Charklik (ancient settlement)

Charklik, Charkhlik is an archeology site located in what is now officially Ruoqiang (Qakilik) County, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Together with the nearby Miran site, they correspond to two ancient capitals of Shanshan, Wuni (扜泥, OC:*‍*__ C.nˤ[əj]/qʰʷa niːl) and Yixun (伊循, OC:*‍*ʔij sə.lu[n]/*qlil ljun). However, it is yet to be cleared which site correspond to which capital.

This article is about an archeology site named Charklik. For the town named Qakilik or Ruoqiang (若羌), see Ruoqiang Town. For the nearby ancient Qiangic kingdom named Ruoqiang (婼羌) after which the Ruoqiang (Qakilik) County was named, see Ruoqiang Kingdom.
Charklik
Shown within Xinjiang
LocationRuoqiang County, Xinjiang, China
RegionTarim Basin
Coordinates39°02′N 88°00′E

History

Charklik was the name for an ancient settlement that was located in modern Ruoqiang County in Xinjiang. It was part of the kingdom of Loulan (later renamed Shanshan) from at least the 1st century BCE.

During the latter part of the Former Han and throughout the Later Han the capital of the kingdom of Shanshan was known as Yüni (扜泥), which is thought to be located near the present town of Ruoqiang at Charklik.[1]

The explorer and archaeologist Aurel Stein visited the small oasis of Charklik in 1906, where he found a little village that was the official headquarters of a very large district, almost all desert, and including the salt lake known as Lop Nor. The district, however, only contained about five hundred households, even including the semi-nomadic herders and fishermen called 'Lopliks'.

It was recorded that the Buddhist monk Xuanzang passed through a town called Na-Fu-Bo (纳缚波) on his way home to China in 645 CE, and Marco Polo in the 13th century passed through a place he called the town of Lop,[2] and both of these were suggested by Aurel Stein to be Charklik.[3] Stein indicated that there is "conclusive evidence" that Charklik was already the chief centre of the region when Xuanzang passed through the town.[4][5]

Description

At various times in history Charklik was the last stop on the difficult Southern Silk Road from Khotan before crossing the much-feared salt pans of Lop Nor to Dunhuang. An alternate route from modern Charklik heads south through the Qaidam Desert which then turns northeast to Dunhuang, or south to Lhasa. There is also an ancient route leading north across the Taklamakan Desert to Korla. Northeast of the town of Ruoqiang is the important archaeological site of Miran.[6]

The modern town of Ruoqiang is described as "small, busy place" with only very basic accommodation available. It is a convenient jumping-off place to visit the ruins of Miran.[7]

South of Charklik are the imposing Altun Mountains which contain a large nature reserve where the wild horse, Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalski), now extinct in the wild, is being reintroduced from stocks bred in zoos.[6]

gollark: I also like how Macron has an AST with exactly 49 hardcoded operators instead of the superior Haskell way.
gollark: I like how you say this as if any of the code exists whatsoever.
gollark: Well, it's beeoidal to unoptimize stuff and just hope it'll be optimized again later.
gollark: I think you would just have to AND the result afterward. It would not be very efficient.
gollark: Idea: if I get Minoteaur into the Macron spec somehow, Lyricly will be forced to either make it or eternally not make Macron.

See also

References
  1. Hill (2015) Vol. I, p. 93.
  2. J.M. Dent (1908), "Chapter 36: Of the Town of Lop Of the Desert in its Vicinity - And of the strange Noises heard by those who pass over the latter", The travels of Marco Polo the Venetian, pp. 99–101
  3. Aurel Stein (1932). "Chapter IX: Section 1 - Marco Polo Lop and Hsüan Tsang Na-Fu-Po". ~Serindia. I. pp. 319–322.
  4. Stein, M. Aurel (1999). On Ancient Central Asian Tracks: Brief Narrative of Three Expeditions in Innermost Asia and Northwestern China. Reprinted with Introduction by Jeannette Mirsky. Delhi: Book Faith India. p. 83.
  5. Hill (2015) Vol. I, p. 84.
  6. Bonavia, Judy (2004). The Silk Road: From Xi'an to Kashgar. Revised by Christoph Baumer. Hong Kong: Odyssey Publications. p. 330. ISBN 962-217-741-7.
  7. Leffman, David; Lewis, Simon; Atiyah, Jeremy (2005). The Rough Guide to China (Fourth ed.). New York, London, Delhi: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84353-479-2.
  • A tourism Guide to Charklik.

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