Chi-Ming Chu

Zhu Jiming (Chinese: 朱既明; 12 September 1917 – 6 January 1998), better known in English as Chi-Ming Chu, was a Chinese virologist.[1] He was a member of the Chinese Academy of Science and an Honorary Member of the American Society for Microbiology.[2]

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Chu (Zhu).
Chi-Ming Chu (Zhu Jiming)
朱既明
Born(1917-09-12)September 12, 1917
Yixing, Jiangsu, China
DiedJanuary 6, 1998(1998-01-06) (aged 80)
Alma materShanghai Medical College, University of Cambridge
OccupationVirologist
Years active1945–1984
Known for

Early life and education

Chu was born 12 September 1917 in Yixing, Jiangsu, China. He attended Shanghai Medical College and graduated in 1939. He gained his PhD in 1948 from Cambridge University.

Career

Chu's career spanned from classical virology to the era of molecular virology. His research on influenza viruses included work on virus structure, surveillance and subunit vaccine development.[3] He also worked on penicillin, attenuated viral vaccines, recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines and vaccinia viral vectors.[4]

Chu was the first head of the World Influenza Centre (WIC) at the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill (London) from 1948 to 1950.[5][1] The WIC was established by the World Health Organisation as a result of a meeting at the 4th International Congress of Microbiology, held in 1947. [6] After returning to China in 1950 he worked at the National Vaccine and Serum Institute (Beijing) before moving to the National Institute of Biologicals in Changchun and then the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine (CAPM).[4]

At the end of his life Dr. Chu was a member of the Chinese Academy of Science, an Academician of the British Royal Institute for Internal Medicine, an Honorary Member of the American Society for Microbiology and Honorary Director of the Institute of Virology.[4]

Chu was engaged in influenza virus research from 1945 to 1984. Among his contributions, Dr. Chu discovered the filamentous form of influenza virus and was the first to report its variability in Lancet in 1949. [7] He appeared in a 1997 documentary explaining his research.[8]

Chu's work on influenza viruses was important for later work on virus detection and the worldwide program of influenza virus surveillance. He discovered the Chu inhibitor[9][10], the filamentous property of influenza viruses[11], and the origins of the 1957 and 1977 influenza pandemics.[2]

Chi-Ming Chu's personal motto was “Only by simplifying your everyday life and suppressing your desire for material things can you reach your goals. Only a calm mind and absence of anxiety will grant you broad vision”.[1]

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References
  1. Yan, Weizheng; Huang, Baoying; Ruan, Li; Tan, Wenjie (2017-07-28). "Dr. Chi-Ming Chu: Respected founder of molecular virology and pioneer of biologicals in China". Protein & Cell. 8 (9): 629–633. doi:10.1007/s13238-017-0445-z. ISSN 1674-800X. PMC 5563287. PMID 28755204.
  2. Laver, W.Graeme; Webster, Robert G. (March 1999). "In Memoriam: Chu Chi Ming (1917–1998)". Virology. 255 (1): F12-1. doi:10.1006/viro.1998.9551. ISSN 0042-6822. PMID 10049835.
  3. Kaplan, M. M. (1980). "The Role of the World Health Organization in the Study of Influenza". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 288 (1029): 417–421. Bibcode:1980RSPTB.288..417K. doi:10.1098/rstb.1980.0018. JSTOR 2395965. PMID 6103559.
  4. Ruan, Li; Lu, Demin. "Chi-ming (ZHU, Ji-ming) Chu". Munks Roll. Royal College of Physicians. p. 110. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  5. Clayton, Julie (2014). A Century of Science for Health. London: MRC National Institute for Medical Research. ISBN 978-0-9572625-4-6.
  6. Chu, C. M.; Andrewes, C. H.; Gledhill, A. W. (1950). "Influenza in 1948-1949". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 3 (2): 187–214. ISSN 0042-9686. PMC 2553936. PMID 14792271.
  7. Elford, W. J.; Dawson, I. M.; Chu, C. M. (1949-04-09). "Filamentous Forms Associated with Newly Isolated Influenza Virus". The Lancet. 253 (6554): 602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(49)91699-2. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 18124993.
  8. Carrière, Bruno (Director) (1997). Influenza [La grippe]. National Film Board of Canada.
  9. Chu, C. M. (1951). "The Action of Normal Mouse Serum on Influenza Virus". Microbiology. 5 (4): 739–757. doi:10.1099/00221287-5-4-739. PMID 14908012.
  10. Sampaio, A. A. C. (1952). "Inhibitors of influenza virus haemagglutination in normal animal sera". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 6 (4): 467–472. ISSN 0042-9686. PMC 2554121. PMID 12997989.
  11. CHU, C (April 1949). "Filamentous Forms Associated with Newly Isolated Influenza Virus". The Lancet. 253 (6554): 602. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(49)91699-2. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 18124993.
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