Coral Harbour

Coral Harbour (Inuktitut: Salliq/Salliit, Syllabics: ᓴᓪᓕᖅ/ᓴᓪᓖᑦ),[6][7][8][9] is a small Inuit community that is located on Southampton Island, Kivalliq Region, in the Canadian territory of Nunavut. Its name is derived from the fossilized coral that can be found around the waters of the community which is situated at the head of South Bay. The name of the settlement in Inuktitut is Salliq, sometimes used to refer to all of Southampton Island.[10] The plural Salliit, means large flat island(s) in front of the mainland.[6][11]

Coral Harbour

ᓴᓪᓕᖅ/ᓴᓪᓖᑦ
Salliq/Salliit
Hamlet
Coral Harbour
Coral Harbour
Coral Harbour
Coordinates: 64°08′13″N 083°09′51″W
CountryCanada
TerritoryNunavut
RegionKivalliq
Electoral districtAivilik
Government
 • MayorWillie Nakoolak[3]
 • MLASteve Mapsalak
Area
 • Land137.91 km2 (53.25 sq mi)
Elevation64 m (210 ft)
Population
 (2016)[4]
 • Total891
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (EST)
Canadian Postal code
X0C 0C0
Area code(s)867
Websitewww.coralharbour.ca

History

The Sadlermiut ("inhabitants of Salliq") whose name is derived from Salliq[12] previously occupied the area. The Sadlermiut are thought to be the last vestige of the Tuniit. The Tuniit, a pre-Inuit culture, officially went ethnically and culturally extinct in 1902-03[13] when a Western illness killed all of the Sallirmiut in a matter of weeks. However, others believe that the Sadlermiut were in fact descendants of the Thule, whose geographically isolated culture would have developed idiosyncratically from the mainland Thule culture. A third theory indicates that the Sadlermiut did not necessarily belong to either group, but because of intermarriage, their roots may have in fact been part of both Dorset and Thule cultures.[13][14]

At the beginning of the 20th century, the area was repopulated by Aivilingmiut, whose name was to be later adapted for the Aivilik electoral district, from the Repulse Bay and Chesterfield Inlet areas, influenced to do so by whaler Captain George Comer and others. Baffin Islanders arrived 25 years later. John Ell, who as a young child travelled with his mother Shoofly on Comer's schooners, eventually became the most famous of Southampton Island's re-settled population.[15]

Demographics

At the 2016 census the population was 891, an increase of 6.8% from the 2011 census.[4] Coral Harbour is the only Nunavut community that does not observe daylight saving time, remaining on Eastern Standard Time year-round.[16][17]

Transportation

The only way to reach this community is by aircraft at Coral Harbour Airport or by water (such as the resupply barges, which do not carry passengers, that come from Churchill, Manitoba and the East coast and St. Lawrence area, every summer) and the main transportation on the island itself (nearly the same size as Switzerland) is by snowmobile and dog sled in the winter and all-terrain vehicle in the summer. Despite the harsh climate there is plentiful wildlife around the island. Among some of the species found there are walruses, polar bears, barren-ground caribou, ringed seals, gyrfalcons, and (rarely) peregrine falcons.

Broadband communications

The community has been served by the Qiniq network since 2005. Qiniq is a fixed wireless service to homes and businesses, connecting to the outside world via a satellite backbone. The Qiniq network is designed and operated by SSI Micro. In 2017, the network was upgraded to 4G LTE technology, and 2G-GSM for mobile voice.

Notable residents
The Hamlet Office in Coral Harbour

Climate

Coral Harbour has a severe subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc), for which it just qualifies due to its 10 °C (50 °F) July means. It is a borderline polar climate, which results in barren vegetation. Coral Harbour has never gone above freezing in January, February and March (although the latter has recorded 0.0 °C (32.0 °F). Due to the frozen nature of Hudson Bay, there is a severe seasonal lag until June in spite of lots of sunshine and perpetual twilight during nights. Due to the drop of solar strength and the absence of warm water even in summer, temperatures still drop off very fast as September approaches, with only July and August having ever recorded temperatures above 24 °C (75 °F). Cold extremes are severe, but in line with many areas even farther south in Canada's interior. Unlike those areas, Coral Harbour remains beneath −25 °C (−13 °F) in terms of average high in the midst of winter.

