Dhaka Medical College and Hospital

Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH) is a public medical college and hospital located in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. It houses the most prestigious medical school as well as the largest tertiary care hospital in the country on one campus. This institution is regarded as the epitome of medical education in Bangladesh since its inception.[2]

Dhaka Medical College
ঢাকা মেডিকেল কলেজ
Logo of Dhaka Medical College
TypePublic Medical College
Established1946 (1946)
Academic affiliation
University of Dhaka Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
PrincipalProf. Khan Abul Kalam Azad
Director of HospitalColonel Nazmul Haque[1]
Undergraduates1008 (2020)
Postgraduates877 (2020)
Address
Secretariat Road, Shahbagh
,
Dhaka
,
Bangladesh

23.7257°N 90.3971°E / 23.7257; 90.3971
CampusUrban
25 acres (0.10 km2)
LanguageEnglish
NicknameDMCans
Websitewww.dmc.gov.bd

Dhaka Medical College pioneered in almost every unique medical achievements of Bangladesh. The country's first ever autologous bone marrow transplant took place in its bone marrow transplant unit[3][4].

History
Hospital Building

Site during pre-college years

The college's original building was built before the Partition of Bengal of 1905. As of 1904, the building was being used as the secretariat (headquarters) of the newly formed provinces of East Bengal and Assam. In 1921, it was turned over to the University of Dhaka, which was founded that year. A part of the huge building was used as the university's medical center, another part as the students' dormitory, and the rest as the office of the administrative wing of the Arts faculty.

In 1939, the Dhaka university council requested British Government to establish a separate medical college in Dhaka. The proposal was postponed because of the onset of the Second World War.

During World War II the medical center building became an American armed forces hospital. The Americans vacated the building at the end of the war.[5]

Establishment of the college

In 1946, due to the partition of India, all the advanced students (From K-4 to K-1) as well as many lecturers and professors were transferred from Calcutta Medical College to start academic studies and maintain hospital facilities in the newly established Dhaka Medical College. Academic classes started on 10 July, which is celebrated as DMC Day.[6][7]

Major W. J. Virgin, the head of the committee formed to establish the Dhaka Medical College, was the first principal. In the beginning there were only four departments – medicine, surgery, gynecology and otolaryngology (ENT). Since the college did not initially have anatomy or physiology departments, the students at first attended those classes at Mitford Medical School (now the Sir Salimullah Medical College); but, after a month, Professor of Anatomy Pashupati Basu and Professor of Physiology Hiralal Saha joined the staff and their specialties were taught in ward no. 22 of the hospital.[7]

Expansion

There was no lecture hall nor dissection gallery at first. These needs were met after the construction of new academic buildings in 1955. The college did not have any student housing. Male students were allowed to reside in the Dhaka University's student halls, but female students did not have the use of that facility. The college and hospital premises were expanded with temporary sheds, some of which were built for outdoor services of the hospital and some for student housing. New buildings for housing, college, and hospital were constructed in phases: a dormitory for girls in 1952, a dormitory for male students in 1954–55, a new complex of academic buildings in 1955, and a dormitory for internee doctors in 1974–75.[5] A new academic and hospital building, adding 500 beds, Dhaka Medical College Hospital-2 (DMCH-2), was inaugurated by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on 3 October 2013.[8]

Historical controversies of K

Every student batch, or class, of Dhaka Medical College is tagged with the prefix K along with a number. The 1st year, the beginning batch of the college, was named K-5, likewise 2nd year as K-4, 3rd year as K-3, 4th year as K-2, and 5th year K-1. In 2020, DMC is hosting its 77th batch, hence branded as K-77. Many theories about the origin of the letter K exist, the most popular being that K stands for Kolkata, as many students of DMC's earlier batches migrated from Calcutta Medical College.[9] Though Kolkata was officially known as Calcutta until 2001[10][11][12] but widely pronounced as Kolkata/Kolikata in Bengali. Another theory proposes that, as the college was the 11th medical school in Indian subcontinent, K, the 11th letter of alphabet, is used.[7]

Undergraduate course

A countrywide combined medical admission test for MBBS course is held every year under the supervision of DGHS. Students after passing Higher Secondary School Certificate or equivalent examinations with the required grades can apply for the test. In 2019, 216 general seats and 4 seats for freedom fighter quota were allocated for MBBS course in Dhaka medical college.[13][14] The topper candidates, according to their preferences, get the opportunity to study at Dhaka Medical College. Foreign candidates from both SAARC and non-SAARC countries are selected by DGHS and MOHFW as per required qualifications.

