Caruru (food)

Caruru (Brazilian Portuguese: [kaɾu'ɾu]) is a Brazilian food made from okra, onion, shrimp, palm oil and toasted nuts (peanuts and/or cashews). It is a typical condiment in the northeastern state of Bahia, where it is commonly eaten with acarajé, an Afro-Brazilian street food made from mashed black-eyed peas formed into a ball and then deep-fried in palm oil.[1][2]

Caruru

Etymology

"Caruru" comes from the African term kalalu. Another possibility is that it is a Tupi noun, caá-laughu, the eating herb, as defined by Câmara Cascudo. It is a curious case of similar words, which generates some confusion between the plant and the dish.[3]

Origin

Guilherme Piso, who lived in Pernambuco (1638-1644), reports the caruru made with medicinal and food herb (and not with okra). In his story in Historia Naturalis Brasiliae, the doctor from Count Maurício de Nassau informs that "this bredo (caruru) is eaten as a vegetable and cooked instead of spinach ...". Another account, in 1820, in the Amazon, by Von Martius, mentions the "caruru-açu" during a meal with the natives near the Madeira River, when he experienced "a delicacy of chestnuts pounded with an herb similar to spinach ..." . In other words: this description is of a caruru made with the caruru plant, originally from the Americas (and not from Africa, which is the case of okra). For the dish, the cuisine of Dahome Nagô, from Yoruba Nigeria, and indigenous from Bahia would have been combined. During his visit to Africa, at the end of the 18th century, Father Vicente Ferreira Pires called the meal in Daomé "chicken caruru", revealing that the use of oil palm, a palm of African origin. Originally, the Brazilian caruru was a stew of herbs that served to accompany another dish (meat or fish). The current version of the caruru, however, is more African than indigenous, being made with okra, chili, dried shrimp and palm oil.[4]

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References
  1. "Caruru, o prato afro-indígena mais antigo e popular" - por Guta Chaves, para a Revista História Viva, nº 20, pg. 15. Editora Duetto (junho 2005)
  2. FERREIRA, A. B. H. Novo dicionário da língua portuguesa. 2ª edição. Rio de Janeiro. Nova Fronteira. 1986. p. 361.
  3. FERREIRA, A. B. H. Novo dicionário da língua portuguesa. 2ª edição. Rio de Janeiro. Nova Fronteira. 1986. p. 361.
  4. Viagem pelo Brasil 1817-1820: Excertos e Ilustrações. Johann Baptist Von Spix; Carl Friedrich Philipp Von Martius. Título original: Reise in Brasilien.

See also



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