Elizabeth: The Golden Age

Elizabeth: The Golden Age is a 2007 biographical drama film, directed by Shekhar Kapur and produced by Universal Pictures and Working Title Films. It stars Cate Blanchett in the title role and is a fairly fictionalised portrayal of events during the latter part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England, following up on Kapur's 1998 film Elizabeth, also starring Blanchett. The film co-stars Geoffrey Rush (reprising his role from the previous film), Clive Owen, Jordi Mollà, Abbie Cornish, and Samantha Morton. The screenplay was written by William Nicholson and Michael Hirst, and the music score was composed by A. R. Rahman and Craig Armstrong. Guy Hendrix Dyas was the film's production designer and co-visual effects supervisor, and the costumes were created by Alexandra Byrne. The film was shot at Shepperton Studios and various locations around the United Kingdom.

Elizabeth: The Golden Age
Theatrical release poster
Directed byShekhar Kapur
Produced by
Written by
Starring
Music by
CinematographyRemi Adefarasin
Edited byJill Bilcock
Production
company
Distributed byUniversal Pictures
Release date
  • 12 October 2007 (2007-10-12) (United States)
  • 2 November 2007 (2007-11-02) (United Kingdom)
Running time
114 minutes
Country
  • United Kingdom
  • France
  • Germany
  • United State
Language
  • English
Budget$55 million
Box office$75.8 million

The film premiered on 9 September 2007 at the Toronto International Film Festival. It opened in wide release in the United States on 12 October 2007, premiered in London on 23 October 2007, and opened wide on 2 November 2007 throughout the rest of the UK and Republic of Ireland. At the 80th Academy Awards, the film won Best Costume Design and Blanchett received a nomination for Best Actress.

Plot

In 1585, Catholic Spain, ruled by King Philip II of Spain, is the most powerful country in the world. Seeing Protestant England as a threat, and in retaliation for English piracy of Spanish ships, Philip plots to take over England and make his daughter, Isabella, the Queen of England in Elizabeth's place. Meanwhile, Elizabeth I of England is pressured by her advisor, Francis Walsingham, to marry - if she dies childless, the throne will pass to her cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots, who is Catholic.

English explorer Walter Raleigh is presented at Elizabeth's court, having returned from the New World. Elizabeth is attracted to Raleigh, enthralled by his tales of exploration, and asks Bess Throckmorton, her most favored lady-in-waiting, to observe him. Bess also finds Raleigh attractive and they begin a secret affair. With tensions strained between England and Spain, Elizabeth seeks guidance from her astrologer, Dr. John Dee.

Jesuits in London conspire with Philip to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, in what Philip calls "The English Enterprise", historically known as the Babington Plot. From her imprisonment, Mary sends secret correspondence to the Jesuits, who recruit Anthony Babington to assassinate Elizabeth. Walsingham continues to warn Elizabeth of Spain's rising power and of the Catholics' plots against her, but unlike her predecessor and half-sister Mary I of England, Elizabeth refuses to force her people to share her religious beliefs.

Walsingham's Catholic brother, who knows of the plot against Elizabeth, is jailed, leading Walsingham to reveal Spain's plan to Elizabeth, who angrily confronts the Spanish diplomats. The Spanish ambassador feigns ignorance, accuses Elizabeth of receiving Spanish gold from pirates, and insinuates that she has a sexual relationship with Raleigh. Enraged, Elizabeth throws the Spaniards out of court. Meanwhile, Philip is cutting down the forests of Spain to build the Spanish Armada to invade England. Mary writes letters condoning the plot.

Babington storms into a cathedral where Elizabeth is praying and fires a pistol at her, though Elizabeth is unharmed as there was no bullet in the gun. As Elizabeth learns of Mary's involvement in the plot, Walsingham insists Mary be executed to quell any possible revolt. Elizabeth reluctantly agrees. Mary is tried for high treason and beheaded; Walsingham realizes this was part of the Jesuits' plan all along: Philip never intended for Mary to become queen, but with the Pope and other Catholic leaders regarding Mary as the true Queen of England, Philip uses Mary's death to obtain papal approval for war. The "murder" of the last legitimate Catholic in the line of succession gives Philip the pretext he needs to invade England and remove Elizabeth, leaving the way to the English throne free for his own daughter.

