Cupar

Cupar (/ˈkuːpər/ listen ; Scottish Gaelic: Cùbar) is a town, former royal burgh and parish in Fife, Scotland. It lies between Dundee and Glenrothes. According to a 2011 population estimate, Cupar had a population around 9,000, making it the ninth largest settlement in Fife, and the civil parish a population of 11,183 (in 2011).[2] It is the historic county town of Fife, although the council now sits at Glenrothes.[3]

For the Canadian town, see Cupar, Saskatchewan. For other uses, see Cupar (disambiguation).

Cupar
  • Scottish Gaelic: Cùbar

Cupar seen from the summit of nearby Tarvit Hill
Cupar
Location within Fife
Population9,200 [1]
OS grid referenceNO374146
• Edinburgh26 miles (42 km) SSW
• London352 miles (566 km) SSE
Council area
Lieutenancy area
CountryScotland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townCUPAR
Postcode districtKY15
Dialling code01334
PoliceScotland
FireScottish
AmbulanceScottish
UK Parliament
Scottish Parliament

History

The town is believed to have grown around the site of Cupar Castle, which was the seat of the sheriff and was owned by the earls of Fife.[4] The area became a centre for judiciary as the county of Fife and as a market town catering for both cattle and sheep.[5]

Towards the latter stages of the 13th century, the burgh became the site of an assembly of the three estates - clergy, nobility and burgesses - organised by Alexander III in 1276 as a predecessor of the Parliament of Scotland.[5] Although written information of a charter for the modern town was lost, evidence suggested that this existed as one of the many properties owned by the Earls of Fife by 1294.[6]

During the middle of the 14th century, the burgh started to pay customs on taxable incomes, which probably meant that royal burgh status was granted sometime between 1294 and 1328.[6] The oldest document, referring to the royal burgh, was a grant by Robert II in 1381 to give a port at Guardbridge on the River Eden to help boost trade with Flanders. This grant was officially recognised by James II in 1428.[7]

Governance
The imposing Old Church, Cupar, Fife
County Buildings

Cupar is represented by several tiers of elected government. Cupar Community Council is the lowest. Its statutory role is to communicate local opinion to local and central government. Fife Council, the unitary local authority for Cupar based in Glenrothes, is the executive, deliberative and legislative body responsible for local governance. The Scottish Parliament is responsible for devolved matters such as education, health and justice while reserved matters are dealt with by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.[8] The Cupar area supports three multi-member wards with eleven councillors sitting on the committee of Fife Council.[9] County Buildings on Catherine Street are the main headquarters for the east region of Fife Council, which deals with administrative, planning and agricultural issues.[10]

Cupar forms part of the North East Fife, electing one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system. The constituency is represented by Wendy Chamberlain, MP of the Liberal Democrats. For the purposes of the Scottish Parliament, Cupar forms part of the North East Fife constituency. The North East Fife Scottish Parliament (or Holyrood) constituency created in 1999 is one of nine within the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region.[11] Each constituency elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) and the region elects seven additional members to produce a form of proportional representation. The constituency is represented by Willie Rennie for the Scottish Liberal Democrats.[12]

At EU level, Cupar is part of the pan-Scotland European Parliament constituency which elects seven Members of the European Parliament (MEP)s using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation. Currently, Scotland returns two SNP MEPs, two Labour MEPs, only one Conservative and Unionist MEP, and no Liberal Democrat MEPs, to the European Parliament.[13]

Demography
Cupar compared according to UK Census 2001[14][15][16][17]
Cupar Fife Scotland
Total population 8,506349,4295,062,011
Foreign born 1.60%1.18%1.10%
Over 75 years old 10.29%7.46%7.09%
Unemployed 3.10%3.97%4.0%

The 2001 census reported a population of 8,506, which increased slightly to around 8,980 in 2008.[18] The demographic make-up resembles the rest of Scotland. The 30–44 age group formed the largest portion of the population (22%). The median age of males and females was 39 and 43 years respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for the whole of Scotland.[1]

Reported places of birth were:[14]

