Europe 1

Europe 1, formerly known as Europe n° 1, is a privately owned radio station created in 1955. Owned and operated by Lagardère Active, a subsidiary of the Lagardère Group, it is one of the leading radio broadcasting stations in France and its programmes can be received throughout the country.

Europe 1
CityParis and Geneva
Broadcast areaFrance, Switzerland and Belgium
Frequency104.7 MHz (Paris)
104.8 MHz (Marseille)
104.6 MHz (Lyon)
Full list of frequencies in other areas
SloganEurope 1, Écoutez le monde changer
Programming
Language(s)French
FormatNews and talk
Ownership
OwnerLagardère Active
Sister stationsRFM
Virgin Radio
History
First air date1 January 1955 (1955-01-01)
Former call signsEurope n° 1 (1955-1974)
Links
Websitewww.europe1.fr

History

In 1955, to circumvent the prohibition of commercial broadcasting in France after the Second World War, Europe n° 1 was established in the Saarland, a German state that borders France and Luxembourg. Transmissions were not legally authorised, however, until France's post-war administration of the Saarland ceased and sovereignty returned to West Germany in 1957; so, during its first two years (1955–1957), under the direction of Louis Merlin, who had defected from Radio Luxembourg, Europe n° 1 was a pirate radio station. In 1959 the French government bought part of the broadcasting corporation, and this interest is administered today by the Lagardère Group. All programming has always been produced in Paris. For the few parts of France who can't receive the FM signal, longwave broadcast still exists : the programme feed is transferred over ISDN lines to the transmitting station situated on the territory of the villages of Berus and Felsberg in the Saarland, Germany.

From its beginning, Europe n°1's priorities were two-fold: first, news and cultural information with an emphasis on eyewitness accounts rather than an announcer with a script; second, shows aimed at establishing bonds with listeners, including plays, contests, informal talk, popular music, and street-level politics. In both respects, it was a departure from radio formats of the day.

In the 1960s, Europe 1 pioneered a new tone in French radio. Salut les copains became an icon of popular culture and the baby boom generation. Europe 1 played a role in the May 68 political crisis by being the principal source of information untainted by government sanction; it was nicknamed "barricade radio". In the 1970s, President Giscard d'Estaing criticized its "mocking" tone. When the industrialist Jean-Luc Lagardère became president of Europe 1 group, some feared the network might lose its independent point of view.

Since the 1980s, Europe 1 has experienced decreases in audience, and average age of listeners has steadily increased. Both can be traced to the proliferation of FM radio, after socialist President François Mitterrand made FM private radio legal in 1981.[1] In 1986, for equality, the regulation authorities gave FM frequencies to Europe 1 and other peripheral radios still emitting from outside France.[2] A network of Europe 1 FM transmitters was established within France. They later had to be shared with Europe 2, now Virgin Radio. In the 1990s, Europe 1 became a news and talk network. Jean-Pierre Elkabbach became president in 2005. He was dismissed by the CSA (Comité de Surveillance de l'Audiovisuel) after announcing the death of Pascal Sevran prematurely in June 2008 and was replaced by Alexandre Bompard, former Director of the Sports at Canal+.

Today, Europe 1 is France's fifth most popular network, with the other four being RTL (radio-television Luxembourg), France Inter (state-owned, general), NRJ (music) and France Info (state-owned, news).

Europe 1 also became a supplementary active member of the European Broadcasting Union in 1978 and in 1982, an active member.

Programming

Over the last fifty years, the best-known programs on Europe 1 have included: 'Pour ceux qui aiment le jazz' ("For those who love jazz") hosted by Daniel Filipacchi and Franck Ténot, 'Signé Furax' ("Signed, Furax", a comic adventure serial), 'Salut les copains' ("Hi, friends", a pop music programme), 'Campus' (book reviews, interviews with literary personalities, and chat about current events and culture), 'Vous êtes formidables' (a programme devoted to "demonstrations of solidarity"), 'Bonjour, monsieur le maire' (aimed at rural France), 'L'horoscope de Madame Soleil' (astrology), 'Top 50' (a reprise of the musical charts), and 'Le club de la presse' ("Press Club", political conversation). BBC Radio 5 had a translated version of Top 50 called Le Top (with Marc et La Mèche) from 1990 to 1994.

Noted journalists, presenters, and performers have included: Patrick Topaloff, Maurice Siegel, Jean Gorini, André Arnaud, Pierre Bouteiller, Pierre Bellemare, Francis Blanche, Daniel Filipacchi, Frank Ténot, Lucien Morisse, Robert Willar, Albert Simon, Laurent Ferrari and Madame Soleil. Former is Wendy Bouchard. She was succeeded by Laurence Ferrari in 2014.