Bess reveals to Raleigh that she is pregnant with his child, and pleads with him to leave. Instead, the couple marries in secret. When Elizabeth confronts Bess, she confesses her pregnancy and that Raleigh is her husband. An infuriated Elizabeth berates Bess, reminding her that she cannot marry without royal consent. She banishes Bess from court and has Raleigh imprisoned for the crime of seducing a ward of the Queen.

As the Spanish Armada begins its approach up the English Channel, Elizabeth forgives Bess and sets Raleigh free to join Sir Francis Drake in the battle. The ships of the Armada vastly outnumber England's, but a storm blows the Armada toward the beaches, endangering its formation and becoming vulnerable to English fire ships. Elizabeth, atop her coastal headquarters, walks out to the cliffs and watches the Spanish Armada sink in flames as the English prevail.

She visits Raleigh and Bess and blesses their child. Elizabeth appears to triumph personally through her ordeal, again resigned to her role as the Virgin Queen and mother to the English people.

Cast

Production

Historical background

In 1558, King Philip II of Spain's second wife, Queen Mary I of England, died. They had wed in July 1554, a year after Mary's accession to the English throne, but the English Parliament had refused to grant him much real power as co-monarch of England.[1] On Mary's death he had tried unsuccessfully to persuade her sister and successor, Elizabeth I, to marry him, but she would not agree.

For many years Philip maintained peace with England, and even defended Elizabeth from the Pope's threat of excommunication. This was a measure taken to preserve a European balance of power. Ultimately, Elizabeth allied England with the Protestant rebels in the Netherlands. Further, English ships began a policy of piracy against Spanish trade and threatened to plunder the great Spanish treasure ships coming from the new world. English ships went so far as to attack a Spanish port. The last straw for Philip was the Treaty of Nonsuch signed by Elizabeth in 1585 – promising troops and supplies to the rebels. Although it can be argued this English action was the result of Philip's Treaty of Joinville with the Catholic League of France, Philip considered it an act of war by England. With the Pope's blessing, he launched the Spanish Armada to attack England, Protestantism, and Elizabeth herself. Sir Walter Raleigh, whom the Queen favored, married Elizabeth Throckmorton, a ward of Elizabeth's court, after learning she was carrying his child. Elizabeth I had both of them arrested, imprisoned in the Tower of London, and some time later released them.

Dramatic licence

This representation of a historical period is heavily fictionalised for the purposes of entertainment. The film's lead Cate Blanchett was reported as saying: "It's terrifying that we are growing up with this very illiterate bunch of children, who are somehow being taught that film is fact, when in fact it's invention".[2] Some of the simpler fictions are:

