Car of Tomorrow

The Car of Tomorrow[1] (abbreviated as CoT) is the common name used for the chassis that accompanies the NASCAR Cup Series (since 2008 as a full-time) and Xfinity Series (since 2011 as a full-time) race cars. The car was part of a five-year project to create a safer vehicle following several deaths in competition, particularly the 2001 crash that took the life of Dale Earnhardt.[2]

Car of Tomorrow
Constructor Chevrolet
Dodge
Ford
Toyota
SuccessorGeneration 6 (NASCAR)
Technical specifications
Length206 in (523.2 cm)
Width78.5 in (199.4 cm)
Height53 in (134.6 cm)
Wheelbase110 in (279.4 cm)
Engine358 cubic inches (5,870 cc)
FR layout
Transmission4-speed manual
Weight3450 lbs (1565 kg) (Gen 5)
3,250 lbs (Gen 6 Sprint Cup)
3,200 lbs (Xfinity)
FuelSunoco Unleaded: 2007–2011
Sunoco Green E15: 2011–present
TiresGoodyear
Competition history
DebutMarch 25, 2007
(2007 Food City 500)
Last eventNovember 18, 2012
(2012 Ford 400)

Best known for being used as the fifth generation car style for the Cup Series, the original Car of Tomorrow body design was larger and boxier than the design it replaced, and criticized for its generic appearance and poor handling characteristics.[3] The CoT, however, implemented dramatic safety improvements, cost less to maintain, and was intended to make for closer competition.[4]

The car was introduced in the 2007 Cup season at the Food City 500 on March 25 and ran a partial schedule of 16 races. The plan was to require all teams to use the new car in 2009, but NASCAR officials moved the date up to the 2008 season as a cost-saving measure. The fifth-generation car's body style was retired by NASCAR after the 2012 Ford EcoBoost 400. The sixth-generation car, which featured the additional chassis safety improvements but utilized improved body designs, debuted in 2013;[4] many teams simply removed the fifth-generation car bodies, added the new chassis safety improvements, and installed a sixth-generation car body.

In 2010, the Xfinity Series (then the Nationwide Series) debuted its own version of the CoT in a partial schedule, using the same chassis but different bodies and a wider wheelbase; teams could take old Sprint Cup cars, change the bodies, and run them in the Nationwide Series, provided they passed recertification. The car was required for full-time competition in 2011.

Design

On January 11, 2006, NASCAR revealed the Car of Tomorrow, also referred to as the "Car of the Future" during its development,[5] after a five-year design program sparked mainly by the death of Dale Earnhardt Sr. in a final-lap crash during the 2001 Daytona 500.[2][6] During the prior season, three drivers (Adam Petty, Kenny Irwin, Jr. and Tony Roper) had perished in on-track accidents.[7][8] The then-current cars were based on a design by Holman Moody first used for the 1966 Ford Fairlane.[9] The primary design considerations for the new car were "safety innovations, performance and competition, and cost efficiency for teams."[10][11]

The CoT incorporated several safety improvements in comparison to the older car.[6] The driver's seat was moved four inches toward the center, and the roll cage shifted three inches to the rear, while the car was designed two inches taller and four inches wider.[6][11][12] Larger crumple zones, designed to absorb impact energy, and impact absorbing foam were built into the car on both sides.[11][12] Replacing the front valance was an adjustable splitter, a piece of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP, "fiberglass") used on the bottom front of the car to produce downforce.[12] The car's exhaust exits on the right (passenger) side, which diverts heat from the driver.[6][12] The fuel cell was strengthened using thicker material, with a smaller capacity 17.75 US gallons (67.2 L), down from 22 US gallons (83 L), which as of 2007 has become standard in all cars.[11][13]

