Gatton Park

Gatton Park is a country estate set in parkland landscaped by Capability Brown near Gatton in Surrey, England.

Gatton Hall surrounded by Gatton Park

Now owned by The Royal Alexandra and Albert School, Gatton Park comprises 250 acres (1.0 km2) of manor and parkland. The property is Grade II listed and is in part administered by the National Trust. The park is Grade II listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.[1]

History

The manor's history can be traced to the Domesday Book of 1086.[2] The manor of Gatton had the privilege granted in 1451 of sending two members to Parliament, a privilege it retained, as a "rotten borough" until the Parliamentary reform of 1832.[3] During the medieval period the manor demesne was enclosed as a deer park.

In the 17th century, the house is mentioned as being in the possession of John Weston of Sutton Place, Surrey (the second and eldest surviving son of Sir Richard III Weston) and his wife, Mary Copley (daughter and heiress of William Copley of Gatton) until 1654.[4]

About 1748 Sir James Colebrooke acquired Gatton Park from William Newland, with the proprietorship of the borough of Gatton,[5] and his brother Sir George Colebrooke had the park landscaped by Capability Brown between 1762 and 1768.[6]

In 1789 Thomas Kingscote went to live at Gatton Park, Surrey, after his friend, Robert Ladbroke, had bought it in the same year. It was a notorious pocket borough and Thomas went there in order to manage the election of Ladbroke’s nominees. Robert Ladbroke bought it from the Graham family.

In 1830,[7] Gatton was purchased by Frederick John Monson, 5th Baron Monson (1809–1841), for £100,000, for the ancient privilege of sending two members to the House of Commons, a perquisite that was cancelled two years later, "and all Lord Monson had for £100,000 was the land".[8] He set about remaking Gatton Hall splendid: for him Thomas Hopper made alterations to Gatton, and further plans that were not executed.[9] The Marble Hall at the center of the main block was revetted in marbles, even to the inlaid marbles of its floor, taking as a general model the Corsini Chapel in San Giovanni in Laterano, though Lord Monson did not cap his hall with a dome. The walls were frescoed by Joseph Severn with the Four Classical Virtues, embodied by historical ladies.

In 1841 the estate was inherited by the 6th Baron Monson who lived in Lincolnshire and who let Gatton, firstly to his aunt and then to Hugh Cairns, 1st Earl Cairns, the Attorney General.[10]

The estate was purchased in 1888 by Sir Jeremiah Colman whose family had established the Colman's mustard food brand in the early 19th century. After a period when the property was requisitioned during the Second World War the estate was then purchased by the current owners, The Royal Alexandra and Albert School.[2]

St Andrew's Church
St Andrews Church, Gatton showing grave of Jeremiah Coleman (large headstone far right)

Near the Hall stands the 13th century church of St Andrew, a Grade I listed building.[11] The church, essentially a chapel for the Hall that is reached from the house by a covered walkway, was richly improved within its simple exterior with imported woodwork in 1834: the pulpit and altar, bought from Nuremberg were hopefully attributed at the time to Albrecht Dürer; the carved doors came from Rouen; the presbytery stalls from a disestablished monastery in Ghent,[12] the altar rails came from Tongeren; stained glass for the windows, and the wainscoting of the nave and carved canopies came from Aarschot, near Leuven. The Gothic screen at the West end came from an unidentified English church, where it had been dismantled and was about to be burnt.[13] "Gatton, rebuilt in the 1830s, is a bijou" reported Nikolaus Pevsner[14] "perhaps the best example in the country of the tendency for the church to become an extension of the landlord's parlour or sculpture gallery." In 1930, stones from the structure were removed by Sir Jeremiah Colman and the contemporary rector of Gatton and given to Colorado College of Colorado Springs, Colorado in the United States to be incorporated into the structure of the Eugene Percy Shove Memorial Chapel in honor of the donor's ancestor, Edward Shove, who was rector of Gatton from 1615 to -46.

Other features of the park
Gatton Town Hall

Also in the Park stands a wooden small square ornamental garden temple with six Tuscan columns, which is a Grade II* listed building.[15] Known ironically as Gatton Town Hall, it is the place where, prior to 1832, the tiny electorate of the Gatton rotten borough voted in their two members of Parliament. Behind the "Town Hall" is a stone urn with serpents entwined on a deep moulded plinth inscribed "in memory of the deceased Borough".

The Millennium Stones in Gatton Park.

During the 1860s Coleman commissioned Henry Ernest Milner to design the parterre.[16][17]

The park is home to a stone circle called The Millennium Stones created by the sculptor Richard Kindersley to mark the double millennium in 2000. It is made from flat Caithness flagstones quarried in the far north of Scotland near Thurso. The first stone in the series is inscribed with the words from St John's Gospel, "in the beginning the word was". The subsequent nine stones are carved with quotations contemporary with each 200 year segment of the 2000 year period, ending with the words of T.S. Eliot "At the still point of the turning world. Neither flesh nor fleshless; Neither from nor towards; at the still point, there the dance is, But neither arrest nor movement."[18]

Notes
  1. Historic England, "Lower Gatton Park (1001409)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 22 March 2018
  2. From 'History' at Gatton Park.com
  3. For this aspect of Gatton, see Gatton (UK Parliament constituency).
  4. Harrison, Frederic. Annals of an Old Manor House: Sutton Place, Guildford. London, 1899, pp. 116,134 and 137.
  5. Owen Manning and William Bray, The History and Antiquities of the County of Surrey, (1803-14, reprinted 1974)
  6. Article on the restoration of the Park to Brown's original plans in The Times
  7. "1830 kauften die Treuhänder des fünften Lord Monson Gatton Park, der bis 1888 im Besitz dieser Familie blieb." Der Garten
  8. Eric Parker, Highways and Byways in Surrey 1908:352.
  9. Howard Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600-1840, 3rd ed. (Yale University Press) 1995, s.v. " Thomas Hopper".
  10. "The Life and Times of Burton Folk" (PDF). Retrieved 13 November 2014.
  11. Historic England. "CHURCH OF ST ANDREW, GATTON PARK (1294726)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  12. When a party from the Surrey Archaeological Society visited in 1850, "Gatton church, as restored by the late Lord Monson, was much admired. The fittings of the interior were mostly purchased by his lordship in Belgium, during the confusion of the revolution of 1830, and thus rescued from further desecration" (The Gentleman's Magazine, August 1860:154).
  13. Gentleman's Magazine 1860:154; Parker 1908:352f
  14. Ian Nairn, Nikolaus Pevsner, Bridget Cherry, Surrey (Buildings of England) 1971:60.
  15. Historic England. "Gatton Town Hall (1029114)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  16. "The Park & Gardens, the Parterre", Gatton Trust, archived from the original on 11 April 2015, retrieved 11 April 2015
  17. Elliott, Brent (2004), "Milner, Henry Ernest (1845–1906)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37771, retrieved 9 April 2015 (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  18. Gatton Park, The Millennium Stones The Megalithic Portal, 9 February 2010.
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