Donegal (Dáil constituency)

Donegal is a parliamentary constituency which is represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas, since the 2016 general election. The constituency elects 5 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs). The method of election is the single transferable vote form of proportional representation (PR-STV).

Donegal
Dáil Éireann
Parliamentary Constituency
Current constituency
Created2016
Seats5
TDs
County councilDonegal County Council
EP constituencyMidlands–North-West
Donegal
Former Dáil Éireann
Parliamentary Constituency
Former constituency
Created1921
Abolished1937
Seats6 (1921–1923)
8 (1923–1937)
County councilCounty Donegal
Donegal
Former Dáil Éireann
Parliamentary Constituency
Former constituency
Created1977
Abolished1981
Seats5
County councilCounty Donegal

It covers the current County Donegal with the exception of nine southern electoral divisions which are part of the neighbouring Sligo–Leitrim constituency.

History and boundaries

1921 to 1937

The Donegal constituency was created in 1921 under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, for the 1921 election to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland, whose members formed the 2nd Dáil. It elected 6 deputies in 1921, and again at the 1922 general election. It covered the whole territory of County Donegal in north-west Ireland.

Under the Electoral Act 1923, the constituency's boundaries remained unchanged, and were defined simply as "the administrative county of Donegal". However, its representation was increased from 6 to 8 seats.[1]

The Donegal constituency was abolished by the Electoral (Revision of Constituencies) Act 1935, with effect from the 1937 general election. It was replaced by two new constituencies: the 4 seat Donegal East and the 3 seat Donegal West.[2]

1977 to 1981

A Donegal constituency was re-established under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1974, and first used at the 1977 general election to the 21st Dáil. The new 5 seat constituency did not cover all of County Donegal; an area in the south of the county, including the rural hinterland of Ballyshannon and the town of Bundoran, was included in the Sligo–Leitrim constituency.[3]

The revived constituency was short-lived, as under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1980, it was replaced by two new 3 seat constituencies, Donegal North-East and Donegal South-West.[4]

Since 2016

In 2012 the Constituency Commission proposed that at the next general election a new constituency called Donegal be created.[5] The report proposed changes to the constituencies of Ireland so as to reduce the total number of TDs from 166 to 158.[6]

It was established by the Electoral (Amendment) (Dáil Constituencies) Act 2013.[7] It replaced the constituencies of Donegal North-East and Donegal South-West and comprises the county of Donegal except for the area south of Donegal town around Ballyshannon and Bundoran, which is in the Sligo–Leitrim constituency.[5]

The 2013 Act defines the constituency as:[7]

"The county of Donegal, except the part thereof which is comprised in the constituency of Sligo–Leitrim."

TDs

TDs 1921–1937
Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Donegal 1921–1937[8]
Key to parties
DáilElectionDeputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)
2nd1921[9] Joseph O'Doherty
(SF)		 Samuel O'Flaherty
(SF)		 Patrick McGoldrick
(SF)		 Joseph McGinley
(SF)		 Joseph Sweeney
(SF)		 Peter Ward
(SF)		 6 seats
1921–1923
3rd1922[10] Joseph O'Doherty
(SF (AT))		 Samuel O'Flaherty
(SF (AT))		 Patrick McGoldrick
(SF (PT))		 Joseph McGinley
(SF (PT))		 Joseph Sweeney
(SF (PT))		 Peter Ward
(SF (PT))
4th1923[11] Joseph O'Doherty
(Rep)		 Peadar O'Donnell
(Rep)		 Patrick McGoldrick
(CnaG)		 Eugene Doherty
(CnaG)		 Patrick McFadden
(CnaG)		 Peter Ward
(CnaG)		 James Myles
(Ind)		 John White
(FP)
1924 by-election[12] Denis McCullough
(CnaG)
5th1927 (Jun)[13] Frank Carney
(FF)		 Neal Blaney
(FF)		 Daniel McMenamin
(NL)		 Michael Óg McFadden
(CnaG)		 Hugh Law
(CnaG)
6th1927 (Sep)[14] Archie Cassidy
(Lab)
7th1932[15] Brian Brady
(FF)		 Daniel McMenamin
(CnaG)		 John White
(CnaG)		 James Dillon
(Ind)
8th1933[16] Joseph O'Doherty
(FF)		 Hugh Doherty
(FF)		 Michael Óg McFadden
(CnaG)		 James Dillon
(NCP)
9th1937 Constituency abolished. See Donegal East and Donegal West

