Flatidae
Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characters. Like all other planthoppers, they suck phloem sap of plants. Some species are known to communicate with vibrations through the plant stems.[1] Communication may be with mates, or with ants that tend the nymphs, protecting them and gathering honeydew secretions.[2] Adults of some species have brightly coloured forewings which are tougher and known as tegmina unlike the membranous hindwings which are used for flight. Although a few can be identified by their coloration, most species requires dissection and examination under a microscope with access to literature on already described species.[3]
| Flatidae | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| adult bugs and nymphs (Phromnia rosea) Ankarana Reserve, Madagascar | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Infraorder: | Fulgoromorpha |
| Superfamily: | Fulgoroidea |
| Family: | Flatidae |
| Subfamilies | |
| |
.jpg)
Ormenoides venusta nymph
There are two sub-families within the family. In the subfamily Flatinae, the body of adults is flattened laterally and the tegmina are tent-like. In the Flatoidinae, the body is not laterally compressed and the tegmina are not as tent-like and sometimes held horizontally. The wing venation is distinctive in that the veins in the anal region are nodose, and the costal area has numerous cross veins.[4] The antennae are small and the first segment is collar-like and small. The second segment is longer and ends in a bulge and a flagellum arises from it. They have two ocelli. Nymphs have a tail of waxy filaments.
Genera
Genera within the family Flatidae include:[5]
- Acanthoflata Fennah, 1947
- Acrophaea Melichar, 1901
- Acutisha Medler, 1991
- Adelidoria Metcalf, 1952
- Adexia Melichar, 1901
- Aflata Melichar, 1901
- Afrexoma Fennah, 1976
- Afrocyarda Fennah, 1965
- Afrodascalia Fennah, 1958
- Afrophantia Fennah, 1958
- Afrormenis Fennah, 1958
- Afroseliza Fennah, 1961
- Alcaxor Fennah, 1947
- Amasha Medler, 1992
- Anadascalia Melichar, 1923
- Anatracis Fennah, 1958
- Anaya Distant, 1906
- Anggira Distant, 1906
- Anidora Melichar, 1901
- Anormenis Melichar, 1923
- Anthoflata Fennah, 1947
- Antillormenis Fennah, 1942
- Anzora Medler, 1986
- Aphanophantia Kirkaldy, 1906
- Apolexis Jacobi, 1936
- Arelata Stål, 1862
- Atella Stål, 1866
- Atracis Stål, 1866
- Atracodes Melichar, 1902
- Aulophorina Strand, 1928
- Austrodascalia Fletcher, 1988
- Bahuflata Dlabola, 1979
- Barsac Fletcher, 1988
- Betracis Medler, 1988
- Bochara Distant, 1906
- Boretsis Medler, 1996
- Brysora Medler, 2000
- Budginmaya Fletcher & Moir, 2009
- Burnix Medler, 1988
- Byllis Stål, 1866
- Byllisana Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
- Bythopsyrna Melichar, 1901
- Caesonia Stål, 1866
- Calauria Stål, 1866
- Cameruniola Strand, 1928
- Capistra Fennah, 1947
- Carthaeomorpha Melichar, 1901
- Catracis Medler, 1988
- Cenestra Stål, 1862
- Cerfennia Stål, 1870
- Cerynia Stål, 1862
- Chaetormenis Melichar, 1923
- Chaturbuja Distant, 1906
- Circumdaksha Distant, 1910
- Cisatra Melichar, 1923
- Colgar Kirkaldy, 1900
- Colgaroides Distant, 1910
- Colobesthes Amyot & Serville, 1843
- Comnar Medler, 1988
- Conflata Schmidt, 1912
- Copsyrna Stål, 1862
- Cromgar Medler, 2000
- Cromna Walker, 1857
- Cromnella Fennah, 1969
- Cryomna Medler, 2000
- Cryptobarsac Fletcher & Moir, 2002
- Cryptoflata Melichar, 1901
- Cyarda Walker, 1858
- Cyphopterum Melichar, 1905
- Daeda Banks, 1910
- Daksha Distant, 1906
- Dakshiana Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
- Dalapax Amyot & Serville, 1843
- Danavara Distant, 1906
- Dascalia Stål, 1862
- Dascalina Melichar, 1902
- Dascaliomorpha Melichar, 1923
- Dascanga Medler, 2000
- Decipha Medler, 1988
- Delostenopium Jacobi, 1928
