Closterovirus

Closterovirus, also known as beet yellows viral group, is a genus of viruses, in the family Closteroviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently 16 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.[1][2] This genus has a probably worldwide distribution and includes among other viral species the Beet yellows virus (the type species) and Citrus tristeza virus, rather economically important plant diseases. At least some species require vectors such as aphids or mealybugs for their transmission from plant to plant.[3]

Closterovirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Kitrinoviricota
Class: Alsuviricetes
Order: Martellivirales
Family: Closteroviridae
Genus: Closterovirus
Type species
Beet yellows virus
3'-terminal pseudoknot in BYV
Predicted secondary structure of the 3'-terminal pseudoknot in BYV
Identifiers
RfamRF01100
Other data
RNA typeCis-reg
Domain(s)Closterovirus
PDB structuresPDBe

RNA pseudoknot

The viral RNA molecules of some members of this genus contain four hair-pin structures and a pseudoknot in the 3'UTR.[4] These secondary structures have been found to be important in viral RNA replication.[5]

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical.[1]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
ClosterovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: insects

Structure

Viruses in Closterovirus are non-enveloped, with flexuous and Filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 10-13 nm, with a length of 1250-2200 nm. Genomes are linear, around 19.3kb in length.[1]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
ClosterovirusFilamentousNon-envelopedLinearMonopartite

Taxonomy

Group: ssRNA(+)

[2]

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References
  1. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  3. "ICTVdB Virus Description - 00.017.0.01. Closterovirus".
  4. Livieratos IC, Eliasco E, Müller G, et al. (July 2004). "Analysis of the RNA of Potato yellow vein virus: evidence for a tripartite genome and conserved 3'-terminal structures among members of the genus Crinivirus". J. Gen. Virol. 85 (Pt 7): 2065–75. doi:10.1099/vir.0.79910-0. PMID 15218192.
  5. Satyanarayana T, Gowda S, Ayllón MA, Albiach-Martí MR, Dawson WO (August 2002). "Mutational analysis of the replication signals in the 3'-nontranslated region of citrus tristeza virus". Virology. 300 (1): 140–52. doi:10.1006/viro.2002.1550. PMID 12202214.
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