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

TDs 1977–1981
Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Donegal 1977–1981[8]
Key to parties
DáilElectionDeputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)
21st1977[17] Hugh Conaghan
(FF)		 Joseph Brennan
(FF)		 Neil Blaney
(IFF)		 James White
(FG)		 Paddy Harte
(FG)
1980 by-election[18] Clement Coughlan
(FF)
22nd1981 Constituency abolished. See Donegal North-East and Donegal South-West

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

TDs since 2016
Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Donegal 2016–
Key to parties
DáilElectionDeputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)		Deputy
(Party)
32nd2016[19] Pearse Doherty
(SF)		 Pat "the Cope" Gallagher
(FF)		 Thomas Pringle
(Ind)		 Charlie McConalogue
(FF)		 Joe McHugh
(FG)
33rd2020 Pádraig Mac Lochlainn
(SF)

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

Elections

2020 general election
2020 general election: Donegal[20][21][22]
PartyCandidateFPv%Count 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9
Sinn Féin Pearse Doherty 27.2 21,044                
Sinn Féin Pádraig Mac Lochlainn 17.9 13,891                
Fianna Fáil Charlie McConalogue 10.8 8,347 8,871 9,022 9,078 9,425 9,633 10,054 10,270 11,432
Fine Gael Joe McHugh 9.8 7,621 8,093 8,129 8,170 8,309 8,740 8,988 10,920 12,104
Fianna Fáil Pat "the Cope" Gallagher 9.6 7,469 8,661 8,688 8,729 8,905 9,035 9,518 10,146 11,074
Independent Thomas Pringle 7.1 5,472 8,270 8,521 8,621 8,947 9,637 10,241 10,755 12,245
Independent John O'Donnell 6.1 4,735 5,620 5,780 5,891 6,168 6,294 6,956 7,106  
Fine Gael Martin Harley 3.9 3,056 3,491 3,502 3,526 3,650 3,771 3,896    
Aontú Mary T. Sweeney 3.1 2,382 2,827 2,907 3,128 3,349 3,600      
Green Party Michael White 2.1 1,656 2,113 2,194 2,220 2,339        
Independent Peter Casey 1.5 1,143 1,804 1,950 2,132          
Independent Niall McConnell 0.7 580 803 832            
Independent Arthur McGuinness 0.1 56 99 109            
Electorate: 125,911   Valid: 77,452   Spoilt: 647   Quota: 12,909   Turnout: 78,099 (62.0%)

    2020 Donegal opinion poll
    Last date
    of polling    		 Polling firm / Commissioner Sample
    size    		 FF SF FG Pringle GP Aon O'Donnell Casey McConnell Lead
    23 January 2020 TG4/Ipsos MRBI[23] 550 22 39 20 6 4 3 4 2 1 17
    26 February 2016 General election 31.0 27.5 15.4 8.5 0.6 3.5

    2016 general election
    2016 general election: Donegal [24][25][19]
    PartyCandidateFPv%Count 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10Count 11Count 12Count 13
    Fianna Fáil Charlie McConalogue 17.1 12,533                        
    Sinn Féin Pearse Doherty 14.1 10,300 10,305 10,330 10,524 10,870 11,053 11,190 14,600          
    Fianna Fáil Pat "the Cope" Gallagher 13.9 10,198 10,203 10,362 10,504 10,694 10,941 11,160 11,267 11,398 11,832 13,138    
    Fine Gael Joe McHugh 11.5 8,412 8,414 8,443 8,704 8,795 8,965 11,016 11,040 11,061 11,784 12,469    
    Independent Thomas Pringle 8.5 6,220 6,239 6,247 6,498 6,689 7,389 7,522 7,617 7,722 8,491 9,462 9,888 10,082
    Sinn Féin Pádraig Mac Lochlainn 7.8 5,742 5,743 5,773 5,893 5,961 6,008 6,032 6,567 8,509 9,143 9,716 9,852 9,898
    Sinn Féin Gary Doherty 5.6 4,136 4,138 4,142 4,183 4,377 4,420 4,456            
    Independent Dessie Shiels 5.1 3,724 3,724 3,739 3,986 4,166 4,288 4,463 4,497 4,540        
    Independent Tim Jackson 4.9 3,580 3,585 3,601 3,752 4,034 4,319 4,524 4,650 4,790 5,864      
    Fine Gael Paddy Harte Jnr 3.9 2,831 2,832 2,838 2,934 3,133 3,244              
    Independent Frank McBrearty Jnr 2.6 1,914 1,917 1,921 1,981                  
    Independent Niamh Kennedy 2.5 1,836 1,842 1,848 1,983 2,057                
    Independent Ian McGarvey 1.3 982 982 989                    
    Green Party Paula Flanagan 0.6 428 442 443                    
    Independent Michael Mooney 0.5 397 402 407                    
    Fís Nua Cordelia Nic Fhearraigh 0.1 70                        
    Electorate: 117,675   Valid: 73,303   Spoilt: 654   Quota: 12,218   Turnout: 73,957 (62.85%)