College runs 5-year MBBS course according to the curriculum developed by BMDC. A student studies Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Forensic Medicine, Community Medicine, Medicine & allied subjects, Surgery & allied subjects and Gynecology & Obstetrics during the course period.The course is divided into 4 phases. Four professional examinations, one at the end of each phase, are held under University of Dhaka. After passing the fourth or final professional examination, a student is awarded with MBBS degree. Course curriculum follows percentage system grading. Pass mark for the college's internal as well as professional examinations is 60 percent. Student shall have to pass written (MCQ + SAQ + formative), oral, practical and clinical examinations separately.[15] Students scoring 85 percent or above in a subject are awarded with honors.

Postgraduate courses

College offers MD, MS, Diploma, M. phil in 43 different subjects in affiliation with University of Dhaka and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University(BSMMU).

College also runs three fellowship courses of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons (BCPS) in different disciplines.

Principals
Major William John Virgin, First principal of DMC
Sl
 Name Duration in office
From To
1.Major William John Virgin01.07.1946 14.08.1947
2.Lt. Col. Edward George Montgomery[16]15.08.1947 19.07.1948
3.Prof. T. Ahmed19.07.1948 01.01.1952
4.Colonel M. K. Afridi01.01.1952 20.03.1953
5.Prof. Nawab Ali21.03.1953 10.04.1954
6.Prof. A. K. M. A. Wahed11.04.1954 20.01.1955
7.Prof. Nawab Ali21.01.1955 01.02.1957
8. Prof. Md. Refat Ullah 01.02.1957 01.09.1958
9. Prof. Habib Uddin Ahmed 02.09.1958 04.06.1959
10. Dr. Lt. Col. M. M. Haque 04.06.1959 11.09.1963
11. Prof. A. K. S. Ahmed 11.09.1963 28.12.1963
12. Dr. G. Kibria 28.12.1963 08.02.1964
13. Dr. Lt. Col. Borhanuddin 09.02.1964 27.01.1969
14. Prof. K. A. Khaleque 27.01.1969 30.12.1970
15. Dr. Saifullah 01.01.1971 20.05.1971
16. Prof. M. R. Chowdhury 25.05.1971 02.07.1974
17. Prof. M. A. Jalil 03.07.1974 06.05.1976
18. Prof. M. A. Kashem 07.05.1976 01.10.1978
19. Prof. Md. Shahidullah 02.10.1978 25.11.1980
20. Prof. Mazharul Imam 25.11.1980 01.10.1981
21. Prof. M. A. Mazed 01.10.1981 02.07.1982
22. Prof. M. I. Chowdhury 02.07.1982 31.01.1985
23. Prof. Mirza Mazharul Islam 31.01.1985 13.12.1986
24. Prof. Waliullah 13.12.1986 30.01.1990
25. Prof. M. Kabiruddin Ahmed 31.01.1990 30.03.1991
26. Prof. Zwahurul Moula Chaudhury 30.03.1991 14.01.1995
27. Prof. Md. Shofiullah 14.01.1995 22.01.1995
28. Prof. M. A. Hadi 22.01.1995 18.07.1996
29. Prof. A. B. M. Ahsan Ullah 18.07.1996 19.09.1999
30. Prof. A. K. Md. Shahidul Islam 19.09.1999 29.08.2001
31. Prof. Md. Abdul Kadir Khan 29.08.2001 15.11.2001
32. Prof. Tofayel Ahmed 15.11.2001 07.08.2003
33. Prof. Md. Fazlul Haque 07.08.2003 29.09.2003
34. Prof. Hosne Ara Tahmin (Charu) 29.09.2003 26.06.2006
35. Prof. Syed Mahbubul Alam 26.06.2006 01.03.2007
36. Prof. M. Abul Faiz 01.03.2007 07.01.2008
37.Prof. Quazi Deen Mohammad17.01.2008 09.01.2014
38.Prof. Md. Ismail Khan 09.01.2014 13.05.2017
39. Prof. Md. Shafiqul Alam Chowdhury (Acting) 13.05.2017 13.06.2017
40.Prof. Khan Abul Kalam Azad 13.06.2017


