1912 Father Patrick Brady decided a new church was needed. On 18 April 1915 Archbishop James Duhig blessed and opened the new church before a crowd of 800 people. The new church was built at 46 Meson Street (25.6232°S 151.6061°E / -25.6232; 151.6061 (St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church)) on the south bank of the Burnett River and was 60 by 32 feet (18.3 by 9.8 m) with walls 15 feet (4.6 m) high and constructed of ferro-concrete with asbestos roof tiles. The architects were R. Cook & Sons and it was built by contractor H.G. Millar. The total cost of the building and furnishings was about £1500.[15]

The railway was opened to Gayndah on 16 December 1907. Historian Matt J Fox spoke of Gayndah in 1923: "The Gazette now represents the Press in Gayndah, which is a very prosperous town of nearly a thousand people, the centre of a thriving district of farmers and fruit-growers and squatters, with a rural population of over 4,000 people".[16]

In 1872, the town was the location where the hoax fish Ompax spatuloides was supposedly procured.[17]

Gayndah North State School opened on 14 February 1918. It closed on 24 August 1931.[14]

Gayndah Aboriginal Provisional School opened on 8 August 1918. It became Gayndah Aboriginal State School in 1942. It closed in 1949.[14]

Gayndah War Memorial, 2008

On 8 September 1919 the Gayndah War Memorial was dedicated by the Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Burnett, Bernard Corser.[18]

St Joseph's School opened on 6 October 1919.[14]

During World War 2, Gayndah was the location of RAAF No.8 Inland Aircraft Fuel Depot (IAFD), completed in 1942 and closed on 29 August 1944. Usually consisting of 4 tanks, 31 fuel depots were built across Australia for the storage and supply of aircraft fuel for the RAAF and the US Army Air Forces at a total cost of £900,000 ($1,800,000).[19]

Another famous hoax is the story of the Gayndah Bear, a black bear said to be wandering around the banks of the Burnett river. The Gayndah Bear was first sighted in the late 1950s and again in 2000.[20]

Gayndah State High School opened on 29 January 1963. On 3 March 2006 it became Burnett State College.[14]

Church of the Sacred Heart at Byrnestown, 1925

In 1969 the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart at Byrnestown was moved to Gayndah to serve as the church hall for St Joseph's Catholic Church. To reduce the risk of future cyclone damage, the roof was lowered by reducing the height of the walls and reducing the pitch of the roof.[21]

The Mango Tree is a 1977 Australian drama film based on the novel The Mango Tree by Ronald McKie and directed by Kevin Dobson and starring Geraldine Fitzgerald and Sir Robert Helpmann.[22] Filming took place in the town of Gayndah, Mount Perry and Cordalba as well as Bundaberg. The shoot went for seven weeks starting April and ending in June.[23] The streets of Gayndah were closed for filming and a street-scape was created to emulate the 19th century period of the screenplay. Gayndah was chosen because much of its early, country town architecture was intact and reflected the period effectively. Lead actor Christopher Pate is the son of actor Michael Pate who also produced the film.[24]

At the 2006 census, Gayndah had a population of 1,745.[25]

In the 2011 census, Gayndah had a population of 1,789 people.[26]

In the 2016 census, Gayndah had a population of 1,981 people.[1]

Heritage listings

Gayndah has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

  • War memorial
  • Court house
  • Town hall

Climate


Climate data for Gayndah
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 44.6
(112.3)		 41.7
(107.1)		 40.7
(105.3)		 39.1
(102.4)		 35.6
(96.1)		 31.7
(89.1)		 30.1
(86.2)		 33.9
(93.0)		 39.4
(102.9)		 41.8
(107.2)		 42.8
(109.0)		 44.8
(112.6)		 44.8
(112.6)
Average high °C (°F) 32.8
(91.0)		 32.0
(89.6)		 30.9
(87.6)		 28.6
(83.5)		 25.2
(77.4)		 22.4
(72.3)		 21.9
(71.4)		 23.8
(74.8)		 26.9
(80.4)		 29.5
(85.1)		 31.6
(88.9)		 32.8
(91.0)		 28.2
(82.8)
Average low °C (°F) 20.1
(68.2)		 19.9
(67.8)		 18.1
(64.6)		 14.4
(57.9)		 10.3
(50.5)		 7.5
(45.5)		 5.9
(42.6)		 6.8
(44.2)		 10.2
(50.4)		 14.1
(57.4)		 17.1
(62.8)		 19.1
(66.4)		 13.6
(56.5)
Record low °C (°F) 11.1
(52.0)		 10.0
(50.0)		 6.1
(43.0)		 1.1
(34.0)		 −1.1
(30.0)		 −3.9
(25.0)		 −6.0
(21.2)		 −4.9
(23.2)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 1.0
(33.8)		 6.0
(42.8)		 8.3
(46.9)		 −6.0
(21.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 113.8
(4.48)		 106.8
(4.20)		 72.7
(2.86)		 37.2
(1.46)		 38.9
(1.53)		 36.5
(1.44)		 35.7
(1.41)		 26.4
(1.04)		 33.1
(1.30)		 64.3
(2.53)		 81.5
(3.21)		 105.3
(4.15)		 752.2
(29.61)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) 8.8 8.3 7.3 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.5 3.8 4.1 6.4 7.2 8.2 72.9
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[36]


Amenities

The North Burnett Regional Council operates Gayndah Library on Capper Street.[37][38] The library offers publicly accessible Wi-Fi.[39]

The former St Joseph's Convent in Meson St Gayndah was in 2011 converted into an arts and cultural centre, The Gayndah Arts & Cultural Centre which also houses the Gaynah Art Gallery.