Europe 1 on longwave

Europe 1 is broadcast in France, from France, through a dense FM network since 1986, but the station was also broadcast on longwave by Europe 1's longwave transmitter until the end of 2019. The longwave feed was transmitted by Europäische Rundfunk- und Fernseh-AG (in English, European Radio and Television Company), broadcasting on longwave at 183 kHz from Felsberg in the Saarland. Car radios in France scanned in 3 kHz steps making it easy to tune 183 kHz.

For longwave, the Felsberg antenna system beamed Europe 1's signal southwestward towards France. In the easterly direction, transmissions were attenuated, so, in Eastern Europe, only a weak signal could be heard. However, because of a defect in the antenna system, only the carrier frequency was properly screened to the east; the sidebands suffered less attenuation, so that, in the east, sideband reception was adequate (especially if using an SSB receiver) but distorted. Following the collapse of one mast in the four-mast phased array on 8 October 2012, the two-mast reserve antenna was used, resulting in a reduced signal in parts of France but a stronger and undistorted signal in northern Europe and the British Isles.

Carrier frequencies on the longwave band are assigned as integer multiples of nine kHz ranging from 153 to 279 kHz. However, the Europe 1 transmitter's frequency, 183 kHz, was offset from the usual nine kHz multiples established under the Geneva Plan.

For longwave, in Felsberg, the four guyed antenna masts which were erected in 1954 and 1955 average 277 metres in height. The building where the transmitters were housed is an architecturally unusual, prestressed-concrete construction that needs no internal supporting columns. It has been designated an architectural monument by the European Union and is a protected structure.

It was reported on 23 December 2019[3] that an email from Lagardère Active had confirmed that the longwave service of Europe 1 would cease transmission at midnight CET on 1 January 2020. In the event, Europe 1 longwave transmission ceased on 31 December 2019 at 23:30 CET.

Visual identity

Logos
  • First old logo of Europe 1 from 1955 until 1965.
  • Old logo of Europe 1 from 1965 until 2001.
  • Old logo of Europe 1 from 2001 until 2005.
  • Old logo of Europe 1 from 2005 until 2010.
  • The logo of Europe 1 since 23 August 2010.

Slogans

  • 1965 - 1975 : Je choisis, Europe 1 !
  • 1975 - 1981 : Europe 1, c'est naturel
  • 1981 - 1986 : De grands moments, à chaque instants
  • 1986 - 2000 : Europe 1 c'est la pêche
  • 2000 - 2001 : Europe 1, c'est bien
  • 2001 - 2005 : Europe 1, ça me parle
  • 2005 - 2009 : Parlons-nous
  • 2009 - 2013 : Europe 1, bien entendu
  • 2013 - 2014 : Europe 1 réveille les Français
  • 2014 - 2016 : Europe 1, Un temps d'avance
  • 2016 - 2018 : Europe 1, Mieux capter son époque
  • 2019 : On est bien, sur Europe 1
  • 2019 : Europe 1, bien dans son époque
  • Since 2019 : Écoutez le monde changer

Hosts

  • Fanny Agostini
  • Elisabeth Assayag
  • Jean-Philippe Balasse
  • Nicolas Barré
  • Jean-Rémi Baudot
  • Matthieu Belliard
  • Nicolas Beytout
  • Catherine Blanc
  • Matthieu Bock
  • Wendy Bouchard
  • Laurent Cabrol
  • Marion Calais
  • Nicolas Canteloup
  • Nicolas Carreau
  • Mathieu Charrier
  • Alain Cirou
  • Benoit Clair
  • François Clauss
  • Pauline Clavière (Summer 2018)
  • Patrick Cohen
  • Yves Coppens (Summer 2018)
  • Céline Da Costa
  • Frédéric Dabi
  • Thierry Dagiral
  • Michaël Darmon
  • Valérie Darmon
  • Olivier Delacroix
  • Valentine Desjeunes
  • Pierre Dezeraud
  • Jean Doridot (Summer 2018)
  • Axel de Tarlé
  • Pierre de Vilno
  • Raphaëlle Duchemin
  • Olivier Duhamel
  • Emmanuel Duteil
  • Carole Ferry
  • Bernard Fripiat
  • François Geffrier
  • Thierry Geffrotin
  • Mélanie Gomez
  • Sébastien Guyot
  • Didier Hameau
  • Aurélie Herbemont
  • Pierre Herbulot
  • Vincent Hervouët
  • Christophe Hondelatte
  • Sébastien Krebs
  • Cyril Lacarrière
  • Jérôme Lacroix
  • Thibault Lambert
  • Sophie Larmoyer
  • Fabien Lecœuvre
  • Marguerite Lefebvre
  • Anne Le Gall
  • Philippe Legrand
  • Thierry Léger
  • Fabienne Le Moal
  • Régis Le Sommier
  • Nathalie Levy
  • Sonia Mabrouk
  • Hélène Mannarino
  • Théo Maneval
  • Sabine Marin
  • Laurent Mariotte
  • Axel May
  • Émilie Mazoyer
  • Anicet Mbida
  • Isabelle Millet
  • Jimmy Mohamed
  • Lénaïg Monier
  • Jean-Pierre Montanay
  • Isabelle Morizet
  • Catherine Nay
  • Matthieu Noël
  • Julien Pearce
  • Roland Perez
  • Shanel Petit
  • Virginie Phulpin
  • Olivier Poels
  • Bernard Poirette
  • Eva Roque
  • Lionel Rosso
  • Anne Roumanoff
  • Virginie Salmen
  • Marion Sauveur
  • Josef Schovanec
  • Frédéric Taddéï
  • Sophie Tusseau
  • Philippe Vandel
  • Xavier Yvon
  • Hélène Zélany
  • Vanessa Zha

