Conogethes

Conogethes is a genus of moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. The currently 17 recognized species are distributed in the Indomalayan and Australasian realm.[1]

Conogethes
Conogethes punctiferalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Crambidae
Subfamily:	Spilomelinae
Tribe:	Margaroniini
Genus:	Conogethes Meyrick, 1884[1]
Synonyms
Dadessa Moore, 1886

The genus contains several species that are considered pests on economically important food plants such as Ipomoea, Elettaria and Curcuma, on ornamental plants like Alpinia, and on Shorea, Dipterocarpus and several genera of the pine family, which are used as timber trees.[2]

Within Spilomelinae, Conogethes is placed in the species-rich tribus Margaroniini, where it was found to be closely related to the genera Azochis, Ghesquierellana and Megastes.[3] Imagines of Conogethes resemble in their wing pattern those of Marwitzia, the Polygrammodes eleuata species complex and Syllepte incomptalis, and to a lesser degree Dichocrocis, Notarcha and Trigonobela.[2]

The polyphagous Conogethes punctiferalis is a major pest species in India, Southeast Asia and Australia and has therefore been the focus of extensive research.[4][5][6][7][8][9] In several cases, populations of C. punctiferalis associated with different hosts were found, eventually resulting in the recognition of different species, such as C. parvipunctalis, C. pinicolalis and C. sahyadriensis.[10][11] DNA barcoding data indicates several additional undescribed species,[12][11] and a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus is required to unravel the validity and circumscription of these new species.[2]

DNA barcode data for altogether 25 operational taxonomic units or BINs (Barcode Index Numbers) of Conogethes are stored in the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD), although only sequences of 19 of these BINs (or putative species) are publicly accessible.[13]

Species

• Conogethes clioalis (Walker, 1859)
• Conogethes diminutiva Warren, 1896
• Conogethes ersealis (Walker, 1859)
• Conogethes evaxalis (Walker, 1859)
• Conogethes haemactalis Snellen, 1890
• Conogethes mimastis Meyrick, 1897
• Conogethes pandamalis (Walker, 1859)
• Conogethes parvipunctalis Inoue & Yamanaka, 2006[10]
• Conogethes pinicolalis Inoue & Yamanaka, 2006[10]
• Conogethes pluto (Butler, 1887)
• Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée, 1854)
• Conogethes sahyadriensis Shashank, Kammar, Mally & Chakravarthy, 2018[11]
• Conogethes semifascialis (Walker, 1866)
• Conogethes spirotricha Meyrick, 1934
• Conogethes tenuialalis Chaovalit & Yoshiyasu in Chaovalit, Yoshiyasu, Hirai & Pinkaew, 2019[14]
• Conogethes tharsalea (Meyrick, 1887)
• Conogethes umbrosa Meyrick, 1886

References

1. Nuss, Matthias; Landry, Bernard; Mally, Richard; Vegliante, Francesca; Tränkner, Andreas; Bauer, Franziska; Hayden, James; Segerer, Andreas; Schouten, Rob; Li, Houhun; Trofimova, Tatiana; Solis, M. Alma; De Prins, Jurate; Speidel, Wolfgang (2003–2019). "Global Information System on Pyraloidea (GlobIZ)". www.pyraloidea.org. Retrieved 2019-11-06.
2. Mally, Richard (2018). "Moths of the genus Conogethes: taxonomy, systematics, and similar species". In Chakravarthy, Akshay Kumar (ed.). The black spotted, yellow borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée and allied species. Singapore: Springer. pp. 1–12. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0390-6_1. ISBN 978-981-13-0389-0.
3. Mally, Richard; Hayden, James E.; Neinhuis, Christoph; Jordal, Bjarte H.; Nuss, Matthias (2019). "The phylogenetic systematics of Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) inferred from DNA and morphology" (PDF). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny. 77 (1): 141–204. doi:10.26049/ASP77-1-2019-07. ISSN 1863-7221.
4. Honda, Hiroshi; Mitsuhashi, Wataru (1989). "Morphological and morphometrical differences between the fruit- and Pinaceae-feeding type of yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)". Applied Entomology and Zoology. Tokyo. 24 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1303/aez.24.1.
5. Konno, Yasuhiko; Honda, Hiroshi; Matsumoto, Yoshiharu (1980). "Observations on the mating behavior and bioassay for the sex pheromone of the xellow peach moth, Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)". Applied Entomology and Zoology. Tokyo. 15 (3): 321–327. doi:10.1303/aez.15.321.
6. Li, Jing; Zhang, Ying; Wang, Zhen-Ying; He, Kang-Lai (2010). "Wolbachia infection in four geographic populations of yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis in China". Journal of Environmental Entomology. 32 (2): 322–328.
7. Nakano, Ryo; Takanashi, Takuma; Ihara, Fumio; Mishiro, Koji; Toyama, Masatoshi; Ishikawa, Yukio (2012). "Ultrasonic courtship song of the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)". Applied Entomology and Zoology. 47 (2): 87–93. doi:10.1007/s13355-012-0092-z.
8. Shashank, Pathour R. (2012). Biosystematics and pheromone components of Conogethes punctiferalis (Guénee) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) with special reference to populations infesting Castor (Ricinus communis L.) and Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) (PhD). UAS, GKVK, Bangalore–65.
9. Shashank, Pathour R.; Chakravarthy, Akshay Kumar; Chandrashekharaiah, R.; Bhanu, K. R. M. (2014). "Behavioural studies on shoot and fruit borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée, (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) host-associated populations reveal occurrence of cryptic species". Entomologia Generalis. 35 (2): 103–115. doi:10.1127/0171-8177/2014/0047.
10. Inoue, Hiroshi; Yamanaka, Hiroshi (2006). "Redescription of Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) and descriptions of two new closely allied species from Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental Regions (Pyralidae, Pyraustinae)". Tinea. Tokyo. 19 (2): 80–91.
11. Shashank, Pathour R.; Kammar, Vasudev; Mally, Richard; Chakravarthy, Akshay Kumar (2018). "A new Indian species of shoot and capsule borer of the genus Conogethes (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), feeding on cardamom". Zootaxa. 4374 (2): 215–234. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.3. PMID 29689797.
12. Armstrong, K. (2010). "DNA barcoding: a new module in New Zealand's plant security diagnostic toolbox". EPPO Bulletin. 40: 91–100. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.2009.02358.x.
13. Ratnasingham, Sujeevan; Hebert, Paul D. N. (2007). "TAXONOMY BROWSER: Conogethes". Barcode of Life Data System. 4. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
14. Chaovalit, Sunadda; Yoshiyasu, Yutaka; Hirai, Norio; Pinkaew, Nantasak (2019). "A taxonomic revision of the genus Conogethes (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) in Thailand". Lepidoptera Science. Tokyo. 70 (2): 65–88. doi:10.18984/lepid.70.2_65.

Further reading

• Chakravarthy, Akshay Kumar (2018). Chakravarthy, Akshay Kumar (ed.). The Black spotted, Yellow Borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée and Allied Species (1 ed.). Springer Singapore. pp. i–xix, 1–347. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0390-6. ISBN 978-981-13-0389-0.