Carl Adolph Agardh

Carl Adolph Agardh (23 January 1785 in Båstad, Sweden – 28 January 1859 in Karlstad) was a Swedish botanist specializing in algae, who was eventually appointed bishop of Karlstad.

Carl Adolph Agardh

Biography

In 1807 he was appointed teacher of mathematics at Lund University, in 1812 appointed professor of botany and natural sciences,[1] and was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1817, and of the Swedish Academy in 1831.

He was ordained a clergyman in 1816, received two parishes as prebend, and was a representative in the clerical chamber of the Swedish Parliament on several occasions from 1817. He was rector magnificus of Lund University 1819-1820 and was appointed bishop of Karlstad in 1835, where he remained until his death.[2] He was the father of Jacob Georg Agardh, also a botanist.[1]

System of plant classification

The Classes Plantarum[3] has nine primary divisions into which his classes and natural orders are grouped. These are, with class numbers;

1. Acotyledonae 1–3 (Algae, Lichenes, Fungi)
2. Pseudocotyledonae 4–7 (Muscoideae, Tetradidymae, Filices, Equisetaceae)
3. Cryptocotyledonae 8–12 (Macropodae, Spadicinae, Glumiflorae, Liliiflorae, Gynandrae)
4. Phanerocotyledonae incompletae 13–16 (Micranthae, Oleraceae, Epichlamydeae, Columnantherae)
5. Phanerocotyledonae completae, hypogynae, monopetalae 17 (Tubiflorae)
6. Phanerocotyledonae completae, hypogynae, polypetalae 18–22 (Centrisporae, Brevistylae, Polycarpellae, Valvisporae, Columniferae)
7. Phanerocotyledonae completae, discigynae, monopetalae 23 (Tetraspermae)
8. Phanerocotyledonae completae, discigynae, polypetalae 24–26 (Gynobaseae, Trihilitae, Hypodicarpae)
9. Phanerocotyledonae completae, porigynae 27–33 (Subaggregatae, Aridifoliae, Succulentae, Calycanthemae, Peponiferae, Icosandrae, Leguminosae)

Each class then contains a number of orders (families). For instance, Liliiflorae contains 11 orders;

• Liliiflorae
  • 43 Asparageae
  • 44 Asphodeleae
  • 45 Coronariae[lower-alpha 1]
  • 46 Veratreae
  • 47 Commelineae
  • 48 Pontedereae
  • 49 Dioscorinae
  • 50 Haemodoreae
  • 51 Irideae
  • 52 Narcisseae
  • 53 Bromeliaceae

Publications

He devoted considerable attention to political economy and as "a leading liberal", he "succeeded in improving and raising the standards of education in Sweden".[4] He also wrote on theological and other subjects, but his reputation chiefly rests on his botanical works, especially Systema algarum, Species algarum rite cognitae and Classes plantarum[3] on biological classification, and Icones Algarum (1824, 1820–28, and 1828–35). The greatest part of his Manual of Botany (2 vols., Malmoe, 1829–32) has been translated into German.[1]

List of selected publications

• Agardh, Carl Adolph (1825). Classes Plantarum. Lund: Literis Berlingianis.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• — (1817–1826). Aphorismi botanici. Lund: Literis Berlingianis.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Algarum decas prima [-quarta] /auctore Carolo Ad. Agardh
• Dispositio algarum Sueciae /cuctore Carolo Adolfo Agardh
• Caroli A. Agardh Synopsis algarum Scandinaviae : adjecta dispositione universali algarum
• Adnotationes botanicae (with Swartz, Olof, Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim, and Wikström, Joh. Em)

Notes

1. Agardh notes that his Coronariae includes Linnaeus's Coronariae and Liliaceae, orders 9 and 10 of the latter

References

1.  Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Agardh, Karl Adolf" . The American Cyclopædia.
2. Eriksson 1970.
3. Agardh 1825.
4.  Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Karl Adolph Agardh". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
5. IPNI.  C. Agardh.

Bibliography

• Eriksson, Gunnar (1970). "Agardh, Carl Adolph". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 69–70. ISBN 0-684-10114-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Short biography in French
• Lund University, Botanical Museum
• Lund Museum - Collections: algae

External links

Cultural offices
Preceded by Claes Fleming	Swedish Academy, Seat No 4 1831-1859	Succeeded by Fredrik Ferdinand Carlson
Religious titles
Preceded by Johan Jacob Hedrén	Bishop of Karlstad 1835–1859	Succeeded by Johan Anton Millén

Note: This is a selected list of the more influential systems. There are many other systems, for instance a review of earlier systems, published by Lindley in his 1853 edition, and Dahlgren (1982). Examples include the works of Scopoli, Ventenat, Batsch and Grisebach.