Former presenters

Former journalists

  • David Abiker (2010-2019)
  • Antonin André (2008-2011, 2012-2017)
  • Jean-Michel Aphatie (2015-2016, 2018-2019)
  • André Arnaud
  • Jean-Charles Banoun (1998-2013)
  • Laurent Bazin (2004-2005, 2018)
  • Julien Besançon (1955-1970)
  • Guy Birenbaum (2007-2014)
  • Christian Boner (1996-2008)
  • Guillaume Cahour (2010-2012)
  • Yves Calvi (1996-2005)
  • Guy Carlier (2009-2014, 2016-2018)
  • Aymeric Caron (2009-2011)
  • Hervé Chabalier (2013-2017)
  • Arlette Chabot (2011-2015)
  • Patrick Cohen (2008-2010)
  • Gérard Carreyrou
  • Antoine Cormery (1991)
  • Michaël Darmon (2011-2016)
  • Jean-Claude Dassier (1968-1985)
  • Nicolas Demorand (2010-2011)
  • Jean-Michel Dhuez (1999-2013)
  • Bruno Donnet (2017-2018)
  • Jérôme Dorville (1999-2008)
  • David Doukhan (2013-2019)
  • Marie Drucker (2008-2010)
  • Valérie Durier (1991-2008)
  • Albert Ducrocq
  • Guillaume Durand (1978-1987 then 1999-2004 then 2007-2008)
  • Benoît Duquesne (1982-1988 then 2007-2008)
  • Jean-Pierre Elkabbach (1981-2016)
  • Myriam Encaoua (2016-2017)
  • Raphaël Enthoven (2015-2018)
  • Nicolas Escoulan (2017)
  • Samuel Etienne (2013-2017)
  • Emmanuel Faux (1987-2017)
  • Michel Field (1995-2015)
  • Thierry Fréret (1987-2010)
  • Jean Gorini
  • Laurent Guimier (1994-2005, 2011-2014)
  • Pierre Guyot (1995-1998)
  • Claire Hazan (until 2018)
  • Pascal Humeau (2006-2011)
  • Jérôme Ivanichtchenko (2014-2017)
  • Hélène Jouan (2017-2019)
  • Thomas Joubert (2008-2017)
  • Marion Lagardère (2017-2018)
  • Ivan Levaï (1972-1987)
  • Emmanuel Maubert (2006-2013)
  • Jean-Marc Morandini (2003-2016)
  • Étienne Mougeotte (1968 puis 1974 - 1981)
  • Géraldine Muhlmann (2017-2018)
  • Benjamin Muller (2013-2019)
  • Fabien Namias (2017)
  • Robert Namias (1969-1984)
  • Jacques Paoli
  • Benjamin Petrover (2008-2014)
  • Nicolas Poincaré (2011-2018)
  • Natacha Polony (2012-2017)
  • Patrick Roger (2011-2016)
  • Caroline Roux (2012-2016)
  • Eugène Saccomano (1970-2001)
  • Maurice Siegel
  • Albert Simon (Météo)
  • Anne Sinclair (2014-2016)
  • Thomas Sotto (2013-2017)
  • Maxime Switek (2005-2018)
  • Bruce Toussaint (2011-2013)
  • Benjamin Vincent (2003-2009)
  • Géraldine Woessner (2012-2019)
  • Edmond Zucchelli (1985-1998)

Former columnists

See also

References

  1. "30 ans après la libéralisation des ondes françaises, que reste-il des radios libres ?". France Culture.
  2. "La mémoire de la FM > Histoire des radios". SchooP.
  3. "Ydun's Medium Wave Info". Ydun's Medium Wave Info. 23 December 2019.

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gollark: The spec is overcomplicated, it's insecure by default in parser libraries, and there are something like 9 ways to write multiline strings.
gollark: "Basic text" has to be in *some format*.
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