      2016 Donegal opinion poll
      Last date
      of polling      		 Polling firm / Commissioner Sample
      size      		 FF SF FG Pringle Shiels McBrearty Jackson McGarvey Kennedy Lead
      08 February 2016 TG4/Ipsos MRBI[26] ~500 30 30 17 7 7 4 3 2 2 0
      26 February 2016 General election 31.0 27.5 15.4 8.5 5.1 2.6 4.9 1.3 2.5 3.5

      1980 by-election

      A by-election was held on 6 November 1980 to fill the vacancy caused by the death on 13 July 1980 of the Fianna Fáil TD Joseph Brennan. It was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate Clement Coughlan, who died in a road accident in early 1983, triggering a by-election in the Donegal South-West constituency.

      1980 by-election: Donegal[27]
      PartyCandidateFPv%Count 1Count 2Count 3
      Fianna Fáil Clement Coughlan 39.0 23,456 24,000 29,219
      Fine Gael Denis McGinley 33.3 20,022 20,793 24,085
      Independent Fianna Fáil Paddy Kelly 23.6 14,198 14,992  
      Sinn Féin - The Workers' Party Séamus Rodgers 4.0 2,401    
      Electorate: 81,340   Valid: 60,077   Quota: 30,039   Turnout: 73.86%

        1977 general election
        1977 general election: Donegal[17]
        Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
        Fine Gael James White 10,672 17.6 1 1
        Independent Fianna Fáil Neil Blaney 10,499 17.3 2 1
        Fine Gael Paddy Harte 8,483 13.9 3
        Fianna Fáil Joseph Brennan 6,448 10.6 4
        Fianna Fáil Bernard McGlinchey 5,693 9.4
        Fianna Fáil Hugh Conaghan 5,413 8.9 5
        Fianna Fáil Patrick Delap 4,583 7.5
        Independent Paddy Keaveney 3,325 5.5
        Fine Gael Séamus Gill 2,946 4.8
        Sinn Féin - The Workers' Party Séamus Rodgers 2,505 4.1
        Independent Charles Long 256 0.4
        Electorate: 77,813   Valid: 60,823   Quota: 10,138   Turnout: 78.2%

        1933 general election
        1933 general election: Donegal[16]
        Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
        Independent James Myles 10,784 15.5 1 1
        Fianna Fáil Brian Brady 7,615 11.0 5
        Fianna Fáil Joseph O'Doherty 7,384 10.6 7
        Fianna Fáil Neal Blaney 7,310 10.5 6
        Fianna Fáil Hugh Doherty 7,055 10.1 8
        Fianna Fáil Archie Cassidy 6,036 8.7
        National Centre Party James Dillon 5,319 7.7 4
        Cumann na nGaedheal Daniel McMenamin 5,261 7.6 3
        Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Óg McFadden 4,725 6.8 2
        Cumann na nGaedheal Michael McGilligan 4,306 6.2
        Cumann na nGaedheal Eugene Doherty 3,779 5.4
        Electorate: 88,666   Valid: 69,574   Quota: 7,731   Turnout: 78.5%

        1932 general election
        1932 general election: Donegal[15]
        Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
        Independent James Myles 10,077 15.6 1 1
        Independent James Dillon 7,645 11.8 2 1
        Fianna Fáil Neal Blaney 7,416 11.4 3 1
        Fianna Fáil Brian Brady 4,955 7.6 8
        Fianna Fáil Hugh Doherty 4,691 7.2
        Cumann na nGaedheal John White 4,654 7.2 5
        Cumann na nGaedheal Eugene Doherty 4,313 6.7 6
        Cumann na nGaedheal Daniel McMenamin 4,050 6.3 4
        Fianna Fáil Frank Carney 3,874 6.0 7
        Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Óg McFadden 3,737 5.8
        Fianna Fáil Patrick Doherty 3,370 5.2
        Cumann na nGaedheal Hugh Law 2,795 4.3
        Labour Party Archie Cassidy 2,506 3.9
        Labour Party Charles Sweeney 733 1.1
        Electorate: 87,413   Valid: 64,816   Quota: 7,202   Turnout: 74.1%