A Car of Tomorrow body with Toyota Camry decals

NASCAR officials initially claimed the car was less dependent on aerodynamics, comparing its performance to the trucks of the Camping World Truck Series.[14] It initially featured a detached wing, which had not been used since the Dodge Charger Daytona and Plymouth Superbird in 1970, in place of a rear spoiler.[12][15] The windshield was more upright to prevent collapse in the event of a rollover, with the added effect of increased drag.[11][12] The radiator air intake was placed below the front bumper of the car, to reduce overheating caused by debris-clogged grilles.[12] The front bumper itself was more box-like and the front airdam was gapped, as opposed to being a flush piece on the older cars, to reduce aerodynamics and slow down the cars.[12]

All cars were required to fit the same set of templates (with minor differences between the makes), using a laser inspection system (LIS)[16] device nicknamed "the claw" that was designed to fit over the new cars.[11][17][18][19] In the first two races at Bristol and Martinsville Speedway, the garages were opened one day early and the inspections took up to 10 hours so that everyone (teams, officials, etc.) could get a better grip on the new unified template.[18] NASCAR's old rules had a different set of templates for each manufacturer (Ford, Chevy, Dodge, and Toyota).[11][17] During the CoT-era, NASCAR eliminated "gray area" and ambiguity within the rule book, and frequently adjusted the rules to ensure that different car manufacturers have relatively equal cars.[11] With the transition to the Gen6 car, the claw continues to be used along with manufacturer-specific templates.[17]

On Friday, January 15, 2010, Sprint Cup Series director John Darby informed teams that NASCAR would transition back to the spoiler, to increase downforce and prevent airborne accidents the rear wing was believed to cause.

Car models
Front view of Regan Smith's Chevrolet Impala badged CoT at Sonoma Raceway

Although initially branded as the Monte Carlo SS (the same as the Generation 4 model), Chevrolet's car of tomorrow debuted as the Impala SS (later the Impala). After using the Charger name on the old car since 2005, Dodge utilized the Avenger name on the CoT, coinciding with the model's reintroduction into the production market. However, for 2008 the Charger name returned for use on the CoT.[20] Ford continued to use the Fusion model while Toyota continued to use the Camry.

Dimensions

This chart lists the CoT's dimensions compared with the dimensions of their production car counterparts.

Model Length Width Height Wheelbase Weight*
Ford Fusion190.6 in (4,841 mm)72.2 in (1,834 mm)56.9 in (1,445 mm)107.4 in (2,728 mm)3,101 lb (1,407 kg)
Chevrolet Monte Carlo[21]200.7 in (5,098 mm)72.5 in (1,842 mm)51 in (1,295 mm)110 in (2,794 mm)3,400 lb (1,542 kg)
Chevrolet Impala SS200.4 in (5,090 mm)72.9 in (1,852 mm)58.7 in (1,491 mm)110.5 in (2,807 mm)3,711 lb (1,683 kg)
Dodge Charger200.1 in (5,083 mm)74.4 in (1,890 mm)58.2 in (1,478 mm)120 in (3,048 mm)3,820 lb (1,733 kg)
Toyota Camry189.2 in (4,806 mm)71.7 in (1,821 mm)57.9 in (1,471 mm)110.3 in (2,802 mm)3,263 lb (1,480 kg)
Holden Commodore SS-V Redline (Chevrolet SS)192.68 in (4,894 mm)74.76 in (1,899 mm)58.11 in (1,476 mm)114.76 in (2,915 mm)3,902 lb (1,770 kg)
NASCAR COT206 in (5,232 mm)78.5 in (1,994 mm)53 in (1,346 mm)110 in (2,794 mm)3,400 lb (1,542 kg)

*Weight displays the curb weight of the least expensive trim level available for model year 2008 unless otherwise specified. The Holden Commodore listed is a 2012 VE model with a V8 and manual transmission (which road-cars will be imported). The VF Commodore debuted for the 2014 model year in early 2013 as the Chevrolet SS.

