Clarinet concerto

A clarinet concerto is a concerto for clarinet; that is, a musical composition for solo clarinet together with a large ensemble (such as an orchestra or concert band). Albert Rice has identified a work by Giuseppe Antonio Paganelli as possibly the earliest known concerto for solo clarinet; its score appears to be titled "Concerto per Clareto" and may date from 1733. It may, however, be intended for soprano chalumeau.[1] There are earlier concerti grossi with concertino clarinet parts including two by Johann Valentin Rathgeber, published in 1728.[2]

Famed publishing house Breitkopf & Härtel published the first clarinet concerto in 1772. The instrument's popularity soared and a flurry of early clarinet concertos ensued.[3] Many of these early concertos have largely been forgotten, though German clarinettist Dieter Klocker specializes in these "lost" works.[4] Famous clarinet concertos of the Classical and early Romantic era include those of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Carl Maria von Weber and Louis Spohr.

Relatively few clarinet concertos, or wind instrument concertos generally, were produced during the middle and late Romantic music era, but the form became more popular in the twentieth century, with famous clarinet concertos from Carl Nielsen and Aaron Copland, as well as more recent ones by composers such as John Adams, Kalevi Aho, Elliott Carter, John Corigliano, Magnus Lindberg, Donald Martino, Christopher Rouse, and John Williams.

Baroque period

The modern clarinet did not exist before about 1700. There are, however, a number of concertos written for its antecedent, the chalumeau.

The discovery of six clarinet concertos by Johann Melchior Molter (1696–1765) — the first of which may date from 1743[5] — and three concerti grossi for clarinet and oboe written by Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741) as far back as 1711[6] have led music historians to revise the common view that the first concerto for the instrument was written by Johann Stamitz around 1755.

Classical period
  • Johann Georg Heinrich Backofen (1768–1830?)
    • Concerto in B♭ major for clarinet and orchestra, Op.3 (1809?)
    • Sinfonie Concertante in A major, Op.10 for Two Clarinets and Orchestra (1810?)
    • Clarinet Concerto in E♭ Major, Opus 16 (1809?)
    • Clarinet Concerto in E♭ Major, Opus 24 (1821?)
    • Concerto in F major for Basset-horn and Orchestra
  • Joseph Beer (1744–1812)
    • Clarinet Concerto No. 1
    • Two other clarinet concertos and two double concertos[3]
  • Matthäus (Frédéric) Blasius (1758–1829)
    • Concerto No. 1 in C major for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • Antonio Casimir Cartellieri (1772–1807)
    • Concerto No. 1 in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Concerto No. 3 in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Concerto for Two Clarinets & Orchestra in B♭ Major
  • Bernhard Hendrik Crusell (1775–1838)
    • Concerto No. 1 in E♭ major, Op.1 (1807)
    • "Grand" Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op.5 (1815)
    • Concerto No. 3 in B♭ major, Op.11 (c.1807–1820)
  • Sébastien Demar (1763–1832)
    • Concerto in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • François Devienne (1759–1803)
    • Concertino in B♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra Op.25
  • Franz Anton Dimmler (1753–1827)
    • Concerto in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • Joseph Leopold Eybler (1765–1846)
  • Josef Fiala (1748–1816)
    • Concertante in B♭ major for Clarinet and Cor Anglais
  • Carl Andreas Göpfert (1768–1818)
    • Concerto in E♭ Major, Op.14
    • Concerto in B♭ Major, Op.20
    • Concerto in E♭ Major, Op.35
  • Franz Anton Hoffmeister (1754–1812)
    • Clarinet Concerto in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra (1782–1784?)
    • Concerto in E♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra (1782–1784?)
  • James Hook (1746–1827)
    • Clarinet Concerto in E♭ major (1812), this is actually by Lefèvre, his Concerto No. 3 in E♭ major [7]
  • Leopold Kozeluch (1747–1818)
    • Two clarinet concertos both in E♭ major[3]
  • Franz Krommer (1759–1831)
    • Concerto in E♭ Op.36 for clarinet and orchestra (1803)
    • Concerto for two clarinets and orchestra in E♭, Op.35, (1802)
    • Concerto for two clarinets and orchestra in E♭, Op.91 (1815)
    • Konzertstück for two clarinets and orchestra
  • Karol Kurpinski (1785–1857)
    • Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (performed 1820) (Grove: Jim Samson)
  • Ludwig August Lebrun (1752–1790)
    • Concerto in one movement in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • Jean-Xavier Lefèvre (1763–1829)
    • Clarinet Concertos No. 4 and No. 6 (1796)
  • Peter Joseph von Lindpaintner (1791–1856)
    • Concertino in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • John Mahon (c. 1748–1834)
    • Clarinet Concerto No. 2 in F major
  • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
    • Clarinet Concerto (1791)
    • Sinfonia Concertante in E♭ major for Four Winds (possibly spurious)
  • Iwan Müller (1786–1854)
    • Concertante Op.23 in E♭ major for two Clarinets and Military Band
  • Carlo Paessler (1774–1865)
    • Concerto con variazioni in E♭ major for Clarinet and Strings
    • Concerto in C minor for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Concerto in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • Ignaz Pleyel (1757–1831)
    • Concerto in C major for Clarinet in C
  • František Xaver Pokorný (1729–1794)
    • Concerto in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • Antonín Reicha (1770–1836)
    • Concerto in G minor for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Introduction and Variations on a Theme by Dittersdorf in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • Carl Gottlieb Reissiger (1798–1859)
    • Concertino in E♭ major Op.63 for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • Alessandro Rolla (1757–1841)
    • Concerto for Bassethorn and Orchestra
  • Antonio Rosetti (1750–1792)
    • Concerto No. 1 in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Concerto No. 2 in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Two additional clarinet concertos
  • Theodor von Schacht (1748–1823)
    • Clarinet Concerto in B♭ major for clarinet and orchestra
  • Georg Abraham Schneider
    • Concerto No. 1 for basset horn and orchestra, Op.90. (1820?)[8][9]
    • Concerto No. 2 for basset horn and orchestra, Op.105.[8]
  • Pedro Étienne Solère (1753–1817)
    • Concerto in E♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra
    • Concerto in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Concerto Espagnol in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • Carl Stamitz (1745–1801)
    • 11 Clarinet Concertos
  • Franz Xaver Süßmayr (1766–1803)
    • Concerto movement in D major for Basset Clarinet and Orchestra
  • Franz Tausch (1762–1817)
    • Concertante Op.26 No. 2 in B♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra
    • Concertante Op.27 No. 1 in B♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra
    • Concerto in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • Johann Vogel (1756–1788)
    • Concerto in B♭ Major[3]
  • Peter von Winter (1754–1825)
    • Concerto in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • Michèl Yost (1754–1786)
    • Concerto No. 11 in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Concerto No. 8 in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Concerto No. 9 in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Concerto No. 7 in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra

