Botswana Ground Force

The Botswana Ground Forces is the army of the country of Botswana, and the land component of the Botswana Defence Force.

Ground Forces Command
Founded1977
CountryBotswana
TypeArmy
Size8,500[1]
Part ofMinistry of Defence, Justice, and Security
Websitewww.gov.bw
Commanders
Commander-in-ChiefPresident Mokgweetsi Masisi
CommanderLieutenant General Placid Diratsagae Segokgo (DCO, PJM, DSM)
Deputy CommanderMajor General Gotsileene Morake (DCO, PJM, UNOSOM, DSM, psc)

Chiefs of the Defence Staff Ground Force (1966–present)

The former heads of the Botswana Ground Force Armed Forces were referred to while in office as either General Officers Commanding or Chiefs of the Defence Staff.

History

The Botswana Defence Force was raised in April 1977 by an Act of Parliament called the 'BDF Act NO 13 of 1977.[2] At its formation, Lieutenant General Mompati Merafhe (retired and former Vice President of the Republic of Botswana (now deceased)) became its first Commander. The former President of the Republic of Botswana, Lieutenant General Seretse Khama Ian Khama, then Brigadier, was the Deputy Commander. Unusually for an African military force, and chiefly attributable to its being founded after Botswana's independence, the Botswana Ground Force was not formed from colonial units formed by a colonising power, but rather were formed from the remains of the Botswana Mounted Police Unit, previously known as the Bechuanaland Mounted Police, a unit of the British South Africa Police.[3]

The contemporary roles of the Defence Force are broad for a conventional military, suggesting that the government of Botswana and the BDF subscribe to a wide view of ‘security’ and consider the Defence Force an appropriate agency for attaining much of it, an issue that has been discussed even in the BDF's own internal media. It is expected that the BDF in general is meant to be an apolitical instrument of the state.[4]

The current stated mission of the Botswana Ground Force is:
To defend the country and provide for the security of Botswana, participate in external security cooperation activities, and contribute in domestic support operations, with the aim of:

  • Ensuring national security and stability
  • Protecting the people and their properties
  • Protecting the constitution of Botswana to guarantee the rule of law
  • Defending Botswana's territorial integrity on land and in the air
  • Preserving Botswana as a free, independent and sovereign state
  • Aiding civil authorities in domestic support operations
  • Strengthening Botswana's international relations by participating in regional and international security cooperation activities[5]

Structure and organisation

The commander-in-chief of the BDF is Mokgweetsi Masisi, the current President of Botswana. Answering to him is Lieutenant General Placid Segokgo.

The various units of the Botswana Ground Force are as follows:

  • 1st Armoured Brigade (Gaborone)
  • 1st Infantry Brigade (mechanised brigade at Gaborone)
  • 2nd Infantry Brigade (motorized brigade at Francistown)
  • 3rd Infantry Brigade (motorized brigade at Ghanzi)
  • 1st Commando Regiment (Gaborone)
  • Four independent infantry battalions
  • Two armored-artillery brigades
  • One combat engineering regiment
  • 1 air defense battalion
  • Army river-wing (including diving unit)

Ranks and insignia

The BGF and the Botswana Air Force maintain the same rank system, which is loosely based on British or Commonwealth rank systems. The ranks are as follows:

Enlisted:

Officers:

Equipment and vehicles

The BDF uses a wide array of modern weapons and vehicles. Its suppliers are Russia and Western nations, including Israel, Switzerland, the United States, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Italy, and the United Kingdom.