Climate data for Coral Harbour Airport
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high humidex −0.6 −1.9 −0.5 4.4 8.9 22.8 32.8 30.1 19.9 7.6 3.7 3.2 32.8
Record high °C (°F) −0.6
(30.9)		 −1.1
(30.0)		 0.0
(32.0)		 5.0
(41.0)		 9.4
(48.9)		 23.3
(73.9)		 28.0
(82.4)		 26.1
(79.0)		 18.5
(65.3)		 7.6
(45.7)		 4.0
(39.2)		 3.4
(38.1)		 28.0
(82.4)
Average high °C (°F) −25.5
(−13.9)		 −25.5
(−13.9)		 −20.4
(−4.7)		 −10.9
(12.4)		 −2.9
(26.8)		 6.4
(43.5)		 14.7
(58.5)		 11.7
(53.1)		 4.6
(40.3)		 −3.0
(26.6)		 −11.9
(10.6)		 −20.1
(−4.2)		 −6.9
(19.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −29.6
(−21.3)		 −29.7
(−21.5)		 −25.2
(−13.4)		 −16.1
(3.0)		 −6.7
(19.9)		 3.1
(37.6)		 10.0
(50.0)		 7.7
(45.9)		 1.7
(35.1)		 −6.1
(21.0)		 −16.1
(3.0)		 −24.4
(−11.9)		 −11.0
(12.2)
Average low °C (°F) −33.7
(−28.7)		 −33.9
(−29.0)		 −29.9
(−21.8)		 −21.1
(−6.0)		 −10.5
(13.1)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 5.3
(41.5)		 3.6
(38.5)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 −9.1
(15.6)		 −20.3
(−4.5)		 −28.6
(−19.5)		 −15.0
(5.0)
Record low °C (°F) −52.8
(−63.0)		 −51.4
(−60.5)		 −49.4
(−56.9)		 −39.4
(−38.9)		 −31.1
(−24.0)		 −15.6
(3.9)		 −1.1
(30.0)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 −17.2
(1.0)		 −34.4
(−29.9)		 −40.6
(−41.1)		 −48.9
(−56.0)		 −52.8
(−63.0)
Record low wind chill −69.5 −69.3 −64.3 −55.1 −39.7 −23.2 −8.2 −11.8 −23.7 −43.7 −54.8 −64.2 −69.5
Average precipitation mm (inches) 9.5
(0.37)		 7.0
(0.28)		 11.2
(0.44)		 18.2
(0.72)		 19.0
(0.75)		 27.6
(1.09)		 34.1
(1.34)		 59.4
(2.34)		 45.4
(1.79)		 33.8
(1.33)		 22.9
(0.90)		 14.8
(0.58)		 302.9
(11.93)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.4
(0.02)		 4.3
(0.17)		 20.8
(0.82)		 34.1
(1.34)		 58.9
(2.32)		 36.7
(1.44)		 7.2
(0.28)		 0.5
(0.02)		 0.0
(0.0)		 163.0
(6.42)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 9.6
(3.8)		 7.1
(2.8)		 11.3
(4.4)		 18.2
(7.2)		 14.9
(5.9)		 6.9
(2.7)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.6
(0.2)		 8.6
(3.4)		 26.7
(10.5)		 22.9
(9.0)		 14.8
(5.8)		 141.6
(55.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 8.5 6.7 9.0 9.5 10.4 9.6 9.6 12.6 11.2 14.6 13.0 10.4 125.1
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.8 7.2 9.6 12.5 8.2 3.6 0.6 0.1 43.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 8.6 6.6 9.0 9.5 9.4 3.3 0.0 0.3 4.3 13.1 12.9 10.4 87.3
Average relative humidity (%) 64.9 64.2 67.5 73.8 80.3 73.9 63.1 68.9 75.6 84.8 77.6 69.7 72.0
Mean monthly sunshine hours 37.9 112.1 187.4 240.2 239.9 262.2 312.3 220.4 109.8 70.8 47.9 18.8 1,859.7
Percent possible sunshine 22.4 47.0 51.6 53.2 42.0 41.9 51.2 43.3 27.9 23.3 24.3 13.9 36.8
Source: Environment Canada Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010[20]

