De Zeven Provinciën-class frigate

*De Zeven Provinciën*-class frigates
	HNLMS Tromp (F803)
Class overview
Name:	De Zeven Provinciën class
Builders:	Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding
Operators:	Royal Netherlands Navy
Preceded by:	Tromp class; Jacob van Heemskerck-class;
Cost:	€600 million ($816 million) per unit
In commission:	26 April 2002 – present
Completed:	4
Active:	4
General characteristics
Type:	Air-defense and command frigate
Displacement:	6,050 tonnes (full load)
Length:	144.24 m (473.2 ft)
Beam:	18.80 m (61.7 ft)
Draught:	5.18 m (17.0 ft)
Installed power:	4 × Wärtsilä-Deutz D620 V12 diesel-generators, 1,680 kW (2,250 hp) each
Propulsion:	Combined diesel and gas; 2 × Wärtsilä 16 V26 marine diesel engines, 5.1 MW (6,800 hp) each; 2 × Rolls Royce Spey SM 1C gas turbines, 19.5 MW (26,100 hp) each; 2 × propeller shafts, 5-bladed controllable pitch propellers;
Speed:	30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Range:	4,000 nmi (7,400 km; 4,600 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
Complement:	30 officers, 202 ratings
Sensors and ; processing systems:	Thales Nederland SMART-L long-range air and surface surveillance radar; Thales Nederland APAR air and surface search, tracking and guidance radar (I band); DECCA NAV navigation radar; Thales Nederland Scout (Low Probability of Intercept)surface search/navigation radar; Thales Nederland Sirius IRST long-range infrared surveillance and tracking system; Thales Nederland Mirador optical surveillance and tracking system; Atlas Elektronik DSQS-24C hull-mounted sonar; MK XII IFF system;
Electronic warfare ; & decoys:	2 × Thomson Racal (now Thales) Sabre ECM suite; 4 × Sippican Hycor SRBOC MK36 launcher; 1 × AN/SLQ-25 Nixie torpedo decoy;
Armament:	Guns:; 1 × Oto Melara 127 mm/54 dual-purpose gun; 2-4 × Browning M2 12.7mm machine guns; 4-6 × FN MAG 7.62mm machine guns; 1-2 × Goalkeeper CIWS; Missiles:; 40-cell Mk.41 vertical launch system; 32 × SM-2 IIIA surface-to-air missiles; 32 × Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile (quadpacked); 8 × Harpoon anti-ship missiles; 2 × twin MK32 Mod 9 torpedo launchers with Raytheon MK46 Mod 5 torpedoes;
Aircraft carried:	1 × NH-90 helicopter
Aviation facilities:	Hangar and flight deck for 1 medium sized helicopter

De Zeven Provinciën-class frigates are highly advanced air-defence and command frigates in service with the Royal Navy of the Netherlands (Koninklijke Marine). This class of ships is also known as LCF (Luchtverdedigings- en commandofregat, air defense and command frigate). The ships are similar to the German Sachsen-class frigates in role and mission.

Antiaircraft warfare

These ships were optimized for antiaircraft warfare. For this role the ships are equipped with an advanced sensor and weapons suite. The primary sensors for this role are the long range surveillance radar SMART-L and the multifunction radar APAR. The SMART-L and APAR are highly complementary, in the sense that SMART-L is a D band radar providing very long range surveillance while APAR is an I band radar providing precise target tracking, a highly capable horizon search capability, and missile guidance using the Interrupted Continuous Wave Illumination (ICWI) technique, thus allowing guidance of 32 semi-active radar homing missiles in flight simultaneously, including 16 in the terminal guidance phase.[1] The primary antiaircraft weapons are the point defence Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile and the area defence RIM-66 Standard Missile (SM-2) Block IIIA. The Mk 41 Vertical Launch System is used to house and launch these missiles. 32 Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile and 32 Standard Missile SM-2 Block IIIA are carried.

Ballistic missile defence

The Navy is investigating the use of these ships for the role of Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD). During tests carried out by HNLMS Tromp in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii, experimental modifications to the SMART-L to allow even longer range were proven. A study by the Koninklijke Marine, the Netherlands Defence Material Organization, Thales Nederland, Raytheon Missile Systems, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, and Lockheed Martin has been conducted to establish the feasibility of modifying the De Zeven Provinciën class to provide it the capability to intercept ballistic missiles. In particular, the study examined the feasibility of integrating the SM-3 Block IB missile with the SMART-L and APAR radars. The study concluded that – with certain modifications to the SMART-L and APAR, as well as to the ship's Combat Management System and the missile itself – BMD with the De Zeven Provinciën class could be achieved.[2] During a 2015 very large NATO exercise the BMD capabilities were proven, the sensor suite discovered ballistic targets, and the ship destroyed them using both its own SAM missiles, as well as using a U.S. Navy destroyer's missiles, by providing target data and missile guidance.

A contract was awarded for the radar modification in June 2012, operational tests & life firing show the performance to exceed expectations.[3]

Modernization

The De Zeven Provinciën-class ships will get the new SMART-L Mk2 radar that can detect ballistic missiles at a range of 2,000 km (1,200 mi). The Dutch minister promised also that the APAR radar will have a bigger range than 400 km (250 mi) as the Netherlands is the first country to participate as an active missile shield for NATO.

