Biomphalaria pfeifferi

Biomphalaria pfeifferi is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.

Biomphalaria pfeifferi
Drawing of apical, apertural and umbilical view of the shell of Biomphalaria pfeifferi.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Hygrophila
Superfamily:
Planorboidea
Family:
Planorbidae
Subfamily:
Planorbinae
Tribe:
Biomphalariini
Genus:
Biomphalaria
Species:
B. pfeifferi
Binomial name
Biomphalaria pfeifferi
(Krauss, 1848)[1]

This snail is a medically important pest,[2] because of transferring the disease schistosomiasis.

Distribution

Biomphalaria pfeifferi is an African species. It has recently expanded its native range.[2]

Distribution of Biomphalaria pfeifferi include:

The type locality is Umgani-Valley, Natal, South Africa[1] (in the times of the description it was the British Colony of Natal).

Phylogeny

A cladogram showing phylogenic relations of species in the genus Biomphalaria:[4]

Biomphalaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria stanleyi

 
 

Biomphalaria pfeifferi

 
 
 

Biomphalaria camerunensis

 
 
Nilotic species complex
 
 
 

Biomphalaria sudanica

 
 

Biomphalaria choanomphala

 
 
 

Biomphalaria alexandrina

 
 
 

Biomphalaria smithi

 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria glabrata

 
 
 
 
 
Biomphalaria straminea complex
 
 

Biomphalaria kuhniana

 
 

Biomphalaria straminea

 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria straminea

 
 

Biomphalaria intermedia

 
 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria amazonica

 
 

Biomphalaria sp.

 
 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria tenagophila

 
 

Biomphalaria occidentalis

 
 
 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria prona

 
 

Biomphalaria andecola

 
 
 

Biomphalaria sp. (? Biomphalaria havanensis)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria sp. (? Biomphalaria havanensis)

 
 

Biomphalaria temascalensis

 
 
 

Biomphalaria obstructa

 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria helophila

 
 
 

Biomphalaria peregrina

 
 
 

Biomphalaria schrammi

 
 

Ecology

Biomphalaria pfeifferi can survive up to 16 hours in anaerobic water using lactic acid fermentation.[5]

Parasites

Parasites of Biomphalaria pfeifferi include the following 11 species found in Tanzania:[6]

Toxicology

The seeds of the tree Balanites aegyptiaca have a molluscicide effect on Biomphalaria pfeifferi.[8]

Substance Route LC50 Reference
Powder of crude kernels of Balanites aegyptiaca immersion(?) 60 ppm [8]
Acetone extract of powder of the kernels of Balanites aegyptiaca immersion(?) 172,40 ppm [8]
Ethanol extract of the powder of kernels of Balanites aegyptiaca immersion(?) 84,15 ppm [8]

Ethanolic extract of the fruits of Dalbergia sissoo (family Leguminosae) exhibited molluscicidal effect against eggs of Biomphalaria pfeifferi.[9]

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References
  1. (in German and Latin) Krauss F. (1848). Die Sudafrikanischen Mollusken. Ebnert & Seubert, Stuttgart, 140 pp, 6 plates. page 83, plate 5, figure 7.
  2. Pointier, J. P.; Pointier, J. P.; David, P.; Jarne, P. (2005). "Biological invasions: The case of planorbid snails". Journal of Helminthology. 79 (3): 249–256. doi:10.1079/JOH2005292. PMID 16153319.
  3. (in French) Sarr A., Kinzelbach R. & Diouf M. (2011, in press). "Diversité spécifique et écologie des mollusques continenatux de la basse vallée du Ferlo (Sénégal). [Specific diversity and ecology of continental molluscs from the Lower Ferlo Valley (Senegal)]". MalaCo 7: 8 pp. PDF Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine.
  4. Dejong, R. J.; Morgan, J. A.; Paraense, W. L.; Pointier, J. P.; Amarista, M.; Ayeh-Kumi, P. F.; Babiker, A.; Barbosa, C. S.; Brémond, P.; Pedro Canese, A.; De Souza, C. P.; Dominguez, C.; File, S.; Gutierrez, A.; Incani, R. N.; Kawano, T.; Kazibwe, F.; Kpikpi, J.; Lwambo, N. J.; Mimpfoundi, R.; Njiokou, F.; Noël Poda, J.; Sene, M.; Velásquez, L. E.; Yong, M.; Adema, C. M.; Hofkin, B. V.; Mkoji, G. M.; Loker, E. S. (2001). "Evolutionary relationships and biogeography of Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) with implications regarding its role as host of the human bloodfluke, Schistosoma mansoni". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (12): 2225–2239. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003769. PMID 11719572.
  5. Brand, T. V.; Baernstein, H. D.; Mehlman, B. (1950). "Studies on the anaerobic metabolism and the aerobic carbohydrate consumption of some fresh water snails". The Biological Bulletin. 98 (3): 266–276. doi:10.2307/1538675. JSTOR 1538675. PMID 15420230. PDF
  6. Loker, E S.; Moyo, H. G.; Gardner, S. L. (1981). "Trematode-gastropod association in nine non-lacustrine habitats in the Mwanza region of Tanzania". Parasitology. 83 (2): 381–399. doi:10.1017/s0031182000085383.
  7. Ibikounlé, M; Mouahid, G; Mintsa Nguéma, R; Sakiti, NG; Kindé-Gasard, D; Massougbodji, A; Moné, H (December 2012). "Life-history traits indicate local adaptation of the schistosome parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, to its snail host, Biomphalaria pfeifferi". Experimental Parasitology. 132 (4): 501–7. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2012.09.020. PMID 23031799.
  8. Hamidou T. H., Kabore H., Ouattara O., Ouédraogo S., Guissou I. P. & Sawadogo L. (2002) "Efficacy of Balanites aegyptiaca(L.) DEL Balanitaceae as Anthelminthic and Molluscicid Used by Traditional Healers in Burkina Faso". International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002. page 37. PDF
  9. Adenusi A. A. & Odaibo A. B. (2009). "Effects of varying concentrations of the crude aqueous and ethanolic". African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative medicines 6(2). abstract, PDF.

Further reading
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