Testing

The Car of Tomorrow was first tested in December 2005 at Atlanta Motor Speedway. Next it tested at the 2.5-mile Daytona International Speedway, then on NASCAR's two shortest tracks, Bristol (0.533 mi) and Martinsville (0.526 mi.), the 1.5-mile Lowe's Motor Speedway, the 2.66 mile Talladega Superspeedway, and 2.0-mile Michigan International Speedway. Former NASCAR driver, current Sprint Cup pace car driver and Director of Cost Research Brett Bodine also tested the prototype car against cars prepared by current NASCAR teams.[12]

Drivers tested the CoT concurrently with the old car at some NASCAR tests and at special NASCAR-authorized sessions. Other testing sessions occurred at the half-mile Greenville-Pickens Speedway, Caraway Speedway in Asheboro, NC, and the one-mile North Carolina Speedway (now Rockingham Speedway), none of which were Sprint Cup tracks at the time (North Carolina Speedway was a regular venue until 2005), and therefore did not fall under NASCAR's restrictions.

Implementation

The Car of Tomorrow was first raced at the 2007 Food City 500 at Bristol Motor Speedway, the season's fifth race.[18] The tracks that saw the CoT twice in 2007 besides Bristol and Martinsville International Speedway were Phoenix International Raceway, Richmond International Raceway, Dover International Speedway, and New Hampshire Motor Speedway. Other than Talladega (for the fall event), Darlington Raceway and the road course races at Infineon Raceway (Sonoma, Calif.) and Watkins Glen (N.Y.) International ran the CoT once each in 2007.

Original implementation plans called for the CoT to be used at 26 events in 2008, starting with both races at Daytona, including the season-opening Daytona 500 and related events (Budweiser Shootout and Gatorade Duels), the spring race at Talladega and Michigan, both races at California Speedway, Pocono Raceway and the event at Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Based on the success of the February 28 test at Bristol, NASCAR considered requiring CoT cars for the full schedule in 2008 in order to avoid applying two sets of rules (as supported by a survey of NASCAR owners, with 80% favoring the switch), adding all three events (including the all-star event) at Lowe's Motor Speedway, as well as both races at Atlanta and Texas Motor Speedway, and single races at Chicagoland Speedway, Kansas Speedway, Las Vegas Motor Speedway and Homestead-Miami Speedway one year earlier than scheduled.[6] This was confirmed on Tuesday, May 22, 2007, by NASCAR. Had NASCAR continued with the original schedule of implication, the other tracks would have been added in 2009.[22]

Debut

On March 25, 2007, the CoT debuted in its first NASCAR-sanctioned race. Kyle Busch won the race, the first win for the Chevrolet Impala since Wendell Scott's historic race in 1963.

Reactions to the CoT's performance were mixed. Dale Earnhardt, Jr., after finishing 7th, said, "It wasn't a disaster like everybody anticipated. It worked out, I reckon. Racing was about the same."[23] Drivers were also impressed with the car's ability to bump other competitors without causing a spin (bumper heights were equalized due to street car development, and nose-to-rear bumper contact caused spins that pre-1988 cars would not cause), and NASCAR officials were pleased with the improvements in safety.

Profile view of CoT, driven by Sterling Marlin, at Daytona International Speedway

Several drivers and pundits expressed distaste for the car and what they perceived as a less exciting style of racing created by it. Kyle Busch, despite winning at Bristol, commented that "they suck" during his victory lane interview.[24] Retired driver and TV analyst Rusty Wallace stated on ESPN that the car created a boring, single-file racing environment with little of the passing, action, or crashing that has made NASCAR popular, though after NASCAR announced the CoT would run the full schedule, he stated that it was "one of the best decisions NASCAR had ever made." Drivers who placed well at Bristol, Jeff Gordon and Jeff Burton, claimed that the car allowed the use of a second passing lane not usually present at Bristol.[23]

A major problem with the car's initial race was its front splitter. One car's splitter running into the tire of another car beside it sometimes punctured the second car's tire.[25] There were no problems with the splitter causing tire failure at the car's second race.

Another major problem has been that the safety foam used in the side of the car has caught fire, engulfing the driver's cockpit with smoke. NASCAR decided to make modifications before the April 21 Subway Fresh Fit 500 in Avondale, Arizona.[26] An additional side effect of the foam occurred during side-impacts, as Brian Vickers experienced at Watkins Glen, when the foam would be sheared out of the car leaving debris on the racetrack.