Throughout December 2010 and early January 2011, Nunavut, northern Quebec and western Greenland set many high temperature records. In Coral Harbour, a high of 3.3 °C (37.9 °F) in mid-December broke the old record of 1.7 °C (35.1 °F) set in 1963.[21] The daily minimum temperature on 6 January 2011, was about 30 °C (54 °F) warmer than normal.[22][23] The unusual warmth was due largely to an unseasonal area of high pressure over Greenland, and very negative values of the Arctic oscillation and North Atlantic oscillation. Mostly in the 21st century, the conditions have combined to produce an Arctic dipole anomaly that brings warm air to the Arctic regions and cold air to the continents.

Geological resources

The limestones around Coral Harbour (and nearby regions of Bad Cache Rapids) predominantly have a "Low Purity" value for industrial use.[24]

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See also

References
  1. Nunavummiut elect new municipal leaders
  2. Results for the constituency of Aivilik Archived 13 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine at Elections Nunavut
  3. Willie Nakoolak elected mayor of Coral Harbour
  4. "2016 Coral Harbour Census". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  5. Elevation at airport. Canada Flight Supplement. Effective 0901Z 16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.
  6. Nunavut Communities
  7. TRPS 2008 December Innuinaqtun Archived 2 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Nunavummi Nangminiqaqtunik Ikajuuti · Qiniqhiajun Nunaliktigun
  9. Nunavummi Nangminiqaqtunik Ikajuuti · ᕿᓂᕈᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᒃᑎᒍᑦ
  10. Mourir et renaître: la réception du christianisme par les Inuit de l'Arctique de l'Est canadien (1890-1940)
  11. Tusaalanga Archived 8 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  12. Petrone, Penny (1988). Northern Voices: Inuit Writing in English. University of Toronto Press. pp. 12–14. ISBN 0-8020-7717-X.
  13. Briggs, Jean L.; J. Garth Taylor. "The Canadian Encyclopedia: Sadlermiut Inuit". Historica Foundation of Canada. Archived from the original on 20 October 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2008.
  14. "Canadian Arctic historical archaeology in review". Revista de Arqueología Americana. 1 January 2004. Retrieved 21 March 2008.
  15. Rowley, Graham. Cold comfort : my love affair with the Arctic. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 38. ISBN 0-7735-1393-0. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  16. Canada Flight Supplement. Effective 0901Z 16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.
  17. The entirety of Southampton Island is on DST. The weather station at Eureka, Nunavut is also on DST but is not a recognized community.
  18. Arvaluk victorious in Nunavut byelection
  19. Nanulik
  20. "Coral Harbour A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Climate ID: 2301000. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  21. Colton, Jill (22 December 2010). "Jet stream causing abnormal weather pattern". The Weather Network news. Archived from the original on 22 December 2010. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
  22. Freedman, Andrew (7 February 2011). "The winter the Arctic shifted south". The Washington Post - Capital Weather Gang. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
  23. Henson, Bob. "Cold comfort: Canada's record-smashing mildness". NCAR & UCAR. Currents. Archived from the original on 24 January 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
  24. Industrial Limestone (carbonate) Resources, Southampton Island

Further reading
  • Bower, Margaret E. Aeromagnetic Surveys Across Hudson Bay from Churchill to Coral Harbour and Churchill to Great Whale River. Dept. of Mines and Technical Surveys, Canada, 1960.
  • Feheley Fine Arts (Toronto). Contemporary Coral Harbour. Toronto, Ont: Feheley Fine Arts, 2002.
  • Aldene Meis Mason, Leo Paul Dana, and Robert Brent Anderson, "Entrepreneurship in Coral Harbour, Nunavut" International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 9 (2), June 2008, pp. 1–10.
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