- Demina Medler, 2000
- Dendrona Melichar, 1923
- Deocerus Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
- Derisa Melichar, 1901
- Dermoflata Melichar, 1901
- Desanta Medler, 2000
- Diastracis Medler, 1988
- Doria Melichar, 1901
- Doriana Metcalf, 1952
- Dworena Medler, 1986
- Epormenis Fennah, 1945
- Erotana Medler, 2000
- Eudascalia Melichar, 1923
- Eugyaria Synave, 1962
- Euhyloptera Fennah, 1945
- Eumelicharia Kirkaldy, 1906
- Euphanta Melichar, 1901
- Eurima Melichar, 1901
- Eurocalia Van Duzee, 1907
- Eurocerus Metcalf, 1945
- Euryphantia Kirkaldy, 1906
- Euryprosthius Karsch, 1890
- Exoma Melichar, 1902
- Falcophantis Fletcher, 1988
- Farona Melichar, 1901
- Flata Fabricius, 1798
- Flataloides 1938
- Flatarina Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
- Flatarissa Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
- Flatida White, 1846
- Flatidissa Metcalf, 1952
- Flatina Melichar, 1901
- Flatiris Fennah, 1947
- Flatoides Guérin-Méneville, 1844
- Flatoidessa Melichar, 1923
- Flatoidinus Melichar, 1923
- Flatomorpha Melichar, 1901
- Flatopsis Melichar, 1902
- Flatoptera Melichar, 1901
- Flatormenis Melichar, 1923
- Flatosaria Melichar, 1923
- Flatosoma Melichar, 1901
- Flatula Melichar, 1901
- Franciscus Distant, 1910
- Gaja Distant, 1906
- Garanta Medler, 2000
- Geisha Kirkaldy, 1900
- Geraldtonia Distant, 1910
- Giselia † Haupt, 1956
- Gomeda Distant, 1906
- Grapaldus Distant, 1914
- Gyaria Stål, 1862
- Gyariella Schmidt, 1924
- Gyarina Melichar, 1901
- Hameishara Linnavuori, 1973
- Hansenia Melichar, 1901
- Hesperophantia Kirkaldy, 1904
- Hilavrita Distant, 1906
- Humgar Medler, 2000
- Hyphancylus Fowler, 1904
- Hypsiphanta Jacobi, 1928
- Idume Stål, 1866
- Ijagar Medler, 2000
- Ilesia Fennah, 1942
- Insulume Medler, 1999
- Ityraea Stål, 1866
- Jamella Kirkaldy, 1906
- Juba Jacobi, 1901
- Karrama Medler, 1988
- Kayania Distant, 1910
- Ketumala Distant, 1906
- Lasura Medler, 1992
- Latois Stål, 1866
- Lawana Distant, 1906
- Lechaea Stål, 1866
- Lecopia Medler, 1991
- Lemaria Medler, 1988
- Leptodascalia Melichar, 1923
- Leptormenis Melichar, 1923
- Lesabes Medler, 1988
- Lichena Melichar, 1901
- Lichenopsis Schmidt, 1912
- Locrona Fennah, 1945
- Madoxychara Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2013
- Malleja Medler, 1990
- Massila Walker, 1862
- Melicharia Kirkaldy, 1900
- Melichitona Metcalf, 1952
- Melormenis Metcalf, 1938
- Melormenoides Metcalf, 1954
- Menora Medler, 1999
- Mesophantia Melichar, 1901
- Metcalfa Caldwell & Martorell, 1951
- Meulona Zia, 1935
- Microflata Melichar, 1901
- Mimophantia Matsumura, 1900
- Miniscia Medler, 1991
- Mistaria Medler, 1988
- Mistharnophantia Kirkaldy, 1907
- Monoflata Melichar, 1923
- Mosiona Melichar, 1923
- Nakta Distant, 1906
- Narowalenus Shakila, 1991
- Neocalauria Synave, 1957
- Neocerus Melichar, 1901
- Neocromna Distant, 1910
- Neodaksha Distant, 1910
- Neoflata Melichar, 1923
- Neomelicharia Kirkaldy, 1903
- Neosalurnis Distant, 1910
- Neosephena Medler, 2000
- Neovariata Shakila, 1984
- Nephesa Amyot & Serville, 1843
- Nivalios Zhang, Peng & Wang, 2011
- Nullina Medler, 1991
- Ormenana Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
- Ormenaria Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
- Ormenina Fennah, 1947
- Ormenis Stål, 1862
- Ormenoflata Melichar, 1923
- Ormenoides Melichar, 1923
- Ortracis Medler, 1996
- Oryxa Melichar, 1901
- Panormenis Melichar, 1923
- Papuanella Distant, 1914
- Paracalauria Synave, 1962
- Paracromna Melichar, 1901
- Paradaksha Distant, 1910
- Paradascalia 1938
- Paraflata Melichar, 1901
- Paraflatoides Melichar, 1923
- Paraflatoptera Lallemand, 1939
- Paragomeda Distant, 1914
- Paraketumala Distant, 1912
- Paranotus Karsch, 1890
- Paraseliza Melichar, 1923
- Parasiphanta Fletcher, 1988