During the 2007 UAW-Ford 500, the CoT's first debut on a superspeedway track at Talladega, NASCAR assigned a 31/32 inch (24.6 mm) restrictor plate to allow the engines to run at around 8,800 RPM due to the less aerodynamic design of the CoT. The previous generation car's engine would normally run around 7,000 RPM with a ⅞ inch (22.2 mm) plate.[27] This was the most open restrictor plate (in terms of air flow) to race at Talladega since 1988.[28]

History, criticisms, and redesigns of the COT

First Generation Body
The remains of Michael McDowell's Aaron's, Inc. Toyota after his notorious qualifying crash in 2008. McDowell would walk away from the incident relatively unscathed.

Criticisms of the CoT began with its first tests, with the magazine Speedway Illustrated noting the car's poor performance in traffic (February 2006 issue). The Winston-Salem Journal also noted extensive criticism of the project during 2006 testing, with drivers becoming more vocal by July 2007 and most fans rejecting the model, citing the falsity of many of its technical claims;[29] one angle of criticism was the differing philosophies of NASCAR officials Gary Nelson and John Darby, with Darby a particularly ardent supporter of the CoT based on a misreading of the sport's competition packages.[30] Jeff Gordon and Matt Kenseth were pointedly critical of the car's poor performance in traffic, with Gordon stating after the 2007 New England 300, "I'd like to know who it was who said this car would reduce the aero push because I could have told you from when I first drove this car that it would be worse."[31] Kyle Busch, who won the very first race with the car at Bristol in 2007, proclaimed that the car "sucks" afterward and expanded on this criticism at Dover in 2008 in noting how the CoT was "hitting a wall of air" in the wake of a leading car, thus neutralizing ability to close up on leaders.[32]

On April 4, 2008, while in a qualifying run for the 2008 Samsung 500 at Texas Motor Speedway, Michael McDowell's right-front sway bar broke, and he proceeded to lose control of his car and proceeded to strike the wall outside of Turn 1 head-on at 185 MPH.[33] Michael's car subsequently barrel-rolled eight times as fire came from the engine compartment and came to a stop at the exit of Turn 2. McDowell emerged from the Toyota unharmed. The car, along with the SAFER barrier on the track wall, was praised for its safety, as the speed upon impact of the crash was about 30 miles an hour more than Dale Earnhardt's fatal accident.[4]

In the 2008 Brickyard 400, the longest run under green flag conditions was 12 laps due to extreme wear on right-side tires, especially the right rear. The CoT, in its first use at Indianapolis Motor Speedway, created no improvement of the conditions on the track, which is well known for its rough surface. The lack of downforce on the car and its higher center of gravity created conditions that made it very hard on the right side tires. During the race, the tires used on the cars generally lasted no more than 10 laps at a time.[34]

It has been claimed that the bulky rear wing that was affixed to the rear of the car from 2007 to early 2010 increased the severity of many on-track incidents by causing cars to flip over or go airborne at high speeds.

