Bullying and suicide

Bullying and suicide, are considered together when the cause of suicide is attributable to the victim having been bullied, either in person or via social media.[1][2][3][4][5] Writers Neil Marr and Tim Field wrote about it in their 2001 book Bullycide: Death at Playtime.[6]


Suicide

Legal analysts criticise the term bullycide because it links a cause with an effect under someone else's control.[7] Research shows those who are bullied have a higher probability of considering or performing suicide than those who are not.[5] However, there are victims of bullying who do not end up committing suicide, and some of them share their experiences in order to send a positive message to bullying victims that suicide is not the only option.[8]

In 2010, the suicides of teenagers in the United States who were bullied because they were gay or perceived to be[9][10] led to the establishment of the It Gets Better project by Dan Savage,[11][12] The online event, Spirit Day, was created in which participants were asked to wear purple as a symbol of respect for the deceased victims of bullying, particularly cyberbullying, and to signify opposition to the bullying of the LGBT community.

Statistics

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) states that almost 45,000 deaths occur from suicide each year. There are about 100 attempts of suicide to every 1 successful suicide. A little over 14% of students in high school consider suicide and approximately 7% of them attempt suicide. Students that are bullied are around 2 to 9 times more likely to consider suicide than non-victims.[13] A study in Britain found that at least half of suicides among young people are related to bullying. 10 to 14 year old teen girls are most likely to commit suicide based on this study. According to ABC News, nearly 30% of students are either victims of bullies or bullies themselves and 160,000 kids stay home from school every day because they are scared of being bullied.[14]

Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying is a form of aggression by using the internet and/or electronic communication, such as mobile phones, e-mail, and text message, to cause humiliation, terrorization, embarrassment, and/or psychological distress to a peer.[15] In comparison to verbal bullying, a research study showed that adolescents who reported cyberbullying were 11.5 more likely to have suicidal ideation, while those who have reported verbal bullying were only 8.4 times more Iikely.[16] In another study, 75% of adolescents who experienced cyberbullying presented with higher suicidal ideation than those who have experienced verbal bullying.[17]

Circumstances that can affect a person's vulnerability

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBTQ+) youth

Suicide attempts are 2-4 times higher than heterosexual peers. Young adults of the LGBT community "must cope with developing sexual minority identity along with negative comments, jokes, and threats of violence"[19]. A research identified that 19 studies were linked to suicidal behavior in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) students to bullying at school. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender students experience more bullying than heterosexual students.[20]

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See also

References
  1. Marr, Neil; Field, Tim (30 January 2001). Bully : Death at Playtime (1 ed.). Success Unlimited. ISBN 978-0-9529121-2-5.
  2. Bender, Joyce (28 April 2008). "Bullycide: The Only Escape for Some Brutalizd Children with Disabilities". The Cutting Edge. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  3. Pursell Elliott, Gail (9 May 2003). School Mobbing and Emotional Abuse: See it - Stop it - Prevent it with Dignity and Respect. Routledge. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-415-94551-6.
  4. Moffatt, Gregory K (30 June 2003). Wounded Innocents and Fallen Angels: Child Abuse and Child Aggression. Praeger Publishers. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-275-97848-8.
  5. Martinez, Edecio (4 May 2010). "Cyber Bullying Illegal: Mass. Governor Signs Landmark Anti-Bullying Law - Crimesider - CBS News". CBS News. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  6. Marr, Neil; Field, Tim (30 January 2001). Bullycide: Death at Playtime (1 ed.). Success Unlimited. ISBN 978-0-9529121-2-5.
  7. Kohut, Margaret R (9 November 2007). The Complete Guide to Understanding, Controlling, and Stopping Bullies & Bullying: A Complete Guide for Teachers & Parents. Atlantic Publishing Company. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-60138-021-0.
  8. "National Suicide Prevention Day ; Tales of a Polar Bear". talesofapolarbear.com. 2018-09-10. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  9. LaSalle, Reneé (16 November 2009). "No Charges in Murray County High School "Bullycide" Case". WDEF News. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  10. Sikora, Kate (31 July 2008). "Signs that can help you save your child". The Daily Telegraph (Australia). Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  11. "GT Investigates - In This Issue". GayTimes. Archived from the original on 2010-11-14. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
  12. "In suicide's wake, a message to gay teens: Hang on; you are not alone". St. Petersburg Times; Tampabay.com. 2 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-16.
  13. "Bullying and Suicide". Bullying Statistics. 2015-07-07. Retrieved 2017-01-02.
  14. "Bullying in America's Schools". ABC News. 2010-10-18. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  15. Pinto, Melissa D. (2017). "Challenges and opportunities for addressing adolescent cyberbullying within the context of clinically meaningful psychological outcomes: Addressing Adolescent Cyberbullying". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. 30 (1): 4–5. doi:10.1111/jcap.12168. PMID 28513063.
  16. Alavi, Nazanin; Reshetukha, Taras; Prost, Eric; Antoniak, Kristen; Patel, Charmy; Sajid, Saad; Groll, Dianne (2017). "Relationship between Bullying and Suicidal Behaviour in Youth presenting to the Emergency Department". Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 26 (2): 70–77. ISSN 1719-8429. PMC 5510935. PMID 28747929.
  17. Roberts, Nasreen; Axas, Nicholas; Nesdole, Robert; Repetti, Leanne (2016). "Pediatric Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health Crisis: Prevalence of Cyber-Bullying in Suicidal Youth". Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. 33 (5): 469–472. doi:10.1007/s10560-016-0442-8. ISSN 0738-0151.
  18. "The Relationship Between Bullying and Suicide : What We Know and What it Means for Schools" (PDF). Cdc.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-02.
  20. "Suicide and Bullying" (PDF). Sprc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-02.
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