Dudley Digges
Sir Dudley Digges (19 May 1583 – 18 March 1639) was an English diplomat and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1610 and 1629. He was also a "Virginia adventurer," an investor who ventured his capital in the Virginia Company of London. His son Edward Digges would go on to be Governor of Virginia.
Sir Dudley Digges | |
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| Born | 19 May 1583 |
| Died | 18 March 1639 |
| Spouse(s) | Mary Kempe |
| Children | Edward Digges |
| Parent(s) | Sir Thomas Digges Anne St Leger |
Early life
Digges was the son of the mathematician Sir Thomas Digges of Digges Court, Barham, Kent, by the same's wife Anne St. Leger (d. 1636), the daughter of Warham St Leger.[1] Dudley matriculated at University College, Oxford on 18 July 1600, when aged 17, and was awarded BA on 1 July 1601.
Career in politics
Digges was knighted by James I at Whitehall on 29 April 1607.[2]
In 1610 he was elected Member of Parliament for the newly enfranchised constituency of Tewkesbury.[3] He was a friend of Henry Hudson and in 1610 he was one of those who fitted out Hudson for his last voyage. As a result, Digges' name was given to Digges Islands, at the mouth of Hudson Bay in Canada, and to Cape Digges, at the easternmost extremity of these islands. In 1614 Digges was re-elected MP for Tewkesbury to the Addled Parliament.[4] He backed the explorations of William Baffin in 1615 and 1616, with several of the same group of "adventurers". In 1616 he completed his mansion of Chilham Castle, Kent.
Digges became a gentleman of the privy chamber in 1618.[2] He was named ambassador to Muscovy in 1618–19 and Special Ambassador to Holland in 1620. He was re-elected MP for Tewkesbury in 1621, 1624, 1625 and 1626.[3] In the latter parliament, he was active in the impeachment of the Duke of Buckingham during the crisis of 1626 that followed the aborted expedition to Cadiz,[5] when Digges and Archbishop Abbot co-operated to co-ordinate the attacks in the Houses of Lords and Commons. Digges was for a time imprisoned in the Fleet Prison by order of the King, but was released on apologizing to the King, an act that John Eliot was unwilling to perform. In 1628 Digges was elected MP for Kent and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.
In 1631 Digges became a bencher of Gray's Inn and was master in chancery from 1631 to 1637.[2] In the same year, he was one of the commission appointed by the Privy Council "to consider how the plantation of Virginia now standeth, and to consider what commodity may be raised in those parts," and in 1634, he was appointed Commissioner for Virginia Tobacco. In 1638 he was appointed Master of the Rolls until his death in 1639.[2]
Published work
Digges published several political and economic works, The Worthiness of Warre and Warriors (1604), The Defence of Trade (1615), Rights and Privileges of the Subject (1642), and, posthumously, The Compleat Ambassador: or Two Treaties of the Intended Marriage of Qu. Elizabeth of Glorious Memory (1655), a notable study of the two French marriage embassies, of Anjou and of Alençon, which revealed in unprecedented fashion the official despatches and correspondence and is a landmark in English historiography.
Digges left a fund in his will that provided, for some 200 years after his death, an annuity of £20 as prize money for races between the men and women of the parish of Chilham, Kent.
Family
Digges married Mary Kempe, daughter and co-heir of Sir Thomas Kempe of Olantigh, Kent. They had eight sons and three daughters. Digges's son Edward was among the "planters," who emigrated in the 1640s and became Governor of Virginia. Another son, Dudley (c. 1612–1643) published a treatise on the Illegality of Subjects taking up Arms against their Sovereigns (1643).
Sir Dudley Digges and Lady Mary Kemp had 11 children, 8 boys and 3 girls, of who 8 survived to adulthood:
- Thomas Digges (b. 1603)
- Ann Digges (b. 1616)
- Elizabeth Digges (b. 1617)
- Francis Digges (b. 1619)
- Edward Digges (1621 - 1675), a barrister and colonist who served as Colonial Governor of Virginia from March 1655 to December 1656. Edward Digges' son Dudley Digges (c. 1728 – 1790), served in the House of Burgesses from 1752 until the Revolutionary War. Dudley Digges was a member of the Committee of Safety established by the Virginia Conventions to act in the absence of the royal governor, he would become a lieutenant governor of Virginia and was one of the members of the Virginia Assembly captured by the British in a Charlottesville raid in 1781.[6]
- Leonard Digges (b. 1622)
- Herbert Digges (b. 1628)
- Richard Digges (b. 1635)
See also
Footnotes
- . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- 'Alumni Oxonienses, 1500–1714: Dabbe-Dirkin', Alumni Oxonienses 1500–1714: Abannan-Kyte (1891), pp. 366-405. Date accessed: 12 December 2011
- Browne Willis Notitia parliamentaria, or, An history of the counties, cities, and boroughs in England and Wales: ... The whole extracted from mss. and printed evidences 1750 pp176-228
- House of Commons Journal Volume 1: 8 April 1614', Journal of the House of Commons: volume 1: 1547–1629 (1802), pp. 456-57. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=9520. Date accessed: 1 April 2006.
- "The laws of England have taught us that kings cannot command ill or unlawful things. And whatsoever ill events succeed, the executioners of such designs must answer for them". — Sir Dudley Digges, 1626, quoted by Sommerville.
- Dudley Digges
References
- "William Baffin, 1615–16"
- Cambridge History of English and American Literature (1907–21), vol VII, ch. viii.4 The Compleat Ambassador.
- J.P. Sommerville, "The crisis of 1626"
- National Portrait Gallery, London: Sir Dudley Digges, sitter in three portraits (early nineteenth-century engraving and mezzotints after a painting)
| Parliament of England | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Newly enfranchised |
Member of Parliament for Tewkesbury 1610–1626 With: Edward Ferrers 1610–1611 Sir John Ratcliffe 1614 Giles Brydges 1621–1622 Sir Baptist Hicks 1624–1626 |
Succeeded by Sir Baptist Hicks Sir Thomas Colepeper |
| Preceded by Sir Edward Hales Sir Edward Scot |
Member of Parliament for Kent 1628–1629 With: Thomas Finch |
Succeeded by Parliament suspended until 1640 |
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