        September 1927 general election
        September 1927 general election: Donegal[14]
        Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
        Independent James Myles 7,934 14.5 1 1
        Fianna Fáil Neal Blaney 6,877 12.6 2 1
        Cumann na nGaedheal Eugene Doherty 6,108 11.2 3 1
        Cumann na nGaedheal Hugh Law 5,224 9.6 5
        Fianna Fáil Frank Carney 4,811 8.8 4
        Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Óg McFadden 4,740 8.7 7
        Farmers' Party John White 4,637 8.5 8
        Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McGoldrick 3,889 7.1
        Labour Party Archie Cassidy 3,675 6.7 6
        Fianna Fáil Patrick McGinley 2,463 4.5
        Cumann na nGaedheal Edward Kelly 2,067 3.8
        Fianna Fáil John O'Flaherty 1,973 3.6
        Independent Kate McCarry 164 0.3
        Electorate: 90,224   Valid: 54,552   Quota: 6,062   Turnout: 60.5%

        June 1927 general election
        June 1927 general election: Donegal[13]
        Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
        Independent James Myles 7,557 15.1 1 1
        National League Party Daniel McMenamin 5,828 11.7 2 1
        Fianna Fáil Neal Blaney 5,681 11.4 4
        Farmers' Party John White 5,031 10.1 3
        Cumann na nGaedheal Eugene Doherty 4,005 8.0 6
        Cumann na nGaedheal Hugh Law 3,596 7.2 7
        Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Óg McFadden 3,105 6.2 8
        Fianna Fáil Frank Carney 3,002 6.0 5
        Fianna Fáil Seamus Monaghan 2,899 5.8
        Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McGoldrick 2,750 5.5
        Labour Party Archie Cassidy 2,491 5.0
        Labour Party Denis Houston 2,005 4.0
        Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McFadden 1,975 3.9
        Electorate: 90,224   Valid: 49,925   Quota: 5,548[28]   Turnout: 55.3%

        1924 by-election

        A by-election was held on 20 November 1924 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation on 1 August 1924 of the Cumann na nGaedheal TD Peter Ward. There were only two candidates, and the winner was the Cumann na nGaedheal candidate Denis McCullough.

        1924 by-election: Donegal[12]
        PartyCandidateFPv%Count 1
        Cumann na nGaedheal Denis McCullough 57.6 24,919
        Republican Thomas Daly 42.4 18,371
        Electorate: 96,777   Valid: 43,290   Quota: 21,646   Turnout: 44.7%

          1923 general election

          The 1923 general election to the 4th Dáil was the first in the Donegal constituency where the number of candidates exceeded the number of seats. Under the Electoral Act 1923, Donegal's representation had been increased from six to eight seats, and these were contested by no less than 19 candidates.

          1923 general election: Donegal[11]
          Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
          Independent James Myles 6,954 13.2 1 1
          Cumann na nGaedheal Peter Ward 5,513 10.5 2
          Cumann na nGaedheal Eugene Doherty 5,261 10.0 3
          Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McGoldrick 3,743 7.1 6
          Republican Brian Monaghan 3,678 7.0
          Farmers' Party John White 3,673 7.0 4
          Republican Peadar O'Donnell 3,621 6.9 7
          Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McFadden 3,492 6.6 5
          Republican Joseph O'Doherty 3,213 6.1 8
          Labour Party Denis Houston 2,456 4.7
          Farmers' Party Hugh Law 1,718 3.3
          Republican Samuel O'Flaherty 1,647 3.1
          Cumann na nGaedheal H. J. O'Kelly 1,489 2.8
          Ratepayers' Association Michael McNelis 1,432 2.7
          Farmers' Party Neil Faulkner 1,209 2.3
          Farmers' Party Andrew Lowry 1,127 2.1
          Independent Daniel McMenamin 927 1.8
          Republican Edward Gallen 908 1.7
          Independent Henry McGowan 69 1.3
          Electorate: 96,977   Valid: 52,730   Quota: 5,859   Turnout: 54.4%

          1922 general election

          As at the 1921 general election, Sinn Féin stood one candidate for every seat, except those for two Dublin constituencies; the treaty had divided the party between 65 pro-treaty candidates, 57 anti-treaty and 1 nominally on both sides. Unlike the elections a year earlier, other parties stood in most constituencies forcing single transferable vote elections, with Sinn Féin losing 30 seats.