  • On the final lap of the 2009 Aaron's 499 at Talladega, leader Carl Edwards attempted to block Brad Keselowski in order to prevent Keselowski from passing; when Keselowski didn't give, Edwards was turned into the air and Edwards's car bounced off of the hood of Ryan Newman's car and flipped into the catch fence, then came to a rest in the middle of the track further down. Edwards was uninjured, but the crash was compared to an accident at Talladega in 1987 where Bobby Allison went airborne and hit the catch fence in a similar location. Allison's crash (coming at speeds 20 MPH faster than Edwards' crash) ripped out a 100-foot section of the catch fence, while Edwards' crash only bent the support poles. Seven spectators were injured in Edwards' accident from debris.[35] The aftermath of the accident spawned questions about the aerodynamic features of the CoT, the nature of pack racing with restrictor plates, and the safety features of Talladega Superspeedway. Video replay showed that despite deploying, the car's roof flaps did nothing to stop the car from flipping – a common failing of the devices dating to their very first month in use – and the second hit from Newman flipped the car higher.[36]
  • In the 2009 AMP Energy 500 – the fall race at Talladega, Ryan Newman was spun backwards at high speed in a late race crash, and then flipped backwards (landing upside down on Kevin Harvick's hood) and ended up on his roof. Mark Martin also barrel rolled in a crash during the same race, but instead of lifting in the air like Newman, his car was hit from behind, causing the weight of the car to shift to one side and pull the car onto its roof, rolling once.
  • At the 2010 Kobalt Tools 500 at Atlanta – the second to last race to use the rear wing – Carl Edwards made deliberate contact with Brad Keselowski (in retaliation for several events including the Talladega race the prior season), causing Keselowski to turn backwards and once more flip over despite the roof flaps being deployed. Keselowski flipped over once and crashed on his side door. Edwards was parked for the rest of the race and put on three-race probation.[37]

These three accidents – as well as the general consensus that the wing made the car look like a sports car rather than a stock car[4] – were factors in NASCAR's eventual decision, in February 2010, to replace the wing with a more traditional rear spoiler starting at Martinsville in late March.[37] Denny Hamlin won the first race with the new/old spoiler, beating out Jeff Gordon and Matt Kenseth.

A comparison of the original and modified nose and splitter designs of the CoT

For the 2011 season, the car's splitter and nose configuration were redesigned: the splitter's braces were removed, and the splitter was made nonadjustable. The nose as a whole was given a cleaner, rounder look that resembled that of NASCAR's previous model (now dubbed the fourth-generation car) and manufacturers were given free rein to construct the lower grille area to reflect that of their NASCAR models' production-car counterparts. In the past, all cars were required to run the same exact grille arrangement, allowing for very little, if any, real differentiation between them.[4]

Dale Earnhardt, Jr. and Ryan Newman tandem drafting in the 2011 Daytona 500

The first racing with the redesigned car was the 2011 Daytona 500 and its supporting races (Budweiser Shootout and Gatorade Duels), all held on brand new pavement for Daytona International Speedway. The Daytona 500 broke long-standing records for leaders and lead changes, as 22 drivers changed the lead 74 times. It also saw a first time winner, rookie Trevor Bayne, go to victory lane.[4] But the story of the new car was a phenomenon of lock-bumper superdrafts – two cars would literally lock together and push into a clear lead, with speeds up to 10 MPH faster than with a conventional draft (on numerous occasions 2-car superdrafts topped 206 MPH); this phenomenon had debuted at Talladega Superspeedway in the spring of 2008 when Denny Hamlin discovered he could push Kevin Harvick all the way around the track during practice, resulting in a lap time about a half a second faster than the rest of the field. Hamlin used the move multiple times in that race to get the lead, and by the next spring the technique was used by the majority of the field throughout the entire race. The phenomenon also led to a new level of "team" racing reminiscent of the team orders ethos common to Formula One; drivers would communicate with each other over radio to coordinate "swaps" instead of actually fighting for position. This was present in the 2011 Aaron's 499 at Talladega, leading to a three-wide finish with three drafting teams contending for the win: Clint Bowyer (pushed by Kevin Harvick), Jeff Gordon (who was being pushed by Mark Martin, but separated before the finish line), and winner Jimmie Johnson (pushed by Dale Earnhardt, Jr.), who won by two-thousandths of a second over Bowyer. A fourth drafting team, consisting of Roush-Fenway teammates Carl Edwards and Greg Biffle (Biffle was pushing), squeezed in between the Bowyer/Harvick tandem and the wall, but only finishing 6th (Edwards) and 7th (Biffle).

Dale Earnhardt, Jr. and veteran drivers such as Richard Petty and David Pearson were sharply critical of this new style of racing, especially in the wake of a race-record sixteen caution flags, most of them for crashes caused when pushing cars spun out leaders; Earnhardt, Jr. himself crashed during an attempt at a green-white-checker finish in the 500.