  • 95.81% in the United Kingdom (including 81.64% from Scotland)
  • 0.51% in Ireland
  • 1.60% in other European Union countries
  • 2.09% in the rest of the world

The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 42.20% in full-time employment, 12.32% in part-time employment, 5.89% self-employed, 3.10% unemployed, 2.96% students with jobs, 3.94% students without jobs, 17.68% retired, 4.83% looking after home or family, 4.35% permanently sick or disabled, and 2.72% economically inactive for other reasons. Compared with Scotland's average demography, Cupar has a lower proportion of immigrants, but a higher proportion of over-75s.[16]

Landmarks
United Parish Church, Cupar
Watts of Cupar
The tower of the Duncan Institute, Cupar
Cupar War Memorial by Henry Snell Gamley
Typical 19th century houses in Cupar

Old Gaol was designed by James Gillespie Graham and built 1813–14. After closing as a prison in 1844, it was used by the militia. It was purchased by William Watt (seedsman) in 1895 and occupied by that firm until 1988. It operated as Watts of Cupar, a bar and restaurant[19], until it closed and was sold to developers at the end of 2019.[20]

The historic town centre is the junction of Bonnygate and the Crossgate. This is where the town's mercat cross, is located with the original shaft being supported by a unicorn. It dates from 1683. To the east is St Catherine Street, home to the burgh chambers and county buildings, both designed by Robert Hutchison.[7] The Category B[21] listed burgh chambers built around 1815 and 1818 contain a three-story bow street corner and a domic entrance.[7] The adjacent county buildings built between 1812 and 1817 are unique in Fife as the only example replicating the style of buildings in the New Town of Edinburgh.[7][22] The Category B-listed[23] corn exchange tower can be seen across the town skyline.[7]

At the east end of St Catherine Street is the Category B-listed[24] Cupar War Memorial in a classical Greek style overlooking the Cart Haugh, one of several designed by John Kinross with assistance from leading contemporary sculptors, for the exception of the Victory statue which was done by Henry Snell Gamley.[7] The memorial was first unveiled by Field Marshal Earl Haig in 1922 and then again for the addition of the World War II memorial in 1950 by the Earl of Elgin.[24] Nearby on Coal Road is a Category B-listed[25] classical style former prison building built between 1813 and 1814.[7]

Preston Lodge

On the Bonnygate, the Category A-listed[26] Preston Lodge built by the Laird of Airdrie is the town's second oldest building.[7][27] The house was built in 1623 and is inscribed on a stone on the west wall. The house was extended in 1702 by James Preston and was remodeled by London goldsmith William Preston, in 1765. Later, the Reverend Sir James Preston occupied the house between 1775 and 1791, when he was the minister of the Cupar Old Parish Church.[27] The original design of the building is believed to have been inspired by Culross Palace in Culross.[7] Situated at the corner of the Crossgate, the Category C[28] listed Duncan's Institute by John Milne, which was built 1870-71[29] as a mechanics' institute for the "working classes of Cupar" by Mrs Duncan. The building, a mixture of Gothic, Scottish and Flemish styles is recognised in the town for its twisted spire. On the Kirkgate is the Parish Church of Cupar Old and St Michael of Tarvit, designed by the architect, Hay Bell.[7] This consists of the Category A-listed[30] Parish Church tower dating from 1415 and the Category B-listed main church building from 1745.[7] The tower is the only surviving piece of the old Cupar parish church, founded by the priory of St Andrews.[7][31]

Hill of Tarvit

To the south of the town on the A914 and A916 is the Category A-listed[32] Hill of Tarvit mansion house and nearby scheduled monument[33] Scotstarvit Tower.[34] The Hill of Tarvit was formerly known as Wemyss Hall, designed by Sir Walter Bruce around 1692. When the house was sold in 1904, Robert Lorimer was commissioned to design a bigger house compared to the existing Wemyss Hall to be able to hold the owner's French architecture.[35] This was completed around 1907 and 1908, granting the present name Hill of Tarvit.[35][36] The house's interior showcased the owner's love of antique furniture ranging from Flemish tapestries; Louis V; Louis XI; English and Scottish have been considered to be Lormier's best work. The service accommodation showcases the range of rooms and equipment used by a family, prior to the First World War.[35] Situated between the Tarvit and Walton Hills, is Scotstarvit Tower, a well-preserved simple L-plan early 17th century tower house of five stories and an attic.[34] To the north of the town is Hawklaw, which operated as a Government Radio Receiving Station between 1942 and 1988.[37]