          In Donegal, Sinn Féin's six outgoing TDs from the 2nd Dáil were elected unopposed, Socialist Republican, Jack White having withdrawn his candidacy.[29] Two had opposed the treaty, and four supported it; they are listed here in alphabetical order

          1922 general election: Donegal[10]
          Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
          Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Joseph McGinley Unopposed N/A 1
          Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Patrick McGoldrick Unopposed N/A 2
          Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) Joseph O'Doherty Unopposed N/A 3
          Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) Samuel O'Flaherty Unopposed N/A 4
          Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Joseph Sweeney Unopposed N/A 5
          Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Peter Ward Unopposed N/A 6

          1921 general election

          At the 1921 general election to the 2nd Dáil, no seats were contested in the 26 counties which became the Irish Free State. In Donegal, six Sinn Féin candidates were nominated for the constituency's eight seats. Major Robert L Moore, who had contested East Donegal in 1918, was selected as the Unionist candidate by 22 April 1921[30] but was described on 15 May 1921 as 'having at the last moment withdrawn'.[31][32] No ballot was needed, and all six candidates were elected unopposed after the close of nominations on 24 May 1921. The 6 TDs elected are listed here in alphabetical order:[8]

          1921 general election: Donegal[9]
          Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
          Sinn Féin Joseph McGinley Unopposed N/A 1
          Sinn Féin Patrick McGoldrick Unopposed N/A 2
          Sinn Féin Joseph O'Doherty Unopposed N/A 3
          Sinn Féin Samuel O'Flaherty Unopposed N/A 4
          Sinn Féin Joseph Sweeney Unopposed N/A 5
          Sinn Féin Peter Ward Unopposed N/A 6
          gollark: https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/426116061415342080/776233904968957962/1b53c9f621443ba90d71-1.jpeg?width=422&height=422
          gollark: ↓ picture of osmarks.tk™ headquarters
          gollark: Is there a way for new lc to enter the system beyond citronic giveaways?
          gollark: * `None` are safe.
          gollark: Hopefully I will then stop having to hear about stupid things going on in the US. Hopefully.

          See also

          References
          1. "Electoral Act, 1923: Eighth Schedule (Constituencies)". Irish Statute Book database. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
          2. "Electoral (Revision of Constituencies) Act, 1935: First Schedule (Revised constituencies)". Irish Statute Book database. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
          3. "Electoral (Amendment) Act, 1974: Schedule (Constituencies)". Irish Statute Book database. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
          4. "Electoral (Amendment) Act, 1980: Schedule (Constituencies)". Irish Statute Book database. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
          5. "Constituency Commission Report 2012 – Donegal – Sligo – Leitrim – Cavan – Monaghan area" (PDF). Constituency Commission. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
          6. "Constituency Commission Report 2012 – Introduction and summary of recommendation" (PDF). Constituency Commission. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
          7. "Electoral (Amendment) (Dáil Constituencies) Act 2013: Schedule". Irish Statute Book database. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
          8. Walker, Brian M, ed. (1992). Parliamentary election results in Ireland, 1918–92. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 0-901714-96-8. ISSN 0332-0286.
          9. "General election 1921: Donegal". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
          10. "General election 1922: Donegal". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
          11. "General election 1923: Donegal". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
          12. "By-election 1924: Donegal". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
          13. "General election June 1927: Donegal". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
          14. "General election September 1927: Donegal". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
          15. "General election 1932: Donegal". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
          16. "General election 1933: Donegal". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
          17. "General election 1977: Donegal". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
          18. "By-election 1980: Donegal". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
          19. "General election 2016: Donegal". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
          20. "General Election 2020 Results – Donegal". RTÉ News. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
          21. "Donegal Results 2020". Irish Times. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
          22. "Donegal: 2020 General Election". Irelandelection.com. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
          23. "Pobalbhreith Ipsos MRBI Dún na nGall". tg4.ie (in Irish). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
          24. "Donegal Results 2016". Irelandelections.com.
          25. "Donegal Results 2016". RTE. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019.
          26. "Straitéis togcháin Fhianna Fáil níos éifeachtaí na Sinn Féin i nDún na nGall". tg4.ie (in Irish). Retrieved 2 February 2020.
          27. Gallagher, Michael (2009). Irish Elections 1948–77: Results and Analysis Sources for the Study of Irish Politics 2. Routledge. ISBN 9781138973343.
          28. The sources disagree on the size of the quota. Walker (1992) lists it at 5,738 votes, but ElectionsIreland.org lists it at 5,548. The figure of 5,548 tallies with a calculation using the Droop quota#Formula.
          29. Arthur Mitchell, ‘White, James Robert (1879–1946)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
          30. The Evening Leader, Corning, NY, 22 April 1921, P2
          31. The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) May 15, 1921, Section One, Image 3
          32. New-York tribune., May 14, 1921, Page 2, Image 2, citing Associated Press

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