Dresdner Bank

Dresdner Bank AG was one of Germany's largest banking corporations and was based in Frankfurt. It was acquired by competitor Commerzbank in May 2009.

Dresdner Bank AG
Subsidiary (AG)
IndustryFinancial services
FateAcquired by Commerzbank
FoundedNovember 12, 1872 (1872-11-12)
DefunctMay 2009
HeadquartersFrankfurt, Germany
ProductsRetail, commercial and commercial real estate banking
Number of employees
21,341 (December 2008) 
ParentAllianz
Websitewww.dresdner-bank.com (redirects to Commerzbank)
The 1978 Silberturm was part of the head office of Dresdner Bank
The Gallileo building (completed in 2003) was also part of the head office of Dresdner Bank

History

19th century

Dresdner Bank was established on 12 November 1872 through the conversion of private bank Michael Kaskel. Dresdner Bank founding consortium consisted of Allgemeine Deutsche Creditanstalt (Leipzig), Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft (Berlin), Deutsche Vereinsbank (Frankfurt am Main), Deutsche Effecten- und Wechselbank (Frankfurt am Main) and Anglo-Deutsche Bank (Hamburg) with an initial capital of 8 million Thalers (24 million Marks) and 30 employees in Wilsdruffer Strasse in Dresden. In the 1870s, Dresdner Bank acquired smaller regional institutes and several banks. The new branch in Berlin quickly exceeded the office in Dresden; therefore, the registered office moved to Berlin in 1884 leaving the place of jurisdiction in Dresden until 1950. After few new acquisitions, (even the acquisition of founder of Anglo-Deutsche Bank) opened the first international branch in London in 1895.

By 1900, Dresdner bank had the largest German branch network. In all, the Dresdner Bank had (beginning of 1909) 27 branches, all, with the exception of the one in London, being located in Germany. In addition it had one silent partner and 57 deposit offices, 23 being in Berlin. In 1905 a close alliance was formed with the banking house of J. P. Morgan & Co., New York, for joint action in international finance and issue operations, particularly the absorption of American securities by German investors. Operations in the orient and South America were carried on jointly in cooperation with the A. Schaaffhausen'scher Bankverein.[1] During the First World War, the London branch was forced to close; however, the branch network itself expanded.

Early 20th century and World War II

After the banking crisis in 1931 the German Reich owned 66% and Deutsche Golddiskontbank owned 22% of Dresdner Bank shares. Its deputy director was Dr Schacht, Minister of Economy under Nazism. The Bank was reprivatised in 1937.

During World War II, Dresdner Bank controlled various banks in countries under German Occupation. It took over the Bohemian Discount Bank in Prague, the Societatea Bancară Română in Bucharest, the Handels- und Kreditbank in Riga, the Kontinentale Bank in Brussels, and Banque d'Athenes. It maintained majority control of the Croatian Landerbank and the Kommerzialbank in Kraków and the Deutsche Handels- und Kreditbank in Bratislava. It took over the French interests in the Hungarian General Bank and the Greek Credit Bank, and it founded the Handelstrust West N. V. in Amsterdam. It also controlled Banque Bulgare de Commerce in Sofia and the Deutsche Orient-Bank in Turkey.

As a result of World War II 80% of the Bank's buildings were destroyed, costing the Bank 162 offices in 56 locations.

Post World War II era

Monetary reform and the introduction of the Deutsche Mark in 1948 helped return banking to normality.

On 30 July 1977 in Oberursel (Taunus), Jürgen Ponto, the chairman of the board of directors of Dresdner Bank, was shot in his home during an attempted kidnapping by the RAF. Ponto later died from his injuries.[2][3][4][5]

Dresdner Bank expanded its network with acquisition and opening new offices not only in Europe but also in the United States, Singapore, Canada, Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, and China. Dresdner Bank was the first to open its own office in former eastern Germany in Dresden on 2 January 1990. After the acquisition of Kleinwort Benson in 1995 to form its investment-banking arm Dresdner Kleinwort, Dresdner Bank took over the American investment bank Wasserstein Perella Group Inc., New York in 2000. This investment banking unit was then renamed Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein.

Allianz era

In 2002 Dresdner Bank became a wholly owned subsidiary of the insurance corporation Allianz. In July 2006 Dresdner Kleinwort, dropped Wasserstein from their name and went through a re-organization of corporate bank, capital markets and investment bank. The arm made up of Capital Markets and Investment Banking.

In 2008 it was reported that Allianz was looking to dispose of Dresdner Bank. British banking group Lloyds TSB were amongst those rumoured to be interested. However, by July that year Lloyds TSB had denied any interest in making a bid.

