Eichler system

A system of plant taxonomy, the Eichler system was the first phylogenetic (phyletic) or evolutionary system.[1][2] It was developed by August W. Eichler (1839–1887), initially in his Blüthendiagramme (1875–1878) and then in successive editions of his Syllabus (1876–1890).[3][4][5] After his death his colleague Adolf Engler (1844–1930) continued its development, and it became widely accepted.

A. W. Eichler

The system was based on dividing the plant kingdom into those plants with concealed reproductive organs (non-floral), the (Cryptogamae, = hidden reproduction) and those with visible reproductive organs (floral), the (Phanerogamae, = visible reproduction).[6] Moreover, Eichler was the first taxonomist to separate the Phanerogamae into Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and the former into Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae.[7] His primary ranks were Divisions (Abtheilung), followed by orders (Reihe).

Blüthendiagramme (1875–1878)

Volume I (1875)

Contents pp. VI–VIII
Synopsis:

  • Division I Gymnospermae p. 54
  • Division II Monocotyledoneae p. 73
  • Division III Dicotyledoneae p. 187 (part)

Volume II (1878)

Contents pp. V–VIII
Synopsis:

  • Division III Dicotyledoneae p. 187 (continued)

Syllabus (Fourth edition 1886)

The system (here taken from the 4th edition of the Syllabus, 1886) divides plants into divisions, classes and groups. Groups were further divided into orders.

  • Note: ranks translated into Latin
Adolf Engler
German Botanical Ranks
GermanLatinEnglish
AbteilungdivisioDivision
UnterabteilungsubdivisioSubdivision
KlasseclassisClass
ReiheordoOrder
UnterreihesubordoSuborder
Fam.familiaFamily
Unterfam.subfamiliaSubfamily
GruppetribusTribe
GattunggenusGenus
ArtspeciesSpecies

Outline: p. 6.[8] Page numbers refer to text

Class Monocotyleae
gollark: Not really.
gollark: Also, almost entirely significant, but `let` and not `var`/`const`/`whatever`.
gollark: ```rustrkgrea pengr gbxvb;hfr gbxvb::ceryhqr::*;hfr gbxvb::vb::pbcl;hfr gbxvb::arg::GpcYvfgrare;sa znva() { // Ovaq gur freire'f fbpxrg. yrg nqqe = "127.0.0.1:12345".cnefr().hajenc(); yrg yvfgrare = GpcYvfgrare::ovaq(&nqqe) .rkcrpg("hanoyr gb ovaq GPC yvfgrare"); // Chyy bhg n fgernz bs fbpxrgf sbe vapbzvat pbaarpgvbaf yrg freire = yvfgrare.vapbzvat() .znc_ree(|r| rcevagya!("npprcg snvyrq = {:?}", r)) .sbe_rnpu(|fbpx| { // Fcyvg hc gur ernqvat naq jevgvat cnegf bs gur // fbpxrg. yrg (ernqre, jevgre) = fbpx.fcyvg(); // N shgher gung rpubf gur qngn naq ergheaf ubj // znal olgrf jrer pbcvrq... yrg olgrf_pbcvrq = pbcl(ernqre, jevgre); // ... nsgre juvpu jr'yy cevag jung unccrarq. yrg unaqyr_pbaa = olgrf_pbcvrq.znc(|nzg| { cevagya!("jebgr {:?} olgrf", nzg) }).znc_ree(|ree| { rcevagya!("VB reebe {:?}", ree) }); // Fcnja gur shgher nf n pbapheerag gnfx. gbxvb::fcnja(unaqyr_pbaa) }); // Fgneg gur Gbxvb ehagvzr gbxvb::eha(freire);}```
gollark: Also, `tungstenite` for a websockets library.
gollark: Also, less important, but names allowing ridiculous bad puns are ideal:- Rust allows `oxide` and `steel` and other such stuff

See also
  • Phylogenetic system

References
  1. Stuessy 2009, Artificial classification p. 43.
  2. Sharma 2009, p. 27.
  3. Eichler 1883.
  4. Oudemans 1896.
  5. Engler 1903, p. XXIII.
  6. Goldberg 1986.
  7. Lawrence 1951.
  8. Eichler 1886, p. 6.

Bibliography

Works by Eichler

  • Eichler, August W. (1875). Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert. 2 vols [Floral diagrams]. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. Retrieved 17 May 2015.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel 1876.

Other

Note: This is a selected list of the more influential systems. There are many other systems, for instance a review of earlier systems, published by Lindley in his 1853 edition, and Dahlgren (1982). Examples include the works of Scopoli, Ventenat, Batsch and Grisebach.

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