In 2016 the Ministry of Defence of Botswana ordered 45 Piranha 8×8 armoured vehicles made by General Dynamics Switzerland.[6]

Make Type Origin Photo Quantity.[7]
SK-105 Kurassier Tank  Austria 52
SK105 4K7-FA recovery tank Tank  Austria 10
FV101 Scorpion Light Tank  United Kingdom 60
FV 103 Spartan Infantry fighting vehicle  United Kingdom 6
MOWAG Piranha Infantry fighting vehicle   Switzerland 50
Cadillac Gage Commando Armoured personnel carrier  United States of America 50
ATMOS 2000 Howitzer  Israel 16
BM-21 Grad Multiple rocket launcher  ROM 20
BTR-60 Armoured personnel carrier  Soviet Union 1 50
Véhicule Blindé Léger Armoured car  France 64
RAM 2000 Armoured car  Israel 35
ACMAT Armoured car  France 150
RMMV TG MIL range of trucks Militarised commercial trucks  Germany 200
Oshkosh M1070 tank transporter  USA ?
Soltam M-71 Howitzer  Israel 18
MICA (missile) surface-to-air missile  France ?
L118 Light Gun Artillery  United Kingdom 24
120mm Mortar Artillery  United States ?
L16 81mm mortar Artillery  United States ?
BGM-71 TOW Anti-tank missile  United States of America ?
MILAN Anti-tank missile  France ?
Carl Gustaf recoilless rifle recoilless rifle  Sweden ?
RPG-7 Rocket-propelled grenade launcher  Soviet Union ?
Javelin (surface-to-air missile) surface-to-air missile  United Kingdom 5 Launchers
9K38 Igla surface-to-air missile  Soviet Union ?
M167 VADS Anti-aircraft Gun  USA 10
Type 65 Anti-aircraft Gun  China 10

Small arms
Name Type Origin Photo Caliber.
FN FAL[8] Battle rifle  Belgium 7.62×51mm NATO
SAR 21 Assault rifle  Singapore 5.56×45mm NATO
IMI Galil Assault rifle  Israel 5.56×45mm NATO
Sterling submachine gun Submachine gun  United Kingdom 9mm Parabellum
Bren light machine gun Light machine gun  United Kingdom 7.62×51mm NATO
M2 Browning Heavy machine gun  United States 12.7×99mm NATO
Barrett M82 Sniper rifle  United States 12.7×99mm NATO
Browning Hi Power Semi-automatic pistol  Belgium 9×19mm Parabellum
FN MAG General purpose machine gun  Belgium 7.62×51mm NATO
Uzi Sub machine gun  Israel 9×19mm Parabellum

River-wing equipment
  • 2 × Boston Whaler Raider-class PCs (United States)[9]
  • 15 × Panther airboats (United States)[9]

Notes

    Citations
    1. IISS 2019, p. 453.
    2. "Republic of Botswana - Government portal". Gov.bw. 2011-01-03. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
    3. "Republic of Botswana - Government portal". Gov.bw. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
    4. Otisitswe B Tiroyamodimo, Why is security a contested concept? Sethamo (Botswana Defence Force Newsletter), 37, December 2001, pp 9-11.
    5. "Republic of Botswana - Government portal". Gov.bw. 2011-01-03. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
    6. Malyasov, Dylan. "Botswana buy 45 Piranha armoured wheeled vehicles | Defence Blog". defence-blog.com. Retrieved 2017-09-16.
    7. "Botswana Defence Force Order of Battle – Defence Web". Retrieved 23 October 2018.
    8. Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35th edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
    9. "Jane's Sentinel Country Risk Assessments Southern Africa" (26). Jane's Information Group. 2009: 97. ISSN 1754-9256. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
    gollark: WHO CARES?! and also no, Rust may be better sometimes.
    gollark: As in, literally impossible to unambiguously parse without executing previous bits of code.
    gollark: Also, are almost certainly unparseable, like Perl.
    gollark: But sentences can also contain clauses.
    gollark: I'm going to work on embedded HQ9+.

    References
    • International Institute for Strategic Studies (15 February 2019). The Military Balance 2019. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781857439885.
    • Kenosi, Lekoko. The Botswana Defence Force and Public Trust: The Military Dilemma in a Democracy.
    • Tiroyamodimo, Otitisitswe B. (December 2001). "Why is security a contested concept?". Sethamo (Botswana Defence Force Newsletter).
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