Cervelliere

A cervelliere (cervelière, cervelliera;[1] Latin: cervellerium,[2] cerebrarium,[3] cerebrerium, cerebotarium[4]) is a hemispherical, close-fitting[5] skull cap of steel or iron.[3] It was worn as a helmet during the medieval period.

Cervelliere c. 1240/1250.

History

The cervelliere was first introduced during the late 12th century and was the primary head protection for Crusaders at that time. It was worn either alone or more often over or under a mail coif.[5] Additionally, a great helm could be worn over a cervelliere,[5] and by the late 13th century this was the usual practice.

Over time, the cervelliere experienced several evolutions. Many helmets became increasingly pointed and the back of the skull cap elongated to cover the neck, thus developing into the bascinet.[6] Cerveillieres were worn throughout the medieval period and even during the Renaissance.[7] They were cheap and easy to produce and thus much used by commoners and non-professional soldiers who could not afford more advanced protection.

Anecdotally, medieval literature credits the invention of the cervellière to astrologer Michael Scot ca. 1233,[1] though this is not seriously entertained by most historians.[1] The Chronicon Nonantulanum[note 1] records that the astrologer devised the iron-plate cap shortly before his own predicted death, which he still inevitably met when a stone weighing two ounces fell on his protected head[2][3]

Notes
  1. Planché gives Nantubanum but Nonantulanum is given by Du Cange
gollark: `chown` it to whatever user FastCGI runs as.
gollark: Right, I see.
gollark: What file?
gollark: The file can *edit* it?
gollark: You might just need to chmod 755 it.

References
  1. Muendel 2002
  2. Du Cange 1842, p. 295
  3. Planché 1896, p. 88, volume 2
  4. Planché, loc. cit., citing Chronicon Francisi Pepina, lib. ii. cap. 50
  5. Nicolle 1996, p. 51
  6. Petersen 1968 (Encyclopædia Britannica, "Helmet")
  7. Douglas Miller, Armies of the German Peasants' War 1524-26 (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003), 47.
  • Fairholt, Frederick William (1896). Costume in England: a history of dress to the end of the eighteenth century. 2 (4th ed.). London: George Bell and sons.
  • Muendel, John (2002). "The Manufacture of the Skullcap (Cervelliera) in the Florentine Countryside during the Age of Dante and the Problem of Identifying Michael Scot as its Inventor". Early Science and Medicine. 7 (2): 93–120. doi:10.1163/157338202x00045. JSTOR 4130215.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Petersen, Harold Leslie (1968). "Helmet". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11. London. p. 335-.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Nicolle, David (1996). Knight of Outremer AD 1187-1344. London: Osprey. p. 51. ISBN 1855325551.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Planché, James Robinson (1896). A cyclopaedia of costume or dictionary of dress. 2 (4th ed.). London: George Bell and sons.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Du Cange, Charles Du Fresne (1842). Glossarium mediae et infimae Latinitatis. 2. Paris: Firmin Didot. p. 295.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.