- Paratella Melichar, 1901
- Paroxychara Lallemand & Synave, 1951
- Parthenormenis Fennah, 1949
- Pauliana Lallemand, 1950
- Perinetella Synave, 1956
- Persepolia Dlabola & Safavi, 1972
- Petrusa Stål, 1862
- Phaedolus Karsch, 1890
- Phaiophantia Lindberg, 1958
- Phalaenomorpha 1843
- Phantia Fieber, 1866
- Phantiopsis Melichar, 1905
- Phlebopterum Stål, 1854
- Phromnia Stål, 1862
- Phylliana Metcalf, 1952
- Phyllodryas Kirkaldy, 1913
- Phyllyphanta Amyot & Serville, 1843
- Phymoides Distant, 1910
- Planata Medler, 1999
- Planodascalia Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
- Poeciloflata Melichar, 1901
- Poeciloptera Latreille, 1804
- Poekilloptera Latreille, 1796
- Porophloeus Melichar, 1902
- Psenoflata Fennah, 1947
- Pseudodascalia Melichar, 1923
- Pseudoflatoides Metcalf, 1938
- Pseudoryxa Schmidt, 1904
- Pseudoseliza Peng, Wang & Zhang, 2010
- Pulaha Distant, 1906
- Pulastya Distant, 1906
- Rabocha Melichar, 1923
- Rhinophantia Melichar, 1901
- Rhynchopteryx Van Duzee, 1914
- Ricanoflata Melichar, 1923
- Riculiflata Fennah, 1947
- Riodeorolix Lindberg, 1956
- Sabaethis Jacobi, 1916
- Salurnis Stål, 1870
- Samcerus Medler, 1993
- Sanurus Melichar, 1901
- Satapa Distant, 1906
- Saurana Medler, 1992
- Scarpanta Stål, 1862
- Scarpantina Melichar, 1901
- Scarposa Uhler, 1895
- Scarpuna Medler, 2006
- Seliza Stål, 1862
- Sephena Melichar, 1901
- Shadaka Medler, 2000
- Siphanta Stål, 1862
- Siscia Stål, 1870
- Soares Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2012
- Somisha Medler, 1991
- Sosephena Medler, 1990
- Staliana Medler, 1988
- Stenocyarda Fennah, 1965
- Stenume Medler, 1999
- Summanus Distant, 1916
- Talopsus Medler, 1989
- Taparella Medler, 1989
- Tejasa Distant, 1906
- Tetraceratium Muir, 1924
- Tisia Dlabola, 1981
- Tormenis Medler, 1999
- Trisephena Medler, 1990
- Ulundia Distant, 1910
- Umidena Medler, 1992
- Unnata Distant, 1906
- Urana Melichar, 1901
- Utakwana Distant, 1914
- Uxantis Stål, 1870
- Uysanus 1908
- Walena Medler, 1999
- Zarudnya Melichar, 1901
- Zecheuna Zia, 1935
gollark: Not very much.
gollark: But it's a bit time-consuming to install.
gollark: Well, it's more lightweight and allows a lot of control, and you'll probably learn things while installing it.
gollark: Well, Arch is always superior.
gollark: Delete it, but embed the messages' content into all the next messages <@435756251205468160> sends with ZWS stenography?
References
- Virant-Doberlet, Meta; Žežlina, Ivan (2007). "Vibrational Communication of Metcalfa pruinosa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae)" (PDF). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 100 (1): 73–82. doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[73:VCOMPH]2.0.CO;2.
- Pfeiffer, Martin; Linsenmair,K.E. (2007). "Trophobiosis in a tropical rainforest on Borneo: giant ants Camponotus gigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) herd wax cicadas Bythopsyrna circulata (Auchenorrhyncha: Flatidae)". Asian Myrmecology. 1: 105–119.
- Stephen W. Wilson (2005). "Keys to the families of Fulgoromorpha with emphasis on planthoppers of potential economic importance in the Southeastern United States (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha)" (PDF). Florida Entomologist. 88 (4): 464–481. doi:10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[464:kttfof]2.0.co;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-06.
- F. Muir (1923). "On the classification of the Fulgoroidea (Homoptera)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. 5 (2): 205–247.
- Bourgoin Th. (2013) Hemiptera Database - FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8.
External links
- Pictures of Australian Flatidae genera
- Illustrated overview of Fulgoroidea
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.