The Gayndah branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at 5 Pineapple Street. The branch was founded in 1923 making it one of the longest operating branches.[40]

Education

Gayndah State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 33 Meson Street (25.6238°S 151.6059°E / -25.6238; 151.6059 (Gayndah State School)).[41][42] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 145 students with 10 teachers (8 full-time equivalent) and 14 non-teaching staff (7 full-time equivalent).[43]

St Joseph's School is a Catholic primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 38 Meson Street (25.6233°S 151.6054°E / -25.6233; 151.6054 (St Joseph's School)).[41][44] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 86 students with 10 teachers (8 full-time equivalent) and 10 non-teaching staff (5 full-time equivalent).[43]

Burnett State College is a government secondary (7-12) school for boys and girls at 65 Pineapple Street (25.6318°S 151.6063°E / -25.6318; 151.6063 (Burnett State College)).[41][45] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 249 students with 26 teachers (25 full-time equivalent) and 22 non-teaching staff (15 full-time equivalent).[43]

Visitor attractions

The town's information centre is located inside a man-made orange, known as The Big Orange.

The Gayndah Orange Festival is held every two years to celebrate this industry.

Notable residents
  • Jessica Anderson, who won the Miles Franklin Literary Award in 1978 and 1980, was born in Gayndah.
  • Jacob Moerland, the 12th Australian casualty of Operation Slipper, was from Gayndah.

Sister city

Gayndah has one sister city, according to the Australian Sister Cities Association.

gollark: Sounds like you haven't seen heavserver™ quake® and quartering™©!
gollark: Additionally, heavserver has quadratics, quotations, quotas, questions, quiet, quiescence, quills, quadrilaterals, quotients, quantitativeness, quarries and quivers.
gollark: We also have quartz, and queues.
gollark: Why would we need quanta *and* quantization?
gollark: https://potatos.madefor.cc/ ← potato (S)

References
  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Gayndah (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  2. Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. ISBN 1-876429-14-3
  3. "Gayndah - town in North Burnett Region (entry 13515)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  4. "Gayndah - locality in North Burnett Region (entry 45349)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  5. "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  6. "Duchess Mountain (entry 10653)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
  7. Reed, A. W. (1973). Place Names of Australia, p. 102. Sydney: A. H. & A. W. Reed. ISBN 0-589-07115-7
  8. This Wikipedia article incorporates CC-BY-4.0 licensed text from: "Queensland's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages map". State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  9. Don Dignan, 'Burnett, James Charles (1815–1854)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, published in hardcopy 1969, accessed online 25 September 2014
  10. New South Wales Government Gazette, 19 January 1850, cited by Frew, Joan (1981). Queensland Post Offices 1842–1980 and Receiving Offices 1869–1927, p. 277. Fortitude Valley, Queensland: published by the author, ISBN 0-9593973-0-2.
  11. Marsden,Susan; Urban Heritage; the rise and post-war development of Australia's capital city centres, Australian Council of National Trusts and Australian Heritage Commission, Ausdoc On Demand, Fyshwick ACT, 2000, p22
  12. "No title". Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 2 May 1861. p. 2. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  13. Morrison, Allan Arthur (1952). "Some aspects of Queensland provincial journalism" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland. Brisbane: Royal Historical Society of Queensland. 4 (5): 702–708. ISSN 1837-8366. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  14. Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  15. "NEW CHURCH OPENED". The Brisbane Courier (17, 864). Queensland, Australia. 19 April 1915. p. 10. Retrieved 1 July 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. Fox, Matt J. (Matt Joseph), History of Queensland, its people and industries,...; States Publishing Company, Brisbane, Qld; 1919-1923, p824
  17. "A Mythical Fish". The Advocate. Burnie, Tas.: National Library of Australia. 17 January 1934. p. 5. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  18. "Gayndah War Memorial". Monument Australia. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  19. Australia. Royal Australian Air Force. Historical Section (1995), Logistics units, AGPS Press, ISBN 978-0-644-42798-2
  20. Frazier, Justine (3 February 2000). "Gayndah bear mystery". The World Today. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  21. "Byrnestown St Peter's Catholic Church c 1914 - Opposite 8 Fielding St, Gayndah, QLD". POI Australia. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
  22. "The Mango Tree (1977)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  23. Pike, Andrew and Cooper, Ross; Australian Film 1900–1977: A Guide to Feature Film Production, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998 p320
  24. Wikipedia: The Mango Tree
  25. Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Gayndah (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  26. Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Gayndah". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  27. "North Burnett Local Heritage Register" (PDF). North Burnett Regional Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
  28. "Gayndah War Memorial (entry 600517)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  29. "Court House, Gayndah (entry 601294)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  30. "Mellors Drapery and Haberdashery (entry 601470)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  31. "North Burnett Local Heritage Register" (PDF). North Burnett Regional Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
  32. "Gayndah Shire Hall (entry 602124)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  33. "Gayndah Racecourse (entry 602514)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  34. "Gayndah State School (entry 600516)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  35. "Brick Cottage (entry 602185)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  36. "Gayndah Post Office". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. July 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  37. "Gayndah Library". Public Libraries Connect. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  38. "Gayndah Library Webpage". Gayndah Library. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  39. "Queensland Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016-17" (PDF). Public Libraries Connect. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  40. "Branch Locations". Queensland Country Women's Association. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  41. "State and non-state school details". Queensland Government. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  42. "Gayndah State School". Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  43. "ACARA School Profile 2017". Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  44. "St Joseph's School". Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  45. "Burnett State College". Retrieved 21 November 2018.

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