Economy

Fife Council is the largest employer in the area. Many people are employed in food and drink. The larger employers were Kettle Produce (fruit and vegetable producer) and Fishers Services Ltd. Other employers include Elmwood College (Fife education); Scotsfruit Ltd (food and drink); Quaker Oats Ltd (food and drink) and Fisher and Donaldson (food and drink). Some 72% people were employed in the town in 2007, with unemployment below the national average at 2.1%. The main shopping facilities are located there, including family-owned businesses and some chain stores. The Cupar and Howe of Fife local plan includes a proposal to upgrade shopping facilities to produce a secondary retail area in Fife.[38]

Leisure

Cupar has an unusual golf course on the side of a hill to the South of town at Hill of Tarvit.The Club was founded on 7 November 1855. Cupar Golf Club is rich with history and is probably the oldest nine-hole club in the world. The Kingarrock course at Hill Tarvit Mansion house uses hickory shafted clubs, in the original style.

Cupar Sports Centre has a 25-metre swimming pool, badminton courts, squash courts and a fitness suite.[39] The swimming pool is the base for Cupar and District Swimming Club. Cupar is home to Cupar Cricket Club, founded in 1884. The club is celebrating its 125th anniversary in the 2009 season.

The Castlehill Community Association is home to local groups including Cupar Camera Club, Cupar Art Club, Cupar & District Model Railway Club. They operate from the Old Castlehill Primary School and from 11 St Catherine Street.

Cupar also plays host to the biennial Cupar Arts Festival.

Education

Cupar is home to Kilmaron school, one secondary school and two primary schools.[40][41] Castlehill Primary School opened to pupils on the present site in 1975 and is located on the town's outskirts and has enrollment of 420.[42] Kilmaron School caters for disabled children.

Bell Baxter High School located on Carslogie Road, serves both the town and surrounding villages. The School roll was recorded in February 2009 and was estimated at 1620 pupils.[43] SRUC Elmwood (formerly Elmwood College) has three main campuses situated in the town and surrounding area. The college has been praised as a centre for excellence in golf-related studies and specialising in land-based education. Local businesses benefit from the work of the SRUC Rural Business Centre.[38]

Transport
Cupar Railway Station

An express bus service connects the town every hour between Edinburgh and St Andrews and also between Glasgow and St Andrews. Other services run less frequently from Stirling and various local villages through Cupar to St Andrews. An express service also runs via the town from Kirkcaldy to Dundee. A railway station can be found to the south-east of the town centre. The station is situated on the East Coast Main Line, served by Abellio ScotRail and CrossCountry with regular services running between Edinburgh Waverley and Aberdeen. Nearby stations are located to the north-east of the town at Leuchars and to the south of the town in neighbouring Springfield (limited service) and Ladybank. The nearest major international airport is Edinburgh airport with the nearest ferry sea port at Rosyth being 42 miles and 35 miles, respectively.[38]

Military

Yeomanry House, a drill hall completed in 1890,[44] is home to 'C Squadron' of the Scottish and North Irish Yeomanry. The SNIY provides a Light Cavalry capability and have travelled to Germany and the United States on training and on operations in Afghanistan, Iraq and Cyprus. They previously operated the FV107 Scimitar, FV105 Sultan and FV103 Spartan light armoured vehicles in the a reconnaissance role. They are paired with the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards based at Leuchars Station (formerly RAF Leuchars).

The Army Cadet Force and Air Training Corps 571 (Cupar) Squadron are also active in the town.