Takeover by Commerzbank

On August 31, 2008, Commerzbank announced that it would acquire Dresdner Bank for EUR 9.8 billion.[6] Dresdner Bank was legally merged with Commerzbank on 11 May 2009 and ceased to be an independent entity.[7]

Acquisition by Deutsche Bank

In 2009, Deutsche Bank announced it will integrate the Dresdner Agency Security Lending business into its Trust & Securities Services (TSS) business in Global Transaction Banking (GTB).[8]

Controversies

Nazi era

Dresdner Bank was known as the bank of choice for Heinrich Himmler's SS.[9]

The bank took part early on in Nazi Germany's confiscation of Jewish property and wealth.[9] The bank helped to finance concentration camps, including Auschwitz.[10]

The bank was closely involved in the occupation of Europe, "essentially acting as the bank of the SS in Poland".[9]

Gazprom

Dresdner Bank attempted to get a banking operating license in Saint Petersburg, where former KGB agent Vladimir Putin was in charge of foreign economic relations.[lower-alpha 1] Dresdner Bank appointed Matthias Warnig, a former Stasi agent and Vladimir Putin's former KGB contact,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][lower-alpha 2] to negotiate with Putin. The office was opened in 1991.[14][17] Warnig became Chairman of the Board of Directors of Dresdner Bank ZAO, Dresdner Bank Russian subsidiary.

The bank has had a lucrative business relationship with Gazprom and the state oil company Rosneft. The bank advised on the forced sale of Yukos assets.[21]

2008 Dividend stripping

In 2017, Frankfurt prosecutors, together with federal crime police and tax officials, conducted searches of Commerzbank offices as well as the flats of three suspects in Frankfurt and nearby Hanau about a "tax evasion probe in which several current and former managers are suspected of evading 40 million euros ($47 million) in taxes via dividend stripping, also known as "cum-ex" transactions".[22] The investigation also extends to trades in 2008 at Dresdner Bank, which was taken over by Commerzbank in 2009.[22]

Notes
  1. Lazar Matveev served as a senior KGB liaison officer to the Stasi in Dresden, East Germany, during 1982 to 1989, and was the boss of Vladimir Putin and his former KGB colleagues Sergey Chemezov and Nikolay Tokarev.[11][12]
  2. Vladimir Putin, KGB, recruited Mathias Warnig, Stasi, because the Stasi had West German spies and the KGB wanted to develop its own spy network in West Germany by recruiting Stasi West German spies into the KGB.[13]
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References
  1. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Dresdner Bank, The" . Encyclopedia Americana.
  2. Winkler, Heinrich August (2007). Germany: 1933-1990. Oxford University Press. p. 318. ISBN 978-0-19-926598-5. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
  3. Melzer, Patricia (2009). "'Death in the Shape of a Young Girl': Feminist Responses to Media Representations of Women Terrorists during the 'German Autumn' of 1977". International Feminist Journal of Politics. 11 (1): 35–62. doi:10.1080/14616740802567782.
  4. "Red Roses from Roter Morgen". TIME. 15 August 1977. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  5. "Über Jürgen Ponto" [About Jürgen Ponto] (in German). Commerzbank. 2017-07-24. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  6. Esterl, Mike; Cimilluca, Dana (2008-09-01). "Commerzbank to Acquire German Rival Dresdner". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2020-05-27.
  7. Dresdner Bank Facts and Figures
  8. "Deutsche Bank to Acquire Dresdner Bank's Global Agency Securities Lending Business". www.businesswire.com. 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2020-05-27.
  9. Hitler's Willing Bankers Spiegel Online International
  10. Report: German Bank Helped Build Auschwitz Deutsche Welle
  11. Politike.ru | Лазарь Матвеев | http://politike.ru/termin/matveev-lazar-lazarevich.html
  12. "Putin visits his former KGB boss on his 90th birthday (VIDEO)". RT. May 8, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  13. Dawisha, Karen (2014). Putin's Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia?. Simon & Schuster. pp. 51–6. ISBN 978-1-4767-9519-5.
  14. "Report Links Putin to Dresdner". The St. Petersburg Times. March 1, 2005. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
  15. Nölting, Andreas; Stuhr, Arne (February 23, 2005). "Der Präsident, die Stasi und der Banker". Manager-Magasin. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  16. Chazan, Guy; Crawford, David (February 23, 2005). "In From the Cold: A Friendship Forged in Spying Pays Dividends in Russia Today: Top Dresdner Banker's Ties to Putin Go Back to Days When They Were Agents". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  17. Macrakis, Kristie (2008). Seduced by Secrets Inside the Stasi's Spy-Tech World. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521887472.
  18. Franchetti, Mark (March 19, 2000). "Young Putin's Spy Disaster". The Sunday Times. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  19. Pietsch, Irene (2001). Heikle Freundschaftgen: Mit den Putins Russland erleben [Delicate Friendships: Experiences with the Putins Russia] (in German). Vienna: Molden Verlag. ISBN 978-3854850595.
  20. Питч, Ирен (Pitch, Iren); (translators from German to Russian: И.Алексеевой; Л.Есаковой; Р.Эйвадиса) (2002). Пикантная дружба: Моя подруга Людмила Путина, товарищ [The Spicey Friendship: My Friend Lyudmila Putina, Her Family and Dear Companion] (in Russian). Moscow: Zakharov. ISBN 978-5815901810.
  21. Nord Stream, Matthias Warnig (codename "Arthur") and the Gazprom Lobby Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 6 Issue: 114
  22. Maria Sheahan, Tom Sims, Hans Seidenstuecker (14 November 2017). "German prosecutors raid Commerzbank in tax evasion probe". Reuters. Missing or empty |url= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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