Aversive case

The aversive or evitative case (abbreviated EVIT) is a grammatical case found in Australian Aboriginal languages that indicates that the marked noun is avoided or feared.

Usage

For example, in Walmajarri:

Yapa-warnti	pa-lu	tjurtu-karrarla	laparnkanja	natji-karti.
child-ABS.PL	IND-they	dust-AVERSIVE	ran away	cave-ALL
The children ran into the cave because of the dust storm.

The suffix -karrarla indicates that the action (running away) was carried out in order to avoid the dust storm, tjurtu-.

The aversive may also be used to mark the object of verbs of fearing. For example, in Djabugay:

Djama-lan	ŋawu	yarrnga-nj.
snake-AVERSIVE	I	be afraid-PAST
I was afraid of the snake.

The aversive may be used on a nominalized verb, to produce an equivalent of English "lest". For example, "lest they be forgotten" could be encoded as "to avoid forgetting them".

Languages

Few languages have a distinct aversive case. Usually, a single case will be used both for the aversive and other functions.

Languages with a distinct aversive case include:

Arrernte
Djabugay
Gumbaynggir
Marri Ngarr
Marrithiyel
Walmajarri
Warlmanpa
Warlpiri
Warumungu
the Western Desert Language
Yidinj

gollark: Well, this is disheartening.

gollark: Oh, hmm, apparently I'm wrong.

gollark: A decillion is 10^33, if I remember right.

gollark: I don't think stars are scheduled to not exist until 10^36 years from now.

gollark: Blind people should simply touch-type.

References

Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47378-0.

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