In late 2011, the Ministry of Defence announced a modernization program to upgrade the SMART-L early-warning radar so that De Zeven Provinciën-class frigates can detect and track ballistic missiles at extended range. In 2018 plans were announced to acquire the BMD-capable SM-3 surface-to-air missiles as the ships are provisioned for an extra 8-cell vertical launch module, De Zeven Provinciën-class frigates can pass on the tracking and detection data to other sea-based or land-defense BMD assets, including U.S. Navy's warships, that can deal with a ballistic missile threat. This modernization program is scheduled for completion by late 2017 for the entire De Zeven Provinciën class.[4]

On 3 May 2018 the Dutch Secretary of Defence, Barbara Visser, informed the Dutch national parliament that the evolved sea sparrow missile (ESSM) aboard the De Zeven Provinciën-class frigates will be upgraded from block 1 to block 2.[5] This upgrade will be completed by 2024 and will allow the frigates to deal with the growing threat of modern anti-ship missiles. ESSM Block 2 allows the four frigates to defend against missiles that have greater speed, agility and perform unexpected movements. The current Harpoon surface-to-surface missile (SSM) will also be replaced with a new SSM by 2024.[5] Furthermore, the 127mm-cannon will be replaced with a new similar cannon.[5] The current cannons are over 50 years old and originate from Canadian ships. The new cannon must be able to fire multiple types of ammunition, including in the future precision-guided ammunition. The project costs between € 100 million and € 250 million, and will be take place between 2018 and 2023. Lastly, the Goalkeepers will be upgraded to a new version and all ships will have two installed as originally designed, they will eventually be replaced after 2025 by a new system.[5]

Surface and subsurface warfare

As noted above, these ships were optimized for antiaircraft warfare, but they also have weapons on-board capable of attacking surface and submarine targets, for example: the RGM-84F Harpoon missile and Mk. 46 torpedoes. In a new defense Study published by the Dutch government in March 2018, it was stated the frigates will receive a new surface-to-surface missile to succeed the Harpoon Block 1D.

Proposals to equip some of the Zeven Provinciën-class frigates with a total of 32 BGM-109 Tomahawk (8 per ship) cruise missiles have existed, but these were shelved in May 2005.[6]

Live missile firings

In November 2003, some 200 nautical miles (370 km) from the Azores, the missile guidance capabilities were tested with live firings for the first time.[1] The firings involved the firing of a single ESSM and a single SM-2ER Block IIIA. These firings were the first ever live firings involving a full-size ship-borne active electronically scanned array (i.e., APAR) guiding missiles using the ICWI technique in an operational environment.[7] As related by Jane's Navy International:

During the tracking and missile-firing tests, target profiles were provided by Greek-built EADS/3Sigma Iris PVK medium-range subsonic target drones. [...] According to the RNLN, ... APAR immediately acquired the missile and maintained track until destruction". [...] These ground-breaking tests represented the world's first live verification of the ICWI technique.[1]

HNLMS De Zeven Provincien (F802) outward bound from Portsmouth Naval Base, UK, on 21 September 2009.

Further live firings were performed in March 2005, again in the Atlantic Ocean some 180 nautical miles (330 km) west of the Azores.[1] The tests involved three live-firing events including firing a single SM-2 Block IIIA at an Iris target drone at long range, a single ESSM at an Iris target drone, and a two-salvo launch (with one salvo comprising two SM-2 Block IIIAs and the other comprising two ESSMs) against two incoming Iris target drones.[1] The long-range SM-2 engagement apparently resulted in an intercept at a range of greater than 100 km (62 mi) from the ship, with a missile-target miss distance of 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) (the warhead's proximity fuse having been disabled for the purposes of the test).[1]

Counterpiracy operations

Ships of the De Zeven Provinciën class have been involved in counter-piracy operations off the Horn of Africa. The untraditional target set (i.e., small slow-moving or even static surface targets) can apparently be challenging for doppler radars designed to take on "high end" threats. However, according to Jane's International Defence Review:

[The RNLN has] reported great success using tailored surface-search software for the APAR sets fitted to the De Zeven Provinciën-class frigates deployed on antipiracy roles. By sacrificing some of APAR's high-end antiaircraft warfare capabilities, which were deemed unnecessary for the antipiracy role, its performance and resolution were improved in the surface-search role.[8]

Export

On November 30, 2017 Alion Canada submitted a proposal based on the De Zeven Provinciën class for the Canadian Single Class Surface Combatant Project. Damen Group, as builder of the De Zeven Provincien class frigates, was part of Alion's team in this proposal.[9]

List of ships

Pennant number	Name	Namesake	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Status
F802	De Zeven Provinciën	The seven provinces of the Dutch republic Flagship of admiral de Ruyter	1 September 1998	8 April 2000	26 April 2002	In service
F803	Tromp	Luitenant-Admiraal Maarten Tromp Luitenant-Admiraal-Generaal Sir Cornelis Tromp, Bt	3 September 1999	7 April 2001	14 March 2003	In service
F804	De Ruyter	Luitenant-Admiraal-Generaal Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter	1 September 2000	13 April 2002	22 April 2004	In service
F805	Evertsen	Luitenant-Admiraal Johan Evertsen Luitenant-Admiraal Cornelis Evertsen de Oude Schout-bij-nacht Cornelis Evertsen de Jonge Schout-bij-nacht Cornelis Evertsen de Jongste	3 September 2001	19 April 2003	10 June 2005	In service

All ships were built at the Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding shipyard in Vlissingen, Netherlands.

Similar ships

Álvaro de Bazán-class frigate, Spain
Sachsen-class frigate, Germany
FREMM multipurpose frigate, French/Italian collaboration
Fridtjof Nansen-class frigate, Norway
Iver Huitfeldt-class frigate, Denmark
Type 26, an equivalent British design

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