Diocese of Rome

The Diocese of Rome (Latin: Dioecesis Urbis seu Romana;[2] Italian: Diocesi di Roma) is the ecclesiastical district under the direct jurisdiction of the Pope, who is Bishop of Rome as well as the supreme pontiff and leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. As the Holy See, the papacy is a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations,[3] and civil jurisdiction over the Vatican City State located geographically within Rome. The Diocese of Rome is the metropolitan diocese of the Province of Rome, an ecclesiastical province in Italy. The first bishop of Rome was Saint Peter in the first century. The incumbent since 13 March 2013 is Pope Francis.

Diocese of Rome

Dioecesis Urbis seu Romana

Diocesi di Roma
Location
CountryItaly, Vatican
TerritoryRome
Ecclesiastical provinceRome
MetropolitanRome
Coordinates41°53′9.26″N 12°30′22.16″E
Statistics
Area881 km2 (340 sq mi)
Population
- Total
- Catholics		(as of 2013)
2,885,272
2,365,923 (82%)
Parishes334
Churches711
Information
DenominationCatholic Church
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
Established1st century
CathedralArchbasilica of Saint John Lateran
Patron saintSaint Peter
Saint Paul
Saint Catherine of Siena
Saint Philip Neri
Saint Lawrence of Rome
Secular priests1,589
Current leadership
GovernanceHoly See
BishopPope Francis
Auxiliary Bishops
Bishops emeritus
Website
diocesidiroma.it
Source: Annuario Pontificio 2012

Historically, many Rome-born men, as well as others born elsewhere on the Italian Peninsula have served as bishops of Rome. Since 1900, however, there has been only one Rome-born bishop of Rome, Pius XII (1939–1958). In addition, non-Italians have served as bishops of Rome since John Paul II was elected in 1978.

It is the metropolitan archdiocese of the Roman ecclesiastical province and primatial see of Italy. The cathedral is the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran. The primate of Italy is the pope, holding primacy of honor over the Italian sees and also primacy of jurisdiction over all other episcopal sees by Catholic tradition.

Titles
Further information: Pope and Pope (word)

The pope is, in the first place, the bishop of Rome. Some titles derive from his role as head of the diocese of Rome. Those officially listed for him in the Annuario Pontificio are:

Other titles are in reference to his position as head of the Church:

The title "pope" does not appear in the official list, but is commonly used in the titles of documents, and appears, in abbreviated form, in the signatures of the popes.

List
For a chronological list of popes, see List of popes.

Origins
Further information: History of the papacy

The best evidence available for the origins of the Church in Rome is Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans. This indicates that the church was established probably by the early 40s AD. Saint Peter became associated with this church sometime between the year 58 and the early 60s.[4]

According to one historian:

The final years of the first century and the early years of the second constitute the "postapostolic" period, as reflected in the extrabiblical writings of Clement of Rome and Ignatius of Antioch. By now the church at Rome was exercising a pastoral care that extended beyond its own community, having replaced Jerusalem as the practical center of the growing universal Church. Appeals were made to Peter and Paul, with whom the Roman church was most closely identified.[4]

Diocesan territory
Further information: Vatican City

The city of Rome has grown beyond the boundaries of the diocese. Notable parts of the city belong to the dioceses of Ostia and Porto-Santa Rufina. Ostia is administered together with the Vicariate of the City and thus included in the statistics given below, while Porto is instead administered by its own diocesan bishop. The diocese covers an area of 849 km² and includes most of the city and the municipality of Rome in Italy, and the entire territory of Vatican City. The diocese is divided into two vicariates, each with its respective vicar general.

Each vicar general, in the name and by mandate of the pope, exercises the episcopal ministry and pastoral government for the diocese of Rome; the vicar general is therefore responsible for the effective government of the Roman diocese, assisted by a vicegerent archbishop and auxiliary bishops.