To dissuade the two-car tandem and return to pack racing, a new superspeedway package was introduced for the 2012 season, including a curved spoiler and a lower and longer rear bumper. The tandem remained prevalent in the Nationwide Series until 2014, when pushing was banned after a massive crash at the end of the 2013 DRIVE4COPD 300, in which 28 spectators were injured by flying debris off of Kyle Larson's airborne car.

In spite of strong criticisms of the CoT's handling characteristics and the racing styles it created, it also produced one of the most competitive periods of time in NASCAR history. the first four CoT races in 2007 produced more "quality passes" (a pass of a top-15 car under green-flag conditions) than their 2006 counterparts.[38] From 2007 to 2012, 28 different drivers scored a victory (in 196 races), including several first-time winners.[4]

Following the elimination of the CoT in 2013, NASCAR Chairman and CEO Brian France identified the model as his biggest failure as the head of the sport due to the lack of manufacturer identity.[3][39]

Second Generation Body ("Gen 6")
The 2013 Ford Fusion
A 2013 Toyota Camry driven by Kyle Busch at Martinsville Speedway
Danica Patrick in a 2013 Chevrolet SS at Texas Motor Speedway
Main article: Generation 6 (NASCAR)

Fuel injection replaced the carburetor as the fuel distributor in the Car of the Tomorrow starting in 2012.[40] For 2013, NASCAR allowed manufacturers to design a brand-new body style for the COT chassis that resembled a given production car even more.[41] The changes were largely cosmetic, with hopes of returning mechanical grip to drivers. At the 2012 Ford Championship Weekend the body of the car made it the Gen 6 car by NASCAR. During the 2012 season, it was announced that Ford would use the Mk.V Ford Mondeo, known as the Fusion in the Americas, Toyota would continue to use the 2013 Camry, while the Holden VF Commodore, rebadged in North America as the Chevrolet Super Sport (SS), replaced the Chevrolet Impala[42] and Dodge announced they would use the Charger. However, soon after, Dodge announced their withdrawal from the sport, after being unable to convince other teams to switch to Dodge to replace Penske Racing (which returned to Ford).[43]

Key among the changes for the car included a carbon fibre hood and decklid, shaving 160 pounds from Sprint Cup cars, and new improved safety bars added to the roll cage. The roof flaps were increased in size to prevent the airborne accidents that marked the CoT's early life.[44]

This new "Generation Six" racecar debuted at the 2013 Daytona 500 and its supporting races. The testing and design of the car began in May 2010 and involved an unusual level of cooperation between the manufacturers (Chevrolet, Ford, and Toyota) involved.[45] The 500 and subsequent race at Phoenix International Raceway, however, caused controversy, as passing was limited and drivers such as Brad Keselowski and Denny Hamlin were critical of the car's ability to pass; the controversy was exacerbated when NASCAR fined Hamlin $25,000 over his comments.[46] The view was also expressed that the car's slow development time and lack of available parts made drivers reluctant to take chances, with improvement expected with more time invested into the car.[47]

Xfinity Series

The Nationwide Series (now Xfinity Series) debuted its own version of the CoT in July 2010 at Daytona International Speedway, running four races that season before fully implementing the car in 2011.[48] The Xfinity car uses the same chassis as the Sprint Cup Series, but features an extended wheelbase of 110 inches (2794 millimeters). The second-tier series also utilizes different body style, primarily marketing American pony cars such as the Ford Mustang.[49][50]

K&N Pro Series

In 2015, NASCAR's regional K&N Pro Series East and West along with the ARCA Racing Series, the final series to still use the Generation 4 style body, introduced a new body style based on the Gen-6 Sprint Cup cars. Unlike the Gen-6, the K&N Pro Series car continues to use a front valence instead of a splitter. Again, three bodies are available—the Camry, SS, and Fusion.[51][52][53]

gollark: ~~For eye damage IIRC color does not really have an effect.~~update: I'm wrong, apparently.
gollark: Yes, people are stupid, don't be stupid.
gollark: And won't affect everyone around you.
gollark: Much less likely.
gollark: It's less likely.