Other concertos from the Classical era include those by Deshayes, Fuchs, Jan Kalous, Joseph Lacher, Lang, Philipp Meissner, Pfeilsticker, J.B. Wanhal, Wenzel Pichel, Johan Stich, and J.C. Stumpf.[3]

Romantic period
  • Heinrich Joseph Bärmann (1784–1847)
    • Concertstück in G minor for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Concertino in C minor for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Concertino in E♭ major Op.27 for Clarinet and Orchestra (1828?)
  • Carl Bärmann (1810–1885)
    • Konzertstück for two Clarinets and Orchestra
    • Concerto Militaire for Clarinet and Orchestra
  • Max Bruch
  • Gaetano Donizetti
    • Concertino for Clarinet and Orchestra in B♭ major
  • Donato Lovreglio's (1847–1907)
    • Fantasia Da Concerto Su Motivi De La Traviata (Fantasia for Clarinet and Orchestra on the Opera, La Traviata) for Clarinet and Orchestra (Original music/opera by Giuseppe Verdi)
  • Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847)
    • Concert Piece No. 1 for Clarinet, Basset Horn, and Orchestra in F minor, Op.113 (1833)
    • Concert Piece No. 2 for Clarinet, Basset Horn, and Orchestra in D minor, Op.114 (1833)
  • Saverio Mercadante (1795–1870)
    • Clarinet Concerto in B♭ major
    • Clarinet Concerto in E♭ major
  • Julius Rietz (1812–1877)
    • Concerto in G minor Op.29 for Clarinet and Orchestra (c.1840s)
  • Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908)
    • Concertstück for Clarinet and Military Band (1878)[10]
  • Gioachino Rossini (1792–1868)
    • Introduction, Theme and Variations in E♭ major/B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Variations for Clarinet and Small Orchestra in C major (1809)
    • Concerto No. 1 in C minor/A♭ major/E♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra
    • Introduction, Theme and Variations in B minor/B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Fantasie in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
    • Concerto No. 2 in E♭ major/A♭ major/E♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra
  • Louis Schindelmeisser (1811–1864)
    • Sinfonia Concertante for four Clarinets and Orchestra, Op.2 (1833)
  • Louis Spohr (1784–1859)
    • Clarinet Concerto No. 1 C Minor, Op.26 (1808)
    • Clarinet Concerto No. 2 in E♭ Major, Op.57 (1810)
    • Clarinet Concerto No. 3 in F Minor, WoO 19 (1821)
    • Clarinet Concerto No. 4 in E Minor, WoO 20 (1828)
    • Fantasia and Variations on a Theme of Danzi, Op.81
    • Potpourri for Clarinet and Orchestra in F Major, Op.80 (1811) [11]
    • Variations on a Theme from "Alruna" for Clarinet and Orchestra (1809)
  • Charles Villiers Stanford (1852–1924)
    • Clarinet Concerto in A minor Op.80 (1902)
  • Sergey Ivanovich Taneyev (1856–1915)
    • Canzona for Clarinet and Strings in F minor
  • Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826)

