Ernesto Ruffini

Ernesto Ruffini
Styles of; Ernesto Ruffini
Reference style	His Eminence
Spoken style	Your Eminence
Informal style	Cardinal
See	Palermo

Ernesto Ruffini
His Eminence; Ernesto Ruffini
	Cardinal, Archbishop of Palermo
Church	Roman Catholic Church
Archdiocese	Palermo
See	Palermo
Appointed	11 October 1945
Term ended	11 June 1967
Predecessor	Luigi Lavitrano
Successor	Francesco Carpino
Other posts	Cardinal-Priest of Santa Sabina (1946-67); Apostolic Administrator of Piana degli Albanesi (1947-67);
Orders
Ordination	10 July 1910; by Paolo Carlo Francesco Origo
Consecration	8 December 1945; by Giuseppe Pizzardo
Created cardinal	18 February 1946; by Pope Pius XII
Rank	Cardinal-Priest
Personal details
Birth name	Ernesto Ruffini
Born	19 January 1888; San Benedetto Po, Kingdom of Italy
Died	11 June 1967 (aged 79); Palermo, Italy
Previous post	Secretary of the Congregation of Seminaries and Universities (1928-45)
Motto	Firmiter stat
Coat of arms

Ernesto Ruffini (19 January 1888 – 11 June 1967) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Palermo from 1945 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII.

Biography

Ruffini was born in San Benedetto Po in the Province of Mantua, and studied at the diocesan seminary of Mantua, the Pontifical Theological Faculty of Northern Italy (obtaining his licentiate in theology), and the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum) (licentiate in philosophy) and Pontifical Biblical Institute (diploma to teach Biblical Science) in Rome. He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 July 1910, and finished his studies in 1912.

Ruffini taught at the Major Roman Seminary (1913–1930), and then the Pontifical Urbaniana University (1917–1929). Raised to the rank of Monsignor in 1925, he was appointed Secretary of the Congregation of Seminaries and Universities on 28 October 1928. Ruffini was made a Protonotary Apostolic on 15 June 1931. In 1930, Ruffini was made Prefect of Studies at the Pontifical Lateran University, of which he was named rector magnifico in the following year. Noted for his interest in science, Ruffini founded the Medical Biological Union of St. Luke, examining the relationships between Catholicism and science, in 1944.

On 11 October 1945, he was named Archbishop of Palermo by Pope Pius XII. Ruffini received his episcopal consecration on the following 8 December from Giuseppe Cardinal Pizzardo, with Archbishop Francesco Duca and Bishop Domenico Menna serving as co-consecrators. Ruffini was created Cardinal-Priest of S. Sabina by Pius XII in the consistory of 18 February 1946. He was the first cardinal-designate to place his wardrobe order to the Gamarelli episcopal tailors, which he did the same morning as the announcement of his elevation to the Sacred College.[1] He later participated in the 1958 papal conclave, which selected Pope John XXIII. Cardinal Ruffini was also among the papabili at that conclave.[2] A declassified document from a secret source to the American Department of the State says that the election of Ruffini, Siri or Ottaviani would be "a misfortune". Later in the document the anonymous source said they wanted to elect an old Pope so that his reign would be short.[3]

During his tenure as Palermo's archbishop, he supported Francisco Franco,[4] but protested against Communism[5] and anti-Mafia activist Danilo Dolci. He also demanded that the Sicilian bandit Salvatore Giuliano cease murdering within Palermo,[1] and was cautious to be tricked into implying that the Mafia was the main problem of Sicily. To a journalist's question of "What is the Mafia?" he responded: "So far as I know, it could be a brand of detergent."[6]

A stern opponent of reform,[7] he attended the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), and sat on its Board of Presidency. Ruffini was also part of the conservative-minded study group Coetus Internationalis Patrum at the council. He was forced to intervene in a heated discussion between Cardinals Alfredo Ottaviani and Augustin Bea in the course of the last preparatory session of the Council. During the discussion on the Council's proposed declaration against anti-Semitism, Cardinal Ruffini accused the document of being overly kind to the Jews, whom he saw as hostile to Christianity.[8] He also disapproved of Gaudium et spes,[9] Sacrosanctum Concilium, and Dignitatis humanae.[4]

Cardinal Ruffini was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1963 papal conclave, which selected Pope Paul VI.

He died from a heart attack in Palermo, at age 79.[1] Ruffini is buried in the shrine of Madonna dei Rimedi.

Miscellaneous

While still a priest, Ruffini also served as president of the Academy of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
He collaborated with John XXIII in deciding to convene the Second Vatican Council.[10]
Ruffini was a creationist.[11]

Publications

The Theory of Evolution Judged by Reason and Faith (Translated by Rev. Francis O'Hanlon, 1959)

gollark: Nope.

gollark: No. I would mention that.

gollark: No, Linux, and it is being cold booted.

gollark: Hmm, so, my laptop is acting in a fairly bees fashion. I turned it on and the fans are spinning a bit but there is nothing onscreen and the keyboard backlight is stuck on.

gollark: so the government is… overly restricting knives, a *winning* strategy.

References

TIME Magazine. The Roads to Rome January 7, 1946
TIME Magazine. Papal Possibilities October 29, 1958
Department of State: Secret. October 11, 1958, 11:39 AM. Number 1166, control 7008.
TIME Magazine. Milestones June 23, 1967
TIME Magazine. The Third Choice June 22, 1959
Memory of anti-Mafia priest pervades summit, National Catholic Reporter, September 13, 2002
TIME Magazine. The Council's Prospects September 14, 1962
TIME Magazine. A Test of Good Will October 9, 1964
TIME Magazine. The Bravest Schema October 30, 1964
The Whole Truth About Fatima. Vatican Council II and the Fatima Revelations Archived 2007-07-04 at the Wayback Machine
McIver, Thomas Allen. (1989). Creationism: Intellectual Origins, Cultural Context, and Theoretical Diversity. University of California, Los Angeles.

Cosa Nostra. Storia della mafia siciliana. Mondolibri. 2005.
Giuseppe Petralia: Il Cardinale Ernesto Ruffini, arcivescovo di Palermo. Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1989.
Angelo Romano: Ernesto Ruffini. Sciascia, Caltanissetta 2002.

External links

"bishop/bruffini". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney.

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Luigi Cardinal Lavitrano	Archbishop of Palermo 1945–1967	Succeeded by Francesco Cardinal Carpino

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[The_Roads_to_Rome-1] TIME Magazine. The Roads to Rome January 7, 1946

[2] TIME Magazine. Papal Possibilities October 29, 1958

[3] Department of State: Secret. October 11, 1958, 11:39 AM. Number 1166, control 7008.

[Milestones-4] TIME Magazine. Milestones June 23, 1967

[5] TIME Magazine. The Third Choice June 22, 1959

[ncr130902-6] Memory of anti-Mafia priest pervades summit, National Catholic Reporter, September 13, 2002

[7] TIME Magazine. The Council's Prospects September 14, 1962

[8] TIME Magazine. A Test of Good Will October 9, 1964

[9] TIME Magazine. The Bravest Schema October 30, 1964

[10] The Whole Truth About Fatima. Vatican Council II and the Fatima Revelations Archived 2007-07-04 at the Wayback Machine

[11] McIver, Thomas Allen. (1989). Creationism: Intellectual Origins, Cultural Context, and Theoretical Diversity. University of California, Los Angeles.