See also
  • Cup Series cars

References

Footnotes
  1. David Caraviello (April 2, 2007). "Car of today, CoT seems like yesterday for Hendrick". www.nascar.com. Archived from the original on 2007-08-09. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  2. Press Release (January 23, 2006). "Car of Tomorrow to make race debut in 2007". Daytona Beach, Florida: NASCAR. Archived from the original on 2006-03-19. Retrieved 16 March 2007.
  3. Turner, Jared (March 20, 2015). "Brian France reveals his biggest failure as NASCAR chairman". Fox Sports. Fox Sports. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  4. McGee, Ryan (February 15, 2013). "Thanks for the memories, CoT". espn.go.com. ESPN, ESPN The Magazine. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  5. NASCAR (April 13, 2004). "Brett Bodine joins R&D staff". Daytona Beach, Florida: motorsport.com. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  6. Jenna Fryer (February 28, 2007). "NASCAR may move COT to full schedule in 2008". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2007-03-08. Retrieved 2007-03-01.
  7. Pennell, Jay (July 7, 2015). "Remembering Kenny Irwin Jr., 15 years after his death". Fox Sports. Archived from the original on 2015-09-12. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  8. Lentati, Sara (April 29, 2015). "The death that changed Nascar". BBC World Service. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  9. Biography Archived March 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine of Holman Moody at the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America. Retrieved March 8, 2007.
  10. NASCAR News Release (April 4, 2006). "Harvick pleased after testing Car of Tomorrow". Martinsville, Virginia: NASCAR. Archived from the original on 2012-10-04. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  11. Borden, Bill (September 19, 2007). "COT keeps racers from stretching the envelope". ESPN.com. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  12. Rodman, Dave (January 12, 2006). "Car of Tomorrow hits Daytona for test: Speeds not as fast as the Cup cars, but they're close". Daytona Beach, Florida: NASCAR. Archived from the original on 2012-10-04. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  13. George, Patrick E. (2009). "How NASCAR's Car of Tomorrow Works". HowStuffWorks. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  14. Blount, Terry (November 19, 2006). "Car Of Tomorrow causing consternation for some". espn.go.com. Homestead, Florida: ESPN. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  15. http://www.truckseries.com/cgi-script/NCTS_06/articles/000061/006135.htm Archived April 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  16. Utter, Jim (February 27, 2016). "Analysis: How Kyle Busch's "perfectly legal" pole car failed tech". motorsport.com. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
  17. Caraviello, David (January 7, 2013). "NEW-LOOK CARS MAY REVIVE OLD-SCHOOL POLITICKING: Different templates could lead to interesting results, but level playing field will be sought". nascar.com. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  18. Newton, David (March 22, 2007). "Darby figures COT a learning experience for all". Bristol, Tennessee: ESPN.com. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  19. Aumann, Mark (April 11, 2012). "INSIDE NASCAR: HAULER TRANSPORTATION REQUIRES CLOCKWORK PRECISION". nascar.com. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  20. Jayski's Silly Season Site – Dodge Past NASCAR News Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  21. "RACELINE CENTRAL: The NASCAR Car of Tomorrow Specs". Retrieved 2008-03-09.
  22. Official Release (May 23, 2007). "It's official: COT will be used full time in '08 season". Daytona Beach, Florida: NASCAR.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  23. Newton, David. One race in, Car of Tomorrow does its job well, ESPN.com, March 25, 2007
  24. Blount, Terry. Kyle Busch loves the victory, hates the new car, ESPN.com
  25. Wells, Thomas (2007-03-27). "'Car of Tomorrow' debut causes wrecks at Food City 500 in Florida". The Daily Texan. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
  26. Hammond, Jeff (2007-03-27). "Gas 'n Go: Dale Jr.'s deal; foam fire fear". FOX Sports. Archived from the original on 2009-02-12. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
  27. SpeedTV.com Archived December 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine"CUP: NASCAR Midweek Notebook" Recovered: 11/25/07
