Bicaudaviridae

Bicaudaviridae is a family of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses. Members of the genus Acidianus serve as natural hosts. There is currently only one genus (Bicaudavirus) and one species in this family: the type species Acidianus two-tailed virus.[1][2][3] However, Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped viruses 1 and 2 (STSV1 and STSV2) are regarded to belong to this family also.[4]

Bicaudaviridae
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: incertae sedis
Kingdom: incertae sedis
Phylum: incertae sedis
Class: incertae sedis
Order: incertae sedis
Family: Bicaudaviridae
Genera

Taxonomy

Group: dsDNA

[3]

Structure

Viruses in Bicaudaviridae are enveloped, with lemon-shaped geometries. Genomes are circular, around 62kb in length. The genome has 72 open reading frames.[2]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
BicaudavirusLemon-shapedCircularMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Genus Acidianus serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.[2]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
BicaudavirusArchea: acidianusNoneInjectionBuddingCytoplasmCytoplasmPassive diffusion

History

This family was first described by the team led by D. Prangishvili in 2005.[5][6]

The name is derived from the Latin word 'bi' and 'cauda' meaning 'two-tail'.

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References
  1. Prangishvili, D; Krupovic, M; ICTV Report Consortium (7 June 2018). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Bicaudaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 99 (7): 864–865. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001106. PMID 29877786.
  2. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  3. "ICTV Report Bicaudaviridae".
  4. Krupovic, M; Quemin, ER; Bamford, DH; Forterre, P; Prangishvili, D (2014). "Unification of the globally distributed spindle-shaped viruses of the Archaea". Journal of Virology. 88 (4): 2354–8. doi:10.1128/JVI.02941-13. PMC 3911535. PMID 24335300.
  5. Häring M, Vestergaard G, Rachel R, Chen L, Garrett RA and Prangishvili D (2005) Independent virus development outside a host. Nature 436, 1101–1102
  6. Prangishvili, D., Vestergaard G, Häring M, Aramayo R, Basta T, Rachel R and Garrett RA (2006) Structural and genomic properties of the hyperthermophilic archaeal virus ATV with an extracellular stage of the reproductive cycle. J. Mol. Biol. 359, 1203–1216
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