El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve

The El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve, created in 1988,[1] is located in Mulegé Municipality in northern Baja California Sur, at the center of the Baja California Peninsula between the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California. With a landmass of over 9,625 square-miles (24,930 square km),[2] it is the largest wildlife refuge in Mexico and borders on the northern edge of the Valle de los Cirios Protected Area of Flora and Fauna.

El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve
IUCN category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources)
A pelican on the coast of the El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve
Location in Mexico
LocationBaja California Sur, Mexico
Nearest cityMulegé Municipality
Coordinates27°47′32″N 114°13′40″W
Area55,555 km2 (21,450 sq mi)
Established1988
Official nameWhale Sanctuary of El Vizcaino
TypeNatural
Criteriax
Designated1993 (17th session)
Reference no.554
State PartyMexico
RegionLatin America and the Caribbean

History

The Cochimi first inhabited this region over eleven thousand years ago, nomads who came from the north of the American continent. These nomadic wanderers lived in the protection of caves in the Sierra San Francisco mountain range. Travelers trekking into this mountainous region can still see their cave art.

Fauna

Animals that have adapted to these extreme conditions include a variety of nocturnals such as coyotes, rodents, and hares; others have adapted to only ingesting water from succulents. Outstanding among the mammals is the Baja California pronghorn (Antilocapra americana peninsularis), an endemic subspecies of the Pronghorn, which is one of the swiftest mammals on Earth. The last populations of this subspecies can be found in the region. The Vizcaíno is also the habitat of the desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus peninsulae), and dozens of resident and migratory birds. Of special importance: the ospreys, cormorants, herons, and gulls—and four species of sea turtles. On the coastline and islets there are many marine mammals, such as northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), dolphins, and gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus).

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El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve
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References
  1. Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve - Park Profile - General information. Retrieved 09-14-2008.
  2. ANP 282 - El Vizcaíno Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 01-03-2015.
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