20th/21st century
  • Dimitris Maronidis
    • Clarinet Concerto for Cl, String Orchestra and Electronics (2020)
gollark: (Three backticks then python)
gollark: ` ` ` python
gollark: I apologise for typos as I am on my phone.
gollark: See, this is shorter and supports an arbitrary number of guesses.
gollark: ```pythonimport randomx = random.randint(0, 1000)while True: n = int(input("Choose a number: ")) if n == x: break elif n > x: print("Lower!") else: print("Higher!")print("You win!")```

See also

Notes
  1. Rice, Albert R. (1992). The Baroque Clarinet. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 99–101.
  2. Rice, Albert R. (1992). The Baroque Clarinet. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 93–94.
  3. Hoeprich, Erich (2008). The clarinet. Yale University Press. p. 81 & 82. ISBN 978-0-300-10282-6.
  4. "Dieter Klocker Discography".
  5. Goodman, Jonathan Michael (2011). The Clarinet Concerti that Inspired the Composition of the Six Clarinet Concerti of Johann Melchior Molter (Thesis). Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.
  6. Hoeprich, T. Eric (1983). "Finding a Clarinet for the Three Concertos by Vivaldi". Early Music. 11 (1): 61–64. doi:10.1093/earlyj/11.1.61. JSTOR 3137507.
  7. Juan José Molero Ramos (September 2019). "A Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra in E-Flat Major by James Hook or Jean-Xavier Lefèvre: A Question Of Authorship". The Clarinet.
  8. Hoeprich, Eric (2008). The Clarinet. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 135.
  9. "Basset Horn Concerto, Op.90 (Schneider, Georg Abraham)". IMSLP. Despite the title, the solo part does not use the notes below low written E characteristic of a basset horn; in modern terms these would be concertos for alto clarinet in F.
  10. Marina Frolava-Walker. "Rimsky-Korsakov: (1) Nikolay Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov." Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed December 1, 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
  11. Anderson, Keith. Spohr: Clarinet Concertos Nos. 1 & 3/Potpourri, Op. 80 (CD). Naxos Records. 8.550688. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
  12. "John Adams List of Works". Archived from the original on 9 February 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
  13. "The Official Leonard Bernstein Web Site: Music for Performance". Retrieved 20 January 2007.
  14. Tirimo, F. (no date) Works - Clarinet Concerto (Lost Lanes, Shadow Groves). Available at: http://www.jamesfrancisbrown.com/works/work.asp?workid=306&order=catdate (Accessed: 13 October 2015)
  15. Antony Beaumont. "Busoni, Ferruccio." Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed December 1, 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
  16. "Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra, John Corigliano". G. Schirmer, Inc. Retrieved 31 January 2007.
  17. "The saint and the shebeen". The Herald. 20 June 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-06-29. Retrieved 2007-06-22.
  18. Tuthill, Burnet C (Spring 1962). "The Concertos for Clarinet". Journal of Research in Music Education. 10 (1): 47–58. doi:10.2307/3343911. JSTOR 3343911.
  19. "Oakland Symphony performs a clarinetist's 'Dream'". Inside Bay Area. 2007-03-21. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
  20. "Beaver Valley Philharmonic: Mozart, Goodman in season finale". Lincoln Park Performing Arts Center. 2008-04-17. Archived from the original on 2009-01-13. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
  21. Giselher Schubert. "Hindemith, Paul." Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed December 1, 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
  22. "Clarinet Concerto—Thea Musgrave, Composer". Thea Musgrave web site. Archived from the original on 6 February 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2007.
  23. Tower, Joan (1988). "Concerto for Clarinet". G. Schirmer Inc. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
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