The Papal Cathedra, the throne of the Pope in the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (Archibasilica Lateranensis).
Vicariate of the Vatican City
the territory of the Vatican City State. It consists of two parishes: Saint Peter's Basilica and Saint Anne in Vatican.[5][6] The current Vicar General for Vatican City is Cardinal Angelo Comastri.
Vicariate of Rome (Vicariatus urbis)
the territory under Italian sovereignty, plus the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, which is the cathedral of the diocese. The vicar general for the Vicariate of Rome has for centuries been called the cardinal vicar (Italian: Cardinale Vicario), but in a departure from tradition the current vicar, Cardinal Angelo De Donatis, who succeeded Cardinal Agostino Vallini on 29 June 2017, was initially named the titular archbishop of Mottola when appointed vicar general. The vicariate has 336 active and 5 suppressed parishes in its territory.[7] Since 1970 the vicar of the city of Rome has also been assigned the office of archpriest of the Lateran Archbasilica, where the diocesan curia has its headquarters. From a strictly pastoral point of view, the diocese is divided into five sectors: north, south, east, west, and center. Each sector is assigned an auxiliary bishop who collaborates with the vicar general and the vicegerent in the pastoral administration of the diocese. The five bishops of the sectors can be joined by other auxiliary bishops for specific pastoral areas such as health care ministry.

Unless the bishop of a diocese reserves some acts to himself, vicars general have by law within a diocese the power to undertake all administrative acts that pertain to the bishop except those that in law require a special mandate of the bishop.[8]

Clergy

The diocese covers a territory of 881 square kilometres (340 sq mi)[9] of which 0.44 square kilometres (0.17 sq mi) is in the Vatican City State. The diocese has 1,219 diocesan priests of its own, while 2,331 priests of other dioceses, 5,072 religious priests and 140 Opus Dei priests reside in its territory, as do 2,266 women religious.[10] In 2004, they ministered to an estimated 2,454,000 faithful, who made up 88% of the population of the territory.

Ecclesiastical Province of Rome

Suburbicarian sees

Six of the dioceses of the Roman Province are described as suburbicarian.[11] Each suburbicarian diocese has a cardinal bishop at its titular head.

Diocese of Ostia

There remains the titular Suburbicarian See of Ostia, held, in addition to his previous suburbicarian see, by the cardinal bishop elected to be the dean of the College of Cardinals. The Diocese of Ostia was merged with the Diocese of Rome in 1962, and is now administered by a vicar general, in tight cooperation with the vicar general for Rome. It was also diminished to contain only the cathedral parish of Ostia (Sant'Aurea in Ostia Antica), which, however, in 2012 was divided into two parishes, who together form the present diocese of Ostia.

Suffragan sees
See: List of Catholic dioceses (structured view) § Episcopal Conference of Italy, including San Marino and Vatican City State

Other Italian dioceses having Rome as their metropolitan see:

Other exempt (directly subject) sees

Numerous ordinaries and personal prelatures outside the Province of Rome, worldwide, are "Exempt", i.e. "directly subject to the Holy See", not part of any ecclesiastical province, including:

gollark: I'd prefer the ability to swap out batteries over waterproofing.
gollark: I have a long wishlist for phones, but I think the most important thing is actual replaceable parts.
gollark: It's weird, because back in 2017 or so I think most phones, or at least a lot of them, had removable batteries. Now basically none do.
gollark: That's good. We need phones which can actually be repaired. Ideally swappable USB-C ports, screens and batteries with actual standards for multiple phones.
gollark: I've managed to avoid C and assembly so far and am happier for it.

See also

References
  1. "Rinunce e Nomine, 07.03.2015" (Press release) (in Italian). 7 March 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  2. Annuario Pontificio 2012, p. 1
  3. Catholic Encyclopedia article: Rome
  4. McBrien, Richard P. (2008). The Church: The Evolution of Catholicism. New York: HarperOne. pp. 6, 45.
  5. Annuario Pontificio 2012, p. 1386
  6. "Enti Gruppo - Vicariatus Urbis". www.vicariatusurbis.org.
  7. "Vicariatus Urbis: Parrocchie" [Vicariate of Rome: Parishes]. Diocesi di Roma (in Italian). Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  8. "Canon 479 §1". Code of Canon Law. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
  9. "Diocese of Roma {Rome}". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  10. "Vicariatus Urbis: Persone" [Vicariate of Rome: Personnel] (in Italian). Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  11. For the etymology of this word, see Etymology of the English word suburbicarian Archived 23 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
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