Notable people
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References

Notes
  1. "Mid-2008 Population Estimates – Localities in order of size". General Register Office for Scotland. 2008. Archived from the original on 2 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-08.
  2. Census of Scotland 2011, Table KS101SC – Usually Resident Population, publ. by National Records of Scotland. Web site http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ retrieved March 2016. See "Standard Outputs", Table KS101SC, Area type: Civil Parish 1930
  3. Complete Atlas of the British Isles. Readers' Digest. 1965. p. 218.
  4. Martin 2006, p. 9.
  5. Lamont-Brown 2002, p. 49.
  6. Martin 2006, pp. 9-10.
  7. Pride 1999, pp. 106-111.
  8. "Reserved and devolved matters". Scotland Office. Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
  9. "Cupar's councillors". Fife Council. Retrieved 11 January 2008.
  10. "County Buildings, headquarters of the East Region". Fife Council. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2008.
  11. "Regional MSPs for Mid Scotland and Fife". Scottish Parliament. Archived from the original on 24 October 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
  12. "MSP for North East Fife". Scottish Parliament. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  13. "UK MEPs - Scotland". European Parliament. Archived from the original on 7 October 2006. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
  14. "Comparative Population: Cupar Locality Scotland". scrol.co.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
  15. "Comparative Population Profile: Fife Council Area Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
  16. "Comparative Employment Profile: Cupar Locality Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
  17. "Comparative Employment Profile: Fife Locality Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Archived from the original on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
  18. "Mid-2008 Population Estimates" (PDF). National Records of Scotland.
  19. "Bar and Bistro". Watts of Cupar. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  20. Peebles, Cheryl (18 November 2019). "Fife nightclub where love blossomed for generations of couples to close for good". DC Thomson Media. The Courier. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  21. Historic Environment Scotland. "County Buildings and former Court House...  (Category B) (LB24160)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  22. Omand 2000, p. 200.
  23. Historic Environment Scotland. "The Corn Exchange Tower Only  (Category B) (LB24165)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  24. Historic Environment Scotland. "Cart Haugh, Cupar War Memorial with Piers and Railings  (Category B) (LB46365)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  25. Historic Environment Scotland. "WM Watt, Seed Merchant Offices (former Prison) Station Road  (Category B) (LB24290)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  26. Historic Environment Scotland. "Preston Lodge, 95 Bonnygate  (Category A) (LB24242)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  27. Boyd 1989, p. 32.
  28. Historic Environment Scotland. "Duncan Institute 33,35 Crossgate  (Category C) (LB24180)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  29. http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=200043
  30. Historic Environment Scotland. "Cupar Old St Michael of Tarvit Parish Church...  (Category A) (LB24136)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  31. Omand 2000, p. 134.
  32. Historic Environment Scotland. "Hill of Tarvit House, Terraced Garden, Walled Garden  (Category A) (LB2628)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  33. Historic Environment Scotland. "Scotstarvit Tower (SM90274)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  34. Walker & Ritchie 1996, p. 106.
  35. Walker & Ritchie 1996, p. 89.
  36. Pride 1999, p. 92.
  37. "How Cheltenham entered America's backyard". New Scientist. 5 April 1984. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  38. "Cupar and Howe of Fife Economic Profile" (PDF). Fife Council. Spring 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
  39. "Cupar Sports Centre". Fife Council Community Services. 2001. Archived from the original on 7 May 2002. Retrieved 26 February 2009.
  40. "A list of all primary schools in Fife". Fife Council. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
  41. "A list of all secondary schools in Fife". Fife Council. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
  42. "Castlehill Primary School". Fife Council. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
  43. "Bell Baxter High School 2009 Inspection". HMIE. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  44. "Yeomanry House". Canmore. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

Bibliography
  • Boyd, Margaret (1989). Cupar: In Old Picture Postcards. 2. ISBN 9028848657.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Omand, Donald (2000). The Fife Book. Birlinn Publishing.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Pride, Glen L. (1999). Kingdom of Fife (2nd ed.). The Rutland Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Lamont-Brown, Raymond (2002). Fife in History and Legend. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-567-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Martin, Paula (2006). Cupar: The History of a small Scottish town. Edinburgh: Birlinn Publishing.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Walker, Bruce; Ritchie, Graham (1996). Fife, Perthshire and Angus. ISBN 0114952868.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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