Bugger

Bugger or buggar can at times be considered as a mild swear word. In the United Kingdom the term has been used commonly to imply dissatisfaction, refer to someone or something whose behaviour is in some way inconvenient or perhaps as an expression of surprise. In the US, particularly in the Midwest and South, it is a slang but not offensive noun meaning "small critter."

For other uses, see Bugger (disambiguation).

The term is used in the vernacular British English, Australian English, New Zealand English, South African English, Indian English, Pakistani English, Canadian English, Caribbean English, Malaysian English and in Sri Lankan English.

Etymology

It is derived from Anglo-Norman bougre, which has also given the term buggery.

Bugger—also bowgard, bouguer (ancient French – bougre): from Latin – Bulgarus, a name given to a sect of heretics who were thought to have come from Bulgaria in the 11th century, after other "heretics" to whom abominable practices were imputed in an abusively disparaging manner.[1]

History

The term is thought to have emerged around the early 13th century, after Pope Innocent III and the northern French kingdom engaged in the Albigensian Crusade in southern France. This led to the slaughter of about 20,000 men,[2] women and children, Cathar and Catholic alike and brought the region firmly under the control of the King of France. The crusade was directed against heretical Christians and the nobility of Toulouse and vassals of the Crown of Aragon.[2] The populace of Provence and Northern Italy sympathized with the victims of the crusade because of their moral purity. It was then that the Catholic clergy launched a vilifying campaign against them, associating them with unorthodox sexual practices and sodomy.[3]

Usage

Noun

The word may be used amongst friends in an affectionate way and is used as a vernacular noun to imply that one is very fond of something (I'm a bugger for Welsh cakes). It can also imply a negative tendency (He's a silly bugger for losing his keys) [i.e., He's a fool for often losing his keys].

In some English speaking communities the word has been in use traditionally without any profane connotations. For instance, within the Anglo-Indian community in India the word bugger has been in use, in an affectionate manner, to address or refer to a close friend or fellow schoolmate. In the United States it can be a rough synonym to whippersnapper as in calling a young boy a "little bugger".[4]

In 1978 Judge Melford Stevenson called the British Sexual Offences Act 1967 a "buggers' charter".[5]

Verb

As a verb, the word is used by the British to denote sodomy. In GB, the phrase "Bugger me sideways" (or a variation of this) can be used as an expression of surprise. It can also be used as a synonym for "broken", as in "This PC's buggered"; "Oh no! I've buggered it up"; or "It's gone to buggery". In Anglophone Southern Africa, also in Australia and GB, "buggered" is colloquially used to describe something, usually a machine or vehicle, as broken.

The phrase "bugger off" (bug off in American English) means to go, or run, away; when used as a command it means "go away" ("get lost" or "leave me alone") and can also be used in much the same type of relatively offensive manner.

"I'm buggered", "I'll be buggered" and "bugger me" are used colloquially in GB (and often in New Zealand and Australia as well) to denote or feign surprise at an unexpected (or possibly unwanted) occurrence. "I'm buggered" can also be used to indicate a state of fatigue. In this latter form it found fame in New Zealand in 1956 through rugby player Peter Jones, who—in a live post-match radio interview—declared himself "absolutely buggered", a turn of phrase considered shocking at the time.[6][7]

It is famously alleged that the last words of King George V were "Bugger Bognor", in response to a suggestion that he might recover from his illness and visit Bognor Regis.[8] Variations on the phrase "bugger it" are commonly used to imply frustration, admission of defeat or the sense that something is not worth doing, as in "bugger this for a lark" or "bugger this for a game of soldiers".

Interjection

As an interjection, "bugger" is sometimes used as a single-word expletive. "Buggeration" is a derivation occasionally found in British English.

As with many expletives, its continued use has reduced its shock value and offensiveness. Thus the Toyota car company in Australia and New Zealand ran a popular series of advertisements where "Bugger!"[9] was the only spoken word (with exception of an utterance of "bugger me!") (frequently repeated); they then ran a censored version of the ad in which "Bugger!" was bleeped out, as a joke against those who spoke out against the ad claiming it was offensive. The term is generally not used in the United States, but it is recognised, although inoffensive there. It is also used in Canada more frequently than in the United States but with less stigma than in other parts of the world. In the pre-watershed television version of Four Weddings and a Funeral the opening sequence is modified from repeated exclamations of "Fuck!" by Hugh Grant and Charlotte Coleman when they are late for the first wedding to repeated exclamations of "Bugger!".

