Edward Bulfin

General Sir Edward Stanislaus Bulfin KCB CVO (6 November 1862 – 20 August 1939) was a British general during World War I, where he established a reputation as an excellent commander at the brigade, divisional and corps levels. He was most noted for his actions during the First Battle of Ypres, when he organized impromptu forces to slow down the German assault.

Sir Edward Stanislaus Bulfin
Lieutenant General Sir Edward Bulfin
Born	6 November 1862 Rathfarnham U.K.
Died	20 August 1939 (aged 76) Boscombe, Bournemouth
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	British Army
Years of service	1884 – 1926
Rank	General
Commands held	Essex Regiment 2nd Infantry Brigade 28th Division 60th Division XXI Corps
Battles/wars	Second Boer War World War I First Battle of Ypres Third Battle of Gaza Battle of Jerusalem Battle of Megiddo
Awards	Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Commander of the Royal Victorian Order Knight Commander of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre

In 1917–18 he commanded XXI Corps in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign.

Early life

Bulfin was born Woodtown Park, Rathfarnham, Co Dublin the second son of Patrick Bulfin and Teresa Clare Carroll.[1] His father was a son of Edward Bulfin from Derrinlough, King's County (now County Offaly), and was elected Lord Mayor of Dublin in 1870.[2] He was educated at Stonyhurst College, and then at Kensington Catholic Public School[1] Although he attended Trinity College, Dublin, he did not take a degree, choosing a military career instead.[1]

Military career

From Dublin University he entered the Armagh Militia from where he was commissioned into the Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment) in 1884, following militia service with the Royal Irish Fusiliers.[3] He was dispatched to India on 31 December 1889, and first saw active service in Burma in that year. He was promoted to captain on 30 January 1895. In 1898 he was appointed Garrison Adjutant at Dover, and in November embarked for South Africa with his fellow Irishman General Sir William Butler, as Assistant Military Secretary. When the Second Boer War broke out, in 1899 he was appointed Brigade Major to the 9th Brigade.[4] He saw action at several skirmishes in South Africa, and was promoted to a brevet major in November 1900. He was present at several battles including Belmont and Graspan, Modder River, Magersfontein, Rhenoster and Lindley. He returned to the regular rank of Captain in his regiment on 12 December 1901,[5] and served in South Africa until the end of the war, when he left Cape Town on board the SS Walmer Castle in late June 1902,[6] arriving at Southampton the following month. On his return to England he received a brevet promotion to lieutenant-colonel in the South Africa honours list published on 26 June 1902,[7] and abandoned regimental soldiering in favour of a staff career.[3] From 1902 to 1904, he served as deputy assistant adjutant-general with I Corps, and from 1906 to 1910 as assistant adjutant and quartermaster-general for Cape Colony.[1] After returning to England, he was promoted to colonel and given command of the Essex Brigade, an unusual appointment as Bulfin had never commanded a battalion.[1] In 1913, he was promoted again, and appointed to the prestigious command of the 2nd Infantry Brigade.[1]

From 1914 to 1939 he was Regimental Colonel of Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment).[8]

World War I

At the outbreak of World War I Bulfin and the 2nd Brigade were transported to the Western Front as part of the original British Expeditionary Force.[1] During the fighting around Ypres at the end of October 1914, he organized an impromptu force of six battalions (known as "Bulfin's force") and led a counterattack to stem the German advance.[1] This action won him considerable praise from 1st Corps commander Douglas Haig, as well as BEF commander John French.[9] In December, he was promoted to command the newly formed 28th Division, and led this formation through the heavy German gas attacks at the 2nd Battle of Ypres, and also at the Battle of Loos.[1]

Bulfin fell ill in October 1915, and spent the first half of 1916 recuperating in England, thus avoiding a transfer to Salonika.[1] He returned to the Western Front in June 1916 to command the 60th Division during the Battle of the Somme, although the division did not play a significant role in the offensive.[9]

Salonika and Palestine

Bulfin, third from right, with other generals on the Mount of Olives, Jerusalem, 19 March 1918

In December 1916, 60th Division was transferred to Salonika, although they remained for only six months and took part in no serious fighting.[1] Moving to Palestine in June 1917, Bulfin was promoted to lieutenant-general and given command of XXI Corps.[9] He proved a capable corps commander, leading his formation through Ottoman defenses at the Third Battle of Gaza, opening the way for the capture of Jerusalem.[1] He later commanded the corps in the overwhelming victory at the Battle of Megiddo in the waning days of the war.[1]

Post war

After the armistice, Bulfin remained in the army in a variety of staff positions, gaining a promotion to full general in 1925[10] and finally retiring in 1926.[1] His first position was to remain in the Middle East and Egypt in particular. During the Egyptian revolution of 1919 he was known to be a very effective military leader in putting down the unrest especially through organising 'flying columns'.[11] In the summer of 1920 he was offered the job of Chief of Police and Head of Secret Intelligence in Ireland based on his loyalty to the Crown, his Irish origins and his swift handling of the nationalist unrest in Egypt in 1919. Bulfin refused the appointment on the grounds that as a Catholic and an Irishman it would be distasteful to him to do any work which was not of a purely military character.[12] He died in 1939 at his home in Boscombe, Bournemouth, Dorset.[1]

Family

He married Mary Frances Lonergan in 1898 (immediately prior to posting to South Africa), with whom he had two children.[1]

Notes

1. "Edward Bulfin". www.oxforddnb.com. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
2. "Library of Ireland". Retrieved 25 June 2017.
3. "Centre for War Studies - University of Birmingham". www.firstworldwar.bham.ac.uk. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
4. "No. 27160". The London Gazette. 2 February 1900. p. 694.
5. "No. 27423". The London Gazette. 8 April 1902. p. 2336.
6. "The Army in South Africa - Troops returning home". The Times (36811). London. 4 July 1902. p. 9.
7. "No. 27448". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 June 1902. pp. 4191–4194.
8. "The Green Howards (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own Yorkshire Regiment)". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
9. "First World War.com - Who's Who - Edward Bulfin". www.firstworldwar.com. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
10. "No. 33064". The London Gazette. 7 July 1925. p. 4530.
11. Richmond, J.C.B. Egypt, 1798-1952: Her Advance Towards a Modern Identity. 2012: Routledge. p. 181. ISBN 041581118X.CS1 maint: location (link)
12. Jeffery, Keith (1997). An Irish Empire?: Aspects of Ireland and the British Empire. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 108. ISBN 0719038731.

References

• Edward Bulfin at First World War.com
• Edward Bulfin at the Birmingham Centre for First World War Studies
• Dictionary of National Biography online edition, accessed 19 Aug 2007
• Colour stamp of Edward Bulfin, 1920s

Military offices
Preceded by Thomas Calley	GOC 60th (2/2nd London) Division 1915–1917	Succeeded by John Shea