  • Sir Walter Raleigh is falsely portrayed as a major figure in the defeat of the Spanish Armada and does not so credit Sir Francis Drake and other key leaders
  • Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, was lieutenant general at the Armada crisis, but in the film, he is not present at the Tilbury camp, his role having been given to Raleigh.
  • Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, says, "We're losing too many ships." In reality, not a single English ship was lost during the battle.
  • The film depicts Elizabeth being advised by Dr John Dee. Historically, Dee was travelling the continent throughout the period depicted and did not return until more than a year after the defeat of the Armada. Elizabeth's actual main advisor and chief minister, William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, is omitted from the film altogether.
  • The portrayed Jesuit leader of the Babington Plot, Robert Reston, is completely fictional, though based on the real-life Jesuit John Ballard, who encouraged Babington to initiate the assassination attempt on Elizabeth, which would subsequently begin the chain of events leading to the Spanish invasion. However, because Ballard's death was portrayed in the previous film, the persona of Reston was created to replace him.
  • In the film, Elizabeth is confronted at the altar of Old St Paul's Cathedral by Anthony Babington, who has a pistol charged with powder but no shot. The real Babington Plot was thwarted while it was still being planned.
  • The film also depicts Babington (and, implicitly, the other conspirators) as having been hanged by long drop, rather than the actual, and more gruesome method of hanging, drawing and quartering.
  • In 1585, Elizabeth was 52 (considered too old to bear children). The film shows various suitors being presented to the queen, with a view to marriage and children; the events presented actually took place much earlier in her reign. For instance, Erik XIV of Sweden abandoned his proposals to marry Elizabeth after his trip to England was interrupted by his father's death in 1560, when Elizabeth was 27. In fact, by 1568, Erik had been deposed from the Swedish throne and died in captivity in 1577. Likewise, marriage negotiations with Charles II, Archduke of Austria were abandoned in 1568 and in 1571, Charles married his niece Maria Anna of Bavaria, with whom he had fifteen children.
  • In 1588, Infanta Isabel of Spain is portrayed as a child. In reality, she was 21 by this time.
  • The lady-in-waiting, Bess Throckmorton, in fact became pregnant with Walter Raleigh's child in the summer of 1591, three years after the defeat of the Armada, not immediately before.
  • Mary, Queen of Scots is depicted as having a Scottish accent, when in actuality, she had been raised at the French court from the age of five and did not return to Scotland until she was a young woman.
  • The film shows Spanish envoys and other members of court wearing swords during their audiences with Elizabeth. Owing to threats of assassination, only members of the Royal Guard were permitted to carry weapons near Elizabeth while she was in court.
  • The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, is portrayed as having happened very swiftly after her arrest, while she was still a young woman. In fact, Mary was held in custody at various places for 19 years before her execution in 1587, at the age of 44.
  • The film depicts the battle between the two forces as consisting of broadsides from the ships of both fleets. In fact, while the English ships were able to fire multiple times during the course of a day, the heavy Spanish guns were so difficult to reload that they were frequently only fired once. Broadsides would accompany later developments in ship design in the first half of the 17th century, the first major actions involving such technology and tactics for the English being the Anglo-Dutch Wars.
  • During the film, Elizabeth spoke German to Charles II, Archduke of Austria. In reality, there is no evidence that Elizabeth was taught German or even spoke German.

Claims of anti-Catholicism

The film depicts an important episode in the violent struggle between the Protestant Reformation and the Counter-Reformation that polarised European politics. Several critics (some cited below) claimed the film was "anti-Catholic" and followed a traditional English view of their own history. A British-based priest, Father Peter Malone, declared the film to be jingoistic in his review.

In the US the National Catholic Register, film critic Steven D. Greydanus compared this film to The Da Vinci Code, and wrote: "The climax, a weakly staged destruction of the Spanish Armada, is a crescendo of church-bashing imagery: rosaries floating amid burning flotsam, inverted crucifixes sinking to the bottom of the ocean, the rows of ominous berobed clerics slinking away in defeat. Pound for pound, minute for minute, Elizabeth: The Golden Age could possibly contain more sustained church-bashing than any other film I can think of". Greydanus asked: "How is it possible that this orgy of anti-Catholicism has been all but ignored by most critics?"[3]

Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger said: "This movie equates Catholicism with some sort of horror-movie cult, with scary close-ups of chanting monks and glinting crucifixes".[4] Colin Covert of the Minneapolis Star Tribune complained of what he saw as "ugly anti-Catholic imagery",[5] and Bob Bloom of the Lafayette Journal & Courier agreed that anti-Catholicism was one of the film's "sore points".[6]

Monsignor Mark Langham, Administrator of Westminster Cathedral, was criticised by some Roman Catholics for allowing scenes to be shot there; although praising the film as a 'must see', he suggested that 'it does appear to perpetuate the myth of “killer priests”'.[7][8]

Historian Franco Cardini, of the University of Florence, alleged 'the film formed part of a "concerted attack on Catholicism, the Holy See and Papism" by an alliance of atheists and "apocalyptic Christians"'.[9][10] 'Why put out this perverse anti-Catholic propaganda today, just at the moment when we are trying desperately to revive our Western identity in the face of the Islamic threat, presumed or real?'[11]