  28. Jayski.com Archived 2015-05-05 at the Wayback Machine restrictor plate statistics
  29. "Car Of Tomorrow Fuzzy Math And Fuzzier Logic". Sporting News. May 18, 2007. Archived from the original on 2009-02-12. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  30. "Car Of Tomorrow Thoughts 2 March". Sporting News. March 3, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-05-29. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  31. Plenty Of Subplots At New Hampshire
  32. "Postrace comments on 2008 Best Buy 400". Archived from the original on 2016-03-12. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
  33. "2008 Texas qualifying Michael McDowell Hard Crash". YouTube. 2008-04-04. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  34. Fryer, Jenna (July 28, 2008). "Johnson perseveres, wins Brickyard 400". Indianapolis: Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Archived from the original on 2009-02-11. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  35. Zenor, John (April 26, 2009). "Carl Edwards' last-lap crash injures seven fans". columbiamissourian.com. Talladega, Alabama: Columbia Missourian, Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 30, 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  36. Hinton, Ed (April 27, 2009). "Dega a disaster waiting to happen". ESPN.com. ESPN Inc. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  37. Peltz, Jim (March 10, 2010). "Flipped car has NASCAR in a quandary: Carl Edwards is put on probation for apparently intentionally bumping Brad Keselowski and sending his car airborne in Atlanta race. But beyond that incident, officials want to make sure that cars aren't prone to lift off the track". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  38. McCarthy, Tom (May 14, 2007). "COT vs. regular car: The numbers tell the real story. Perception not reality when crunching '06-'07 statistics". NASCAR.com. Archived from the original on 2008-11-23. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  39. Brudenell, Mike (March 20, 2015). "NASCAR top executive in Detroit: We'll 'make mistakes': NASCAR CEO and chairman Brian France speaks at Detroit Economic Club in Dearborn today to high schoolers and college students". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  40. Official Release (October 20, 2011). "Bosch to provide oxygen sensors for fuel injection". nascar.com. Daytona Beach, Florida: NASCAR. Archived from the original on 2011-10-25. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  41. Morrison, Mac (January 26, 2015). "NASCAR boss Brian France says fans think Sprint Cup is on the right path". Autoweek. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  42. Cain, Holly (2012-11-29). "Chevrolet unveils 2013 Sprint Cup Series car". NASCAR. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
  43. Smith, Marty (2012-08-07). "Dodge out of NASCAR at end of year". ESPN. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
  44. Guadalupe, Michael (January 10, 2013). "Breaking Down the Gen-6 Car and What It Means for NASCAR". Bleacher Report. Bleacher Report. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  45. A Look At Development Of The 2013 NASCAR Race Car
  46. Controversy Over NASCAR Fine of Hamlin
  47. Post-Daytona 500 Analysis Of Gen-6 Racecar
  48. "Yahoo! Canada Sports — Sports News, Scores, Rumors, Fantasy Games, and more". Ca.sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  49. Smith, Steven Cole (June 2009). "Ford Mustang, Dodge Challenger Coming to NASCAR? Camaro to Follow?". Car and Driver. Car and Driver. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  50. Montgomery, Lee (June 30, 2010). "NASCAR Nationwide Series ready to unveil its "Car of Tomorrow" at Daytona". Masslive.com. Masslive.com, NASCAR Wire Services, Sporting News. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  51. Media Release (November 4, 2014). "NASCAR unveils new K&N Pro Series car at 2014 SEMA show". Fox Sports. Fox Sports. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
  52. "NASCAR and ARCA unveil new car in Vegas". Newton Daily News. Newton Daily News. November 13, 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  53. Radebaugh, Don (May 9, 2016). "ARCA composite body cars to make superspeedway debut at Pocono". Automobile Racing Club of America. Toledo, Ohio. Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2016.

General
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.