Hospital wing
Dhaka Medical College Hospital Main Entrance

Facilities & Services

Dhaka Medical College has a 2600-bed[17] teaching hospital as Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) within the same compund. It is a tertiary referral hospital. It has a 300-bed facility dedicated for burn & plastic surgery. It was the largest burn unit of the country until Sheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery was set. In 2015, Hospital's Out-Patient Department provided services to 799,896 patients.[17] More 346,580 patients attended at the emergency and 149,122 patients got admitted in different facilities of the hospital in 2015.[17] The surgical staffs performed 58,355 surgeries in 2015.[17] Expansion plan to turn the hospital into a 5000-bed facility has been contemplated.[18]

Emblem used by Dhaka Medical College Hospital

Country's first bone marrow transplant center was set in this hospital in October 2013 in collaboration with Massachusetts General Hospital.[19][20][21] This unit conducted first ever successful autologous bone marrow transplant in the country in March 2014.[22][23][24][25][26] The unit also introduced allogeneic bone marrow transplant on July 3, 2019, the first in the country.[27]

Management

Director of the hospital is the administrative chief of the hospital service. Deputy director, assistant directors and other officials give him assistance in this regard. Faculties from different departments of the college act as clinical and administrative superiors of the respective department. They actively supervise the clinical services as well as clinical training of the trainee doctors.

Clinical Teaching

It is the largest teaching hospital in the country. Bedside teaching and clinical examinations of the undergraduate as well as postgraduate students take place at the hospital wing.

Dhaka Medical College Hospital is a recognized clinical examination centre for fellowship examination of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons.

Departments

Pre-clinical
  • Department of Anatomy
  • Department of Physiology
  • Department of Biochemistry
  • Department of Pathology
  • Department of Microbiology
  • Department of Virology
  • Department of Pharmacology
  • Department of Community Medicine
  • Department of Forensic Medicine

Clinical
  • Department of Medicine
  • Department of Surgery
  • Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • Department of Cardiology
  • Department of Neurology
  • Department of Hematology
  • Department of Bone marrow transplant
  • Department of Nephrology
  • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
  • Department of Endocrinology
  • Department of Respiratory Medicine
  • Department of Gastroenterology
  • Department of Hepatology
  • Department of Psychiatry
  • Department of Dermatology
  • Department of Transfusion Medicine
  • Department of Pediatrics
  • Department of Neonatology
  • Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology
  • Department of Pediatric Nephrology
  • Department of Paediatric Surgery
  • Department of Neonatal Surgery
  • Department of Pediatric Orthosurgery
  • Department of Thoracic Surgery
  • Department of Cardiac Surgery
  • Department of Urology
  • Department of Orthopedics and traumatology
  • Department of Spine surgery
  • Department of Sports Medicine and Orthoscopy
  • Department of Ortho-plastic Surgery
  • Department of Casualty
  • Department of Neurosurgery
  • Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery
  • Department of Radiology and Imagimg
  • Department of Neuroradiology
  • Department of Interventional and Cardiovascular Radiology
  • Department of Pediatric Radiology
  • Department of Radiotherapy
  • Department of Ophthalmology
  • Department of ENT & HNS
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • Department of Nuclear Medicine
  • Department of Oral and Maxilo-facial Surgery

Student life

Students' accommodation
Entrance of Shaheed Dr. Fazle Rabbee Hall at Bakshibazar, Lalbagh, Dhaka

In the past, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, the then vice chancellor of University of Dhaka, arranged accommodation for the medical college students. Muslim students were accommodated in Salimullah Muslim Hall, hindus were accommodated in the then Dhaka hall(now Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah Hall). Baptist mission hostel at Sadarghat accommodated the christian students. Nursing Hostel was allocated for the female students. Later, 20 medical barracks were built and students were accommodated there. As of 2019, there are four hostels for accommodation of the students as well as interns.