Director Shekhar Kapur rejected this criticism of his film, saying: “It is actually very, very deeply non-anti-Catholic. It is anti extreme forms of religion. At that time the church in Spain, or Philip had said that they were going to turn the whole world into a very pure form of Catholicism. So it's not anti-Catholic. It's anti an interpretation of the word of God that is singular, as against what Elizabeth's was, which was to look upon her faith as concomitant'.[12][13] 'The fact is that the Pope ordered her execution; he said that anybody who executes or assassinates Elizabeth would find a beautiful place in the kingdom of heaven. Where else have you heard these words about Salman Khan or Salman Rushdie? That's why I made this film, so this idea of a rift between Catholicism and Protestants does not arise. My interpretation of Elizabeth is an interpretation of greater tolerance [than] Philip, which is absolutely true. It's completely true that she had this kind of feminine energy. It's a conflict between Philip, who had no ability to encompass diversity or contradiction, and Elizabeth who had the feminine ability to do that'.[14]

Kapur extended this pluralist defence to his own approach: 'I would describe all history as fiction and interpretation ... [A]sk any Catholic and they'll give you a totally different aspect of history ... History has always been an interpretation ... I do believe that civilisations that don't learn from history are civilisations that are doomed to make the same mistakes again and again, which is why this film starts with the idea of fundamentalism against tolerance. It's not Catholic against Protestant; it's a very fundamental form of Catholicism. It was the time of the Spanish Inquisition and against a woman whose half of her population was Protestant, half was Catholic. And there were enough bigots in her Protestant Parliament to say, "Just kill them all", and she was constantly saying no. She was constantly on the side of tolerance. So you interpret history to tell the story that is relevant to us now'.[15]

Filming locations
  • Baddesley Clinton, Warwickshire, England, UK (Raleigh's house exteriors)
  • Brean Down, Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, England, UK (Queen Elizabeth addresses her troops)
  • Burghley House, Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, UK (John Dee's house exteriors/London alley/Paris street scene)
  • Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England, UK
  • Dorney Court, Dorney, Buckinghamshire, England, UK (Raleigh's house/Walsingham's house/chapel interiors)
  • Doune Castle, Doune, Stirling, Scotland, UK
  • Eilean Donan Castle, Kyle of Lochalsh, Highland, Scotland, UK (Fotheringay Castle exteriors)
  • Ely Cathedral, Ely, Cambridgeshire, England, UK (Whitehall Palace interior)
  • Hatfield House, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England, UK (Chartley Hall, also the interior of Walsingham's house)
  • Leeds Castle, Kent, England, UK (Chartley Hall/Windsor Castle exteriors)
  • Petworth House, Petworth, West Sussex, England, UK (Windsor Great Park)
  • Shepperton Studios, Shepperton, Surrey, England, UK
  • St Bartholomew-the-Great, London, England, UK (Fortheringay Castle/Chartley Hall interiors)
  • St John's College, Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England, UK (Whitehall Palace exteriors/Thames scenes)
  • Wells Cathedral, Wells, Somerset, England, UK (Whitehall Palace interiors)
  • Westminster Cathedral, Westminster, London, England, UK (Escorial Palace/Lisbon Cathedral interiors)
  • Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, Hampshire, England, UK (St. Paul's Cathedral/The Chapel Royal interiors/gallows scene)

Soundtrack

The original score was composed by Craig Armstrong and A. R. Rahman. The score was recorded in Glasgow, Scotland, in Armstrong's studio. Kapur was thrilled to have both Armstrong and Rahman working together on the music, saying it was fascinating to watch "two people with totally different backgrounds and cultures" interact.[16]

Blanchett had travelled to India in the early 2000s, coming away with several Indian sounds, and badgered Kapur to get Rahman to score Hollywood movies. Antonio Pinto was mentioned as being a collaborator during production, but later Armstrong joined the project. In January 2009, he expressed regret that other compositions from A. R. Rahman were not used in the film, feeling that "the score of Golden Age was not half as good as it could have been." He expressed hope to hear these pieces appear in another project.[17]

"Opening" from the score was used in the BBC's coverage of the Single's Finals at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. "Storm" is heard in a trailer of the 2013 film Man of Steel.[18]