Derived terms

Bagarapim

"Bagarap" (from "buggered up") is a common word in Pacific pidgins such as Tok Pisin of Papua New Guinea, Brokan (Torres Strait Creole) of Australia and Papua and others, meaning "broken", "hurt", "ruined", "destroyed", "tired", and so on, as in Tok Pisin "kanu i bagarap", Brokan "kenu i bagarap", "the canoe is broken" or Tok Pisin/Brokan "kaikai i bagarap", "the food is spoiled." Tok Pisin "mi bagarap pinis" ("me bugger-up finish") means, "I am very tired," or "I am very ill", while the Brokan equivalent, "ai pinis bagarap" is more "I'm done in", "I'm finished/I've had it".[10] The term was put to use in the album Bagarap Empires by Fred Smith, which was made to capture the peace process in Bougainville, an island province of Papua New Guinea; in a number of the songs he uses Melanesian pidgin, the language used in Bougainville and elsewhere.

Little buggers

Children, a term so familiar in the United Kingdom that there is a series of professional teaching manuals with titles that start "Getting the buggers to ..."[11]

Bugger about

To mess around, to do something ineffectively.[12]

Bugger all

Bugger all means "nothing" as in You may not like paying taxes, but there's bugger all you can do about it. and The police are doing bugger all about all this aggro that's going on See also fuck all, sweet FA, and Llareggub.

Bugger me

The phrase "bugger me" is a slang term used for a situation that has yielded an unexpected or undesirable result.

Common usage includes "bugger me dead" and "bugger me blind".[13]

Bugger's muddle

Colloquial military term for a disorderly group—either assembled without formation or in a formation that does not meet the standards of the commentator: "just form a bugger's muddle", "there's a bugger's muddle of civvies hanging around the gate", "Get that bugger's muddle of yours fallen in properly".

Bugger off

The phrase "bugger off" is a slang or dismissive term meaning "leave".

Buggery

The word buggery today also serves as a general expletive (mild, moderate or severe depending on the context and company), and can be used to replace the word bugger as a simple expletive or as a simile in phrases which do not actually refer literally in any sense to buggery itself, but just use the word for its informal strength of impact, e.g., Run like buggery, which is equivalent to Run like hell but would be regarded by most listeners as more obscene.

gollark: Also I have unreasonable amounts of free time.
gollark: Oh, I have an additional reason I should be moderator - we're on opposite sides of the world so I can moderate while you cannot moderate.
gollark: Anyway, look, I have no way to tell what applications were submitted which purport to be from me, so please actually post the contents of the selected one here or actually consider all of them.
gollark: Or a nonanimated one.
gollark: Wait, can we have an animated dodecahedron emoji?

See also

References
  1. Partridge, Eric (1966) [1959]. Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. p. 66.
  2. Cheney, Christopher R. (1976). Innocent III and England. Stuttgart: Anton Hiersemann.
  3. Bogomilism Study. Archived from the original on 2015-08-10.
  4. For an example of this inoffensive usage, see "A Partially True Autobiography" Archived 2009-03-28 at the Wayback Machine by Bruce Lansky
  5. Rohrer, Finlo (12 May 2004). "Are judges politically correct?". BBC News. The well-known judge was once reprimanded by the lord chancellor for calling the Sexual Offences Act 1967 a "buggers' charter".
  6. Norquay, Kevin (November 11, 2006). "For more than a century it has been a Garden of Eden ablaze with sporting colour." Eden Park Residents Association.
  7. "If you wish upon a star, make sure you are awake". The Southland Times. 11 September 2008. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
  8. "When Bognor earned its 'Regis'". BBC news online. 1 June 2004. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  9. Rudder, Gawen (24 March 2017). "A step back in time - 30 years of great advertising". AdNews. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  10. Bagarap in The Jacaranda dictionary and grammar of Melanesian pidgin by F. Mihalic (1971). Retrieved on 2009-01-21.
  11. "Sue Cowley Bookshop". suecowley. Archived from the original on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  12. Quinion, Michael. "Embuggerance". World Wide Words. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
  13. "Aussie Sayings". McGuinnessOnline. Archived from the original on 2011-03-15. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
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