  • Shaheed Dr. Fazle Rabbee Hall(estd. in 1955) - For male students (named after martyred intellectual Dr. Mohammed Fazle Rabbee)
  • Dr. Alim Chowdhury Hall - For female students (named after martyred intellectual Dr. AFM Alim Chowdhury)
  • Shaheed Dr. Shamsul Alam Khan Milon Intern Doctors' hostel (Male) (named after the martyred activist of anti-autocracy movement in 1990, Shamsul Alam Khan Milon)
  • Shaheed Dr. Shamsul Alam Khan Milon Intern Doctors' Hostel (Female)

Dr. Fazle Rabbee Hall and Dr. Milon Intern Doctors' hostel (for male) share the same compound at Bakshibazar, Lalbagh, Dhaka. Dr. Alim Chowdhury hall and Dr. Milon Intern doctors' hostel (for female) share the same compound inside the territory of the college.

Sports facility

DMC has a large sports ground inside Fazle rabbee hall. It is used for football, cricket, and other athletics. Fazle Rabbee Hall also houses a basketball ground and a tennis ground. Besides, College building and hostels have students' common rooms with indoor game facility.

Cultural activities

College has a large auditorium with 1200 sitting capacity. DMC day is celebrated each year on 10 July, the foundation day of the college.[6]

Role in national politics

The Dhaka Medical College has been involved in all the national movements of Bangladesh.

Bengali Language Movement

The college dormitories that were known as barracks were at the heart of the Bengali Language Movement from 1948 to 1952. The barracks were formerly situated at the current location of the Shaheed Minar.

There were about 20 tin shed barracks where the medical students resided. Because they were close to the Parliament of East Pakistan (presently Jagannath Hall of Dhaka University), the medical dormitories were chosen as the center of the student movement.

In the early hours of 21 February 1952, all the students of Dhaka Medical College gathered in front of the medical college dormitories. In the afternoon the group headed for the parliament which was in session. No procession was allowed due to the imposition of Section 144 (a section of the penal code that prohibited unlawful assembly). The students decided to defy Section 144 at 4:00 PM at the historic Aam-tola (which was situated beside the present day Emergency gate).

The police fired at the procession, resulting in the deaths of Salam, Barkat, Rafique, Jabbar and Shafiur.

After sunset on 21 February, at the site of the deaths, the students of Dhaka Medical College decided to build a monument. Badrul Alam and Sayed Haider the then students of Dhaka Medical College planned and designed the structure. They worked continuously on 22 and 23 February and finished the construction, using bricks, gravel and cement reserved for the hospital. A paper with Shaheed Smritistambha( Monument in memory of the martyrs) written on it was attached on the monument. It was inaugurated by the father of Shofiur Rahman, a martyr of language movement. However, the monument was demolished by government forces on 26 February 1952.[28][29][30][31]

Liberation War, 1971

Many staff and students took part in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, as fighters or in treating the injured.[32] DMC's doctors, teachers and students laid their lives in the war. Many eminent physicians and academics were abducted from home and killed during the war.

Student associations, clubs and extracurricular activities
  • Dhaka Medical College Students' Union (DMCSU)
  • Computer Club of DMC
  • DMC Debating Club (DMCDC)[33][34][35][36][37]
  • Ex-Cadets' Association of DMC
  • Medicine Club, DMC Unit
  • Rotaract club
  • Sandhani, DMC branch (blood, organ donating charitable organization)[38]