Track listing
No.TitleComposer(s)Length
1."Opening"AR Rahman1:31
2."Philip"AR Rahman, Craig Armstrong1:51
3."Now You Grow Dull"AR Rahman0:57
4."Horseriding"AR Rahman1:38
5."Immensities"AR Rahman, Craig Armstrong2:41
6."Bess and Raleigh Dance"AR Rahman2:34
7."Mary's Beheading"AR Rahman, Craig Armstrong3:22
8."End Puddle / Possible Suitors"AR Rahman, Craig Armstrong2:06
9."War / Realisation"AR Rahman, Craig Armstrong2:57
10."Destiny Theme"AR Rahman, Craig Armstrong2:31
11."Smile Lines"AR Rahman, Craig Armstrong1:15
12."Bess to See Throckmorton"AR Rahman, Craig Armstrong1:03
13."Dr Dee Part 1"AR Rahman3:18
14."Horseback Address"AR Rahman, Craig Armstrong2:26
15."Battle"AR Rahman3:29
16."Love Theme"AR Rahman, Craig Armstrong2:51
17."Divinity Theme"AR Rahman5:08
18."Storm"AR Rahman3:00
19."Walsingham Death Bed"AR Rahman, Craig Armstrong1:51
20."Closing"AR Rahman, Craig Armstrong2:00
Total length:48:10

Home media

The film was released on Region 1 on DVD and HD DVD 5 February 2008. It was released on Blu-ray in 2009 and bundled with.

Reception

Critical reception

Although Cate Blanchett's performance was highly praised, the film received generally mixed to negative reviews from US critics. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 34% of critics gave the film a positive rating, based on 166 reviews; the average rating is 5.08/10.[19] On Metacritic, the film had an average score of 45 out of 100, based on 32 reviews.[20]

Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian, gave the film 1 star out of 5, remarking on the film's historical revisionism and melodrama. He writes: "Where Kapur's first Elizabeth was cool, cerebral, fascinatingly concerned with complex plotting, the new movie is pitched at the level of a Jean Plaidy romantic novel".[21]

Roger Ebert gave the film 2½ stars out of 4, saying 'there are scenes where the costumes are so sumptuous, the sets so vast, the music so insistent, that we lose sight of the humans behind the dazzle of the production'. Ebert did, however, praise many of the actors' performances, particularly that of Cate Blanchett as Queen Elizabeth I. He said 'that Blanchett could appear in the same Toronto International Film Festival playing Elizabeth and Bob Dylan, both splendidly, is a wonder of acting'.[22] Blanchett portrayed Bob Dylan in the film I'm Not There and was nominated for an Academy Award for her roles in both movies.

Colin Covert of the Minneapolis Star Tribune gave the film 3 stars out of 4, writing '... as a pseudo-historical fable, a romantic triangle and a blood-and-thunder melodrama, the film can't be faulted' and 'This isn't historical fabrication, it's mutilation. But for all its lapses, this is probably the liveliest, most vibrant Elizabethan production since Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet.'[23] while Wesley Morris of The Boston Globe said, "Historians might demand a little more history from Elizabeth: The Golden Age. But soap opera loyalists could hardly ask for more soap."[24]

Michael Gove, speaking on BBC Two's Newsnight Review, said: 'It tells the story of England's past in a way which someone who's familiar with the Whig tradition of history would find, as I did, completely sympathetic. It's amazing to see a film made now that is so patriotic ... One of the striking things about this film is that it's almost a historical anomaly. I can't think of a historical period film in which England and the English have been depicted heroically for the last forty or fifty years. You almost have to go back to Laurence Olivier's Shakespeare's Henry V in which you actually have an English king and English armies portrayed heroically'.[25]

Box office

Elizabeth: The Golden Age grossed $6.1 million in 2,001 theatres during its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, ranking #6 at the box office.[26] In the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland the film entered at No. 4 and earned £1.3 million ($2.7 million) on its opening weekend.[27] As of February 2009 the worldwide total was $74.2 million, including $16.4 million in the US and Canada and $57.8 million elsewhere.[28] In contrast, the film's predecessor, Elizabeth, grossed $30 million in the United States and Canada, and a total of $82.1 million worldwide.[29]

