Whippomorpha

Whippomorpha; Temporal range: Early Eocene–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Clade:	Cetancodontamorpha
Suborder:	Whippomorpha; Waddell et al. 1999
Taxa
	Hippopotamoidea †Anthracotheriidae; Hippopotamidae; ; †Dichobunoidea †Mixtotheriidae; †Dichobunidae; †Helohyidae; †Cebochoeridae; ; Cetaceomorpha †Raoellidae; Cetacea; ;

Whippomorpha is the clade containing the Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, etc.) and their closest living relatives, the hippopotamuses, named by Waddell et al. (1999).[1] It is defined as a crown group, including all species that are descendants of the most recent common ancestor of Hippopotamus amphibius and Tursiops truncatus.[1] This would be a subgrouping of the Cetartiodactyla (which also includes pigs and ruminants). The genetic evidence is strong that the cetaceans arose from within the Artiodactyla, thus making the even-toed ungulate grouping a paraphyletic one.[2] How recently whales and hippos share a common ancestor is unclear.

Cladogram showing Whippomorpha within Artiodactylamorpha: Whippomorpha consists of the clades labeled Hippopotamoidea and Cetaceamorpha.

Whippomorpha is a mixture of English (wh[ale] + hippo[potamus]) and Greek (μορφή, morphē = form). Attempts have been made to rename the clade Cetancodonta[3] but Whippomorpha maintains precedence.[4]

Artiodactyla

Tylopoda

Artiofabula

Suina

Cetruminantia

Ruminantia

Whippomorpha

	Hippopotamidae

	Cetacea

References

Waddell, P. J.; Okada, N.; Hasegawa, M. (1999). "Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals". Systematic Biology. 48 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1. JSTOR 2585262. PMID 12078634.
Beck, Robin M.D.; Bininda-Emonds, Olaf R.P.; Cardillo, Marcel; Liu, Fu-Guo; Purvis, Andy (2006). "A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 6: 93. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-93. PMC 1654192. PMID 17101039.
Spaulding, Michelle; O'Leary, Maureen A.; Gatesy, John (2009). Farke, Andrew Allen (ed.). "Relationships of cetacea (Artiodactyla) among mammals: Increased taxon sampling alters interpretations of key fossils and character evolution". PLoS ONE. 4 (9): e7062. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007062. PMC 2740860. PMID 19774069.
Asher, Robert J.; Helgen, Kristofer M. (2010). "Nomenclature and placental mammal phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 102. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-102. PMC 2865478. PMID 20406454.

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[Waddell-1] Waddell, P. J.; Okada, N.; Hasegawa, M. (1999). "Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals". Systematic Biology. 48 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1. JSTOR 2585262. PMID 12078634.

[2] Beck, Robin M.D.; Bininda-Emonds, Olaf R.P.; Cardillo, Marcel; Liu, Fu-Guo; Purvis, Andy (2006). "A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 6: 93. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-93. PMC 1654192. PMID 17101039.

[3] Spaulding, Michelle; O'Leary, Maureen A.; Gatesy, John (2009). Farke, Andrew Allen (ed.). "Relationships of cetacea (Artiodactyla) among mammals: Increased taxon sampling alters interpretations of key fossils and character evolution". PLoS ONE. 4 (9): e7062. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007062. PMC 2740860. PMID 19774069.

[4] Asher, Robert J.; Helgen, Kristofer M. (2010). "Nomenclature and placental mammal phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 102. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-102. PMC 2865478. PMID 20406454.