Notable alumni
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See also

References
  1. "DMCH director changed". New Age | The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  2. "WHO | University of Dhaka". WHO. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  3. "The bone marrow transplant: first time in Bangladesh". The Independent. 23 November 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  4. "Bangladesh begins bone-marrow transplant". m.bdnews24.com. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  5. "Dhaka Medical College and Hospital - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  6. "DMC foundation day celebration on July 10". The Daily Star. 7 July 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  7. Monilal Aich Litu, Abdul Hanif Tablu. "Sixty Three years of Dhaka Medical College"|Star Campus| Volume 2 Issue 128| July 19 , 2009|". archive.thedailystar.net. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  8. "PM inaugurates second phase of DMCH". Dhaka Tribune. 3 October 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  9. Zaman, Habibuz (1999). "Dhaka Medical College: The early years". Seventy Years in a Shaky Subcontinent. London, England: Janus Publishing Company. p. 136. ISBN 1 85756 405 7.
  10. "Bengal House passes law legalising 'Kolkata' | Kolkata News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  11. "Why Is Calcutta Now Kolkata? What Other Names In India Are Changing?". NPR.org. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  12. "When Kolkata began as Calcutta: The history of the first capital of British India". India Today. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  13. "Medical Admission Test Circular 2019-20। dghs.teletalk.com.bd". Admissionwar.com. 27 August 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  14. "মেডিকেল কলেজসমূহে এমবিবিএস কোর্সে প্রথম বর্ষে ভর্তি বিজ্ঞপ্তি ২০১৯-২০ দেখুন এখানে". লেখাপড়া বিডি. 18 September 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  15. MBBS Curriculum Update 2012. "BM&DC". Bangladesh Medical & Dental Council. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  16. "Obituary Notices". Br Med J (pdf). 1 (5593): 711–713. 16 March 1968. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5593.711. ISSN 0007-1447.
  17. "Local Health Bulletin- 2020". app.dghs.gov.bd. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  18. "DMCH will be turned into a 5,000-bed hospital". The Daily Star. 17 January 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  19. "Country's first Bone Marrow Transplant unit opens at DMCH". Dhaka Tribune. 20 October 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  20. "DMCH bone marrow transplant to start". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  21. "দেশেই এবার অস্থিমজ্জা প্রতিস্থাপন". প্রথম আলো (in Bengali). Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  22. "Bone-marrow transplant in Bangladesh". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  23. "দেশে প্রথম বোনম্যারো প্রতিস্থাপন ঢামেকে". সমকাল. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  24. "প্রথমবারের মতো অস্থিমজ্জা প্রতিস্থাপন বাংলাদেশে". প্রথম আলো (in Bengali). Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  25. "বাংলাদেশে প্রথমবারের মতো অস্থিমজ্জা প্রতিস্থাপন". প্রথম আলো (in Bengali). Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  26. "First ever bone marrow transplant carried out in the country". Dhaka Tribune. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  27. "Country's first successful allogeneic bone marrow transplant at DMC". The Business Standard. 21 July 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  28. "IT'S TRUE!". The Daily Star. 21 February 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  29. "Shaheed Minar - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  30. "The first Shahid Minar". The Daily Star. 21 February 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  31. Express, The Financial. "Turbulent history of Shaheed Minar". The Financial Express. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  32. Litu, Monilal Aich; Tablu, Abdul Hanif (19 July 2009). "Sixty Three Years of Dhaka Medical College". Star Campus. The Daily Star. 2 (128). Retrieved 6 August 2015.
  33. "DMC wins SK+F debate contest in Ctg". The Daily Star. 30 March 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  34. "AIUB Sets Precedence in Global Health Education in Bangladesh". American International University-Bangladesh. 15 June 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  35. রেমিয়েন ভাষা কুইজে চ্যাম্পিয়ন ঢাকা মেডিকেল কলেজ [Dhaka Medical College champion in Remian language quiz]. Platform-med.org (in Bengali). 23 September 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  36. আন্তঃবিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ফ্রেঞ্চ কালচারাল কুইজে চ্যাম্পিয়ন ঢাকা মেডিকেল কলেজ [Dhaka Medical College in the Inter-University French Cultural Quiz]. Platform-med.org (in Bengali). 16 March 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  37. নটর ডেম বিজ্ঞান উৎসবের আন্তঃবিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কুইজে চ্যাম্পিয়ন ঢাকা মেডিকেল কলেজ [Dhaka Medical College is the Champion of the Interdisciplinary Quiz of Notre Dame Science Festival]. Platform-med.org (in Bengali). 13 September 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  38. "Sandhani". Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  39. "Hands that brought life and hope". The Daily Star. 26 March 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  40. "Hands that brought life and hope". The Daily Star. 26 March 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  41. Ahmed, Hana Shams (23 June 2006). "A Life-saving Innovator". Star Weekend Magazine. The Daily Star. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  42. "Islam, Mohammed Shamsul (1937 - 2005)". Royal College of Surgeons. 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  43. "Arslan made president, Aziz secy general". Banglanews24.com. 18 November 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
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