Awards

At the 80th Academy Awards, Alexandra Byrne won the Academy Award for Costume Design.[30] Blanchett was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film, becoming the first female actor to receive another Academy Award nomination for the reprisal of the same role. Blanchett was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Drama for her performance in the film,[31] the Critics' Choice Award for Best Actress in a leading role, and a SAG Award. The film won two Satellite Awards for Best Production Design for Guy Hendrix Dyas and Best Costume Design for Byrne. Dyas received a nomination from the Art Directors Guild for Best Production Design in a Period Film, and Byrne a nomination from the Costume Designers Guild for Best Costume in a Period Film. The film was also nominated for four BAFTA Awards including Actress in a Leading Role, Best Production Design, Best Costume Design and Best Makeup. At the 11th Pyongyang International Film Festival held in September 2008, one of the awards for special screening were conferred upon the film.

gollark: ~skip
gollark: ~skip
gollark: ~skip
gollark: ~play computercraft
gollark: They are beamed directly into your brain with no audio.

See also

References
  1. "King Philip II of Spain". elizabethan-era.org.uk.
  2. "Cate Blanchett's film rant". M&C, People News. 5 November 2007. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  3. Steven D. Greydanus. "Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007)". National Catholic Register via decentfilm.com. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  4. Stephen Witty (15 October 2007). "Glittering like fool's gold". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  5. Colin Covert, 'Elizabeth' a golden delight Star Tribune, 12 October 2007
  6. Bloom, Bob 'Golden Age' adds nothing as a sequel Journal & Courier, 12 October 2007
  7. Malcolm Moore in Rome, 'Catholics condemn “twisted” Elizabeth film', Telegraph, 3 November 2007. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  8. Mark Langham, 'The Golden Age Dawns', Solomon, I Have Surpassed Thee, 10 August 2007. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  9. Richard Owen, 'Rome condemns Queen Elizabeth again – this time over film of her reign', The Times, 1 November 2007. Retrieved on 1 November 2007.
  10. 'Historian bags Blanchett's Elizabeth: The Golden Age', Herald Sun, 2 November 2007. Retrieved on 2 November 2007.
  11. Sajeda Momin, 'Elizabeth is anti-Christian', DNA, 2 November 2007. Retrieved on 2 November 2007.
  12. Sandy George, 'Elizabeth film “not anti-Catholic”' Archived 7 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Australian, 2 November 2007. Retrieved on 2 November 2007.
  13. 'Blanchett defends new role at STC', ABC News, 2 November 2007. Retrieved on 2 November 2007.
  14. Girish Rao, 'Elizabeth is not anti-Catholic', Rediff News, 21 November 2007. Retrieved on 22 November 2007.
  15. Rebecca Murray, 'Director Shekhar Kapur Discusses Elizabeth: The Golden Age', About.com: Hollywood Movies. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  16. "Golden Age Diary: Craig Armstrong and A R Rahman". Shekharkapur.com. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  17. "Rahman and the Oscars". Archived from the original on 30 January 2009.
  18. "What's That Song in the 'Man of Steel' Trailer?". ScreenCrush. 11 December 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  19. "Elizabeth: The Golden Age – Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
  20. "Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007): Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 13 October 2007.
  21. Bradshaw, Peter (2 November 2007). "Elizabeth: The Golden Age –". Guardian Unlimited. London. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  22. Roger Ebert (12 October 2007). ":: rogerebert.com :: Reviews :: Elizabeth: The Golden Age". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 13 October 2007.
  23. Colin Covert (14 October 2007). "Movie review: 'Elizabeth' a golden delight". Minneapolis Star Tribune. Retrieved 14 October 2007.
  24. Wesley Morris (12 October 2007). "Elizabeth: The Golden Age Movie Review". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  25. Newsnight Review, BBC Two, 26 October 2007.
  26. "Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007) – Weekend Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  27. "Box-office UK". AlloCine. Retrieved 6 November 2007.
  28. "Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007) – Weekend Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
  29. "Elizabeth (1998)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  30. "Nominees – 80th Annual Academy Awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 23 January 2008. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  31. "HOLLYWOOD FOREIGN PRESS ASSOCIATION 2008 GOLDEN GLOBE AWARDS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007". goldenglobes.org. 13 December 2